• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.977-984
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• 2009

Campbell Early grapes, the major grape variety in Korea, contain 13 - 15% (w/v) sugar, which is lower than that appropriate for fermentation of red wine. Therefore, chaptalization with sucrose is usually used to increase the sugar level to an extent adequate to produce a wine containing about 12% (v/v) alcohol. In the present study, fermentation of freeze-concentrated Campbell Early grape juice at $25^{\circ}Brix$ was investigated using several industrial wine yeasts including Saccharomyces cerevisiae OC2, S. cerevisiae Fermivin, and S. cerevisiae W-3. During fermentation, changes in the levels of soluble solids, alcohol, total acid, and yeast viable counts were investigated. Alcohol content reached maximal levels after 9 days of fermentation, and was 12.6% (v/v) when the Fermivin strain was used and 13% (v/v) when each of the OC2 and W-3 strains was used. No significant between-strain difference was found, except for slightly slower alcohol production and sugar consumption, and a higher total acid content when strain OC2 was used. Changes in the yeast viable counts were similar during fermentation. The physicochemical characteristics of Campbell Early wine prepared using freeze-concentrated juice were investigated by measuring the levels of total phenolic compounds, organic acids, acetaldehyde, and minor alcohols and assessment of color values. Similar levels of soluble solids and total phenolic contents were observed in wines fermented by the three different strains, but a higher level of total acid was noted in OC2-fermented wine and a lower level of alcohol in Fermivin-fermented wine. The highest level of malic acid and the lowest level of lactic acid were detected in Fermivin-fermented wine. Although the wines showed variable levels of acetaldehyde and minor alcohols, the concentrations of these materials were much lower than those mandated by legal regulations promulgated by the Korean National Tax Service. Red and violet colors in OC2-fermented wine were darker than those of W-3-fermented wine. In sensory evaluation, W-3-fermented wine obtained the highest scores for color and flavor. However, the best taste score was reported for the OC2-fermented wine, whereas Fermivin-fermented wine was awarded the highest score in overall acceptance.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.324-329
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• 2013

This study investigated and evaluated contamination levels of bacteria on tomatoes at farms stage to evaluate potential hazards associated with fresh tomatoes. A total of 170 samples, 90 samples from 5 sampling sites from 18 farms and 80 samples from 1 sampling site from 4 farms every month for four months, were analyzed to enumerate aerobic bacterial counts, coliforms, E. coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes. Aerobic bacterial counts ranged from 0.48 to 6.15 Log CFU/g, with the lowest and the highest bacterial cell counts recorded for A site and E site, respectively. Thirty five percent of the samples from the E site contained more than 2 Log CFU/g. Six samples (6.6%) of 90 samples contained B. cereus less than 1 Log CFU/g. In addition, the contamination level of indicator bacteria and B. cereus in tomatoes were higher on March than on April, May and June (P < 0.05). S. aureus, E. coli, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were not detected in the tomato samples. The microbial contamination levels of tomatoes determined in this study may be used as the data for microbiological risk assessment.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.71-96
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• 2011

Within the traditional medical delivery system, patients residing in medically vulnerable areas, those with body movement difficulties, and nursing facility residents have had limited access to good healthcare services. However, Information and Communication Technology (ICT) provides us with a convenient and useful means of overcoming distance and time constraints. ICT is integrated with biomedical science and technology in a way that offers a new high-quality medical service. As a result, rapid technological advancement is expected to play a pivotal role bringing about innovation in a wide range of medical service areas, such as medical management, testing, diagnosis, and treatment; offering new and improved healthcare services; and effecting dramatic changes in current medical services. The increase in aging population and chronic diseases has caused an increase in medical expenses. In response to the increasing demand for efficient healthcare services, a telehealth service based on ICT is being emphasized on a global level. Telehealth services have been implemented especially in pilot projects and system development and technological research. With the service about to be implemented in earnest, it is necessary to study its overall acceptance by consumers, which is expected to contribute to the development and activation of a variety of services. In this sense, the study aims at positively examining the structural relationship among the acceptance factors for telehealth services based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Data were collected by showing audiovisual material on telehealth services to online panels and requesting them to respond to a structured questionnaire sheet, which is known as the information acceleration method. Among the 1,165 adult respondents, 608 valid samples were finally chosen, while the remaining were excluded because of incomplete answers or allotted time overrun. In order to test the reliability and validity of the assessment scale items, we carried out reliability and factor analyses, and in order to explore the causal relation among potential variables, we conducted a structural equation modeling analysis using AMOS 7.0 and SPSS 17.0. The research outcomes are as follows. First, service quality, innovativeness of medical technology, and social influence were shown to affect perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of the telehealth service, which was statistically significant, and the two factors had a positive impact on willingness to accept the telehealth service. In addition, social influence had a direct, significant effect on intention to use, which is paralleled by the TAM used in previous research on technology acceptance. This shows that the research model proposed in the study effectively explains the acceptance of the telehealth service. Second, the research model reveals that information privacy concerns had a insignificant impact on perceived ease of use of the telehealth service. From this, it can be gathered that the concerns over information protection and security are reduced further due to advancements in information technology compared to the initial period in the information technology industry, and thus the improvement in quality of medical services appeared to ensure that information privacy concerns did not act as a prohibiting factor in the acceptance of the telehealth service. Thus, if other factors have an enormous impact on ease of use and usefulness, concerns over these results in the initial period of technology acceptance may become irrelevant. However, it is clear that users' information privacy concerns, as other studies have revealed, is a major factor affecting technology acceptance. Thus, caution must be exercised while interpreting the result, and further study is required on the issue. Numerous information technologies with outstanding performance and innovativeness often attract few consumers. A revised bill for those urgently in need of telehealth services is about to be approved in the national assembly. As telemedicine is implemented between doctors and patients, a wide range of systems that will improve the quality of healthcare services will be designed. In this sense, the study on the consumer acceptance of telehealth services is meaningful and offers strong academic evidence. Based on the implications, it can be expected to contribute to the activation of telehealth services. Further study is needed to assess the acceptance factors for telehealth services, such as motivation to remain healthy, health care involvement, knowledge on health, and control of health-related behavior, in order to develop unique services according to the categorization of customers based on health factors. In addition, further study may focus on various theoretical cognitive behavior models other than the TAM, such as the health belief model.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.62 no.5
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• pp.682-691
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• 2020

