• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.206-213
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to provide basic informations for restoring a habitat of Nannophy pygmaea Rambur. Environments and flora of the habitats were investigated in Youngdong, Sanbuk, and Nongam South Korea. The habitats were abandoned paddy fields with tree-unshaded space and with the water depths of about 2 - 10 cm all the year round. The water quality was recorded 5.44 - 7.33 in pH, 0.017 - 0.480 dS/m in EC, 1.34 - 4.94 mg/L in T-N and 0.06 - 0.46 mg/L in T-P. The pH and EC showed a wide range values, and T-N and T-P showed a high values comparatively. This result implies that a water quality does not important as the condition for a habitat of the species. A total of 86 vascular plant taxa belonging to 35 families, 60 genera, 67 species, 2 subspecies, 14 varieties and 3 forma were recognized in the habitats. Twenty two species (25.6%) overlapped among the habitats; Equisetum arvense, Salix koreensis, Persicaria thunbergii, Stellaria alsine var. undulata, Hypericum laxum, Kummerowia striata, Epilobium pyrricholophum, Oenanthe javanica, Mosla dianthera, Utricularia vulgaris var. japonica, Plantago asiatica, Eupatorium lindleyanum, Juncus diastrophanthus, J. effusus var. decipiens, J. papillosus, Aneilema keisak, Alopecurus aequalis, Arthraxon hispidus, Carex dickinsii, Cyperus sanguinolentus, Eleocharis acicularis for. longiseta and E. congesta. Biological type was determined to be HH-R5-D4-e(t) type; HH 39 taxa (45.3%), R5 42 taxa (48.8%), D4 59 taxa (68.6%) and e (or t) 23 taxa (26.7%).

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.82-88
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• 2005

3D QSAR studies for the fungicidal activities against resistive phytophthora blight (RPC; 95CC7303) and sensitive phytophthora blight (Phytopthora capsici) (SPC; 95CC7105) by a series of new 2-alkoxyphenyl-3-phenylthioisoindoline-1-one derivatives (X: A=propynyl & B=2-chloropropenyl) were studied using comparative molecular field analyses (CoMFA) methodology. The CoMFA models were generated from the two different alignment, atom based fit (AF) alignment and field fit (FF) alignment. The atom based alignment exhibited a higher statistical results than that of field fit alignment. The best models, A3 and A7 using combination fields of H-bond field, standard field, LUMO and HOMO molecular orbital field as additional descriptors were selected to improve the statistic of the present CoMFA models. The statistical results of the two models showed the best predictability of the fungicidal activities based on the cross-validated value $q^2\;(r^2_{cv.}=RPC:\;0.625\;&\;SPC:\;0.834)$, non cross-validated value $(r^2_{ncv.}=RPC:\;0.894\;&\;SPC:\;0.915)$ and PRESS value (RPC: 0.105 & SPC: 0.103), respectively. Based on the findings, the predictive ability and fitness of the model for SPC was better than that of the model for RPC. The fugicidal activities exhibited a strong correlation with steric $(66.8{\sim}82.8%)$, electrostatic $(10.3{\sim}4.6%)$ and molecular orbital field (SPC: HOMO, 12.6% and RPC: LUMO, 22.9%) factors of the molecules. The novel selective character for fungicidal activity between two fungi depend on the positive charge of ortho, meta-positions on the N-phenyl ring and size of hydrophilicity of a substituents on the S-phenyl ring.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.24-36
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• 2000

Purpose : Many believe that the Sasang mentioned in the I Ching and the Sasang of Sasang Medicine (as expounded by Dr. Lee Je-ma in the book Longevity and Life Preservation in Oriental Medicine) refer to different concepts. This is untrue. In order to understand the thought patterns of Dr. Lee Je-ma and his book, it is necessary to first understand the concepts of the I Ching. The I Ching was the most respected text in Dr. Lee Je-ma time, and served as the foundation upon which his medicine stood. The purpose of this research is to understand the concept of Sasang in the I Ching and how it applies to the Sasang medicine. Method : The authors first defined the term Sasang according to the theory of I Ching. It was then discussed in relation to theories of modern science. Inferences were made as to how Sasang corresponds to the terminologies and concepts of modern science. The