Careful cleaning and disinfection of pigpens is essential to prevent disease spread and avoid the resultant economic losses. Hygiene in pigpens is generally evaluated by visual monitoring supplemented with bacteriological monitoring, which includes counting the total aerobic bacteria (TAB) and/or fecal indicator bacteria (FIB). However, these methods present drawbacks such as time and labor requirements. As adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is ubiquitous in all living organisms including microorganisms, this study aimed to directly compare the results of microbial assessment and ATP quantification, and to suggest possible detailed application methods of the ATP test for hygiene evaluation in pigpens of a farrowing unit. Before and after standard cleaning procedures, samples were collected from the floor corner, floor center, and feeding trough of four pigpens at different time points. No FIB were detected and both the TAB and ATP levels were significantly decreased in the floor center area after cleaning. FIB were continuously detected after cleaning and disinfection of the floor corners, and there was no significant ATP level reduction. The feeding trough did not show any significant difference in these values before and after cleaning, indicating insufficient cleaning of this area. The levels of TAB and ATP after cleaning were significantly correlated and the average ATP value was significantly lower in the absence of FIB than in their presence. In the absence of standard references, a more thorough hygiene management could be achieved evenly by supplementing cleaning or disinfection based on the lowest ATP results obtained at the cleanest test site, which in the present study was the floor center. Overall, these results indicate that the on-farm ATP test can be used to determine the cleanliness status, in addition to visual inspection, as an alternative to laboratory culture-based testing for the presence of microorganisms.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.3-25
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• 2015

Our goal is to verify how changes in water's hydraulic characteristics after urban regeneration stream can affect any possible transformation of its thermal environment. To that end, we analyzed changes in numerous physical characteristics the subject stream along with the meteorological factors and thermal environment affected by it. Cheonggyecheon was selected as our subject as it is a great example of successful urban regeneration stream. As for physical characteristics, we allocated Type I (0.0%) and Type II (20.2%), depending on the green coverage ratio. As for numerical characteristics, at the point of Ba in which the riffle ends, the water temperature fell by $0.2^{\circ}C$ and the flow increased from 0.7m/s to 0.9 m/s with the dissolved oxygen increasing from 0.5mg/L to 0.6mg/L. As for meteorological factors surrounding the subject stream, the temperature dropped from $1.1^{\circ}C$ to $1.4^{\circ}C$ on average and relative humidity increased from 6.6% to 8.7%. Furthermore, there was an irregular change in wind velocity. According to the result of the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT), the change in the values of Type I and II inside and on the surface of the subject stream was negligible. The downstream temperature in Type I fell from $0.3^{\circ}C$ to $0.6^{\circ}C$ and by $0.8^{\circ}C$ in Type II. As for vertical cooling effect, the change of water level was 120cm in Type I and 140cm in Type II. As for horizontal cooling effects, the value of Type I was increased from the point of Ba where the riffle ends and the value of Type II was on a steady decline.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.149-160
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• 2007

Recent advent of 64-multidetctor (MD) CT enables more coverage of Z-axis in the perfusion imaging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical usefulness of perfusion CT by using 64-MD CT in detecting the lesion in patients with acute stroke. The perfusion CT was performed by using 64-MD CT in 62 consecutive patients who were initially suspected to have subacute ischemic stroke symptoms during the period of recent 9 months. These patients had subacute stroke (n=62). CT scanning was conducted with Jog Mode which provided 16 imaging slices with 5 mm of slice thickness, and 8 cm of coverage in Z-axis. Scan interval was 1 seconds for each imaging slice and total 15 scans were repeated. After CT scanning, perfusion maps (CBV, CBF, MTT and TTP) were created at Extended Brilliance Workstation. The CBV and CBF maps showed that lesions were smaller images. While on the MTT and TTP map lesions were seen to be larger fifty-one were large than they appeared on these images. Two slices of perfusion maps obtained at the level of the basal ganglia were chosen to simulate conventional older perfusion CT with 8 cm of coverage in Z-axis. TTP and MTT maps may be clinically useful for evaluation of the penumbral zone in cases of aubacute cerebral ischemic stroke. The perfusion CT is useful in the assessment of acute stroke as an initial imaging modality.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.350-357
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• 2017

This study was conducted as a post - study on the development of a centralized controller and a hydraulic lift system including structural analysis and remote control for the development of a vertically elevated car. The safety review was carried out through the structural modification of the elevator lift which was developed during the previous research. 3D modeling was performed with Solidworks, and a model of finite element was created through Hypermesh S / W. In addition, the loading environment of the work vehicle for the evaluation is a condition in which the loading amount is 250 kg per position (total, upper, upper, lower, and lower) on the work table, ), The structural analysis was carried out under the condition that the load was 600 kg, and safety was examined in various aspects. As a result, when the allowable load of 250 kg and the excess load of 600 kg are excluded (except Case-11), the stress level is below the yield strength. In the case of Case-11, there is a region exceeding the yield strength at the center support portion of the safety bar at the upper end even after excluding the component which generates the maximum stress, but it does not affect the safety aspect of the whole structure Respectively. Looking at the deflection results, it can be seen that in all cases the maximum deflection occurs in the same table, and the tendency of sagging in both 250 kg and 600 kg is the same.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.458-467
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• 1986

This study was conducted to investigate the contamination level of some heavy metals for common restaurant meals in Seoul area and further to estimate the total dietary intake of heavy metals from the meals. The samples included seolong-tang (beef and rice soup) or galbi-tang (beef-rib soup), yeukkye-jang (spicy beef soup), doenjang-chigye-bab (boiled rice with soy paste stew), bibim-bab (boiled rice with assorted mixtures), and bibim-naengmyon (buckwheat vermicelli with assorted mixtures), which were separated into drained residues and fluids and determined for their heavy metal contents by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The average concentrations of heavy metals in drained residues and fluids of 105 meal samples were 0.034 ppm, 0.017 ppm in Cd, 0.179 ppm, 0.073 ppm in Pb, 0.491 ppm, 0.308 ppm in Cu and 4.624 ppm, 1.403 ppm in Zn, respectively. The total amount of heavy metals per meal was $28\;{\mu}g\;Cd$, $145\;{\mu}g\;Pb$, $416\;{\mu}g\;Cu$ and $3654\;{\mu}g\;Zn$. The total dietary intake per day was estimated to give $84\;{\mu}g\;Cd$, $434\;{\mu}g\;Pb$, $1247\;{\mu}g\;Cu$ and $10960\;{\mu}g\;Zn$. Intake levels of Cd and Pb were higher than the daily intake limit established by FAO/WHO.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.219-228
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• 2012

A long-term R&D program for HLW disposal technology development was launched in 1997 in Korea and Korea Reference disposal System(KRS) for spent fuels had been developed. After then, a recycling process for PWR spent fuels to get the reusable material such as uranium or TRU and to reduce the volume of radioactive waste, called Pyro-process, is being developed. This Pyro-process produces several kinds of wastes including metal waste and ceramic waste. In this study, the characteristics of the waste from Pyro-process and the concepts of a disposal container for the wastes were described. Based on these concepts, thermal analyses were carried out to determine a layout of the disposal area of the ceramic wastes which was classified as a high level waste and to develop the disposal system called A-KRS. The location of the final repository for A-KRS is not determined yet, thus to review the potential repository domains, the possible layout in the geological characteristics of KURT facility site was proposed. These results will be used in developing a repository system design and in performing the safety assessment.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.63-72
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• 2017

This paper proposes a procedure to improve the operational efficiency of the automotive parts manufacturing process by applying classical IE techniques composed of process analysis, work method analysis, and motion analysis, and a specific application case is outlined. The proposed procedure was developed originally by the Task Force organized in L company's automotive parts manufacturing business unit. The balance efficiency and production capacity were used as measures of operational efficiency. The developed procedure follows the general procedure of analyzing the phenomenon at the manufacturing shop, deriving an improvement solution to solve the problem, evaluating each derived alternative, and implementing it to the field to achieve productivity improvement. Among the methods used in each phase of the procedure, function analysis used in the waste discovery phase and R&R evaluation method used in the alternative assessment phase are unique techniques developed by L company's TF. The R&R Evaluation method techniques are described in detail because this method is highly applicable and extensible. A case of applying developed procedures to improve the EPS motor manufacturing process is discussed. As a result, the line balance efficiency and production capacity were increased to a satisfactory level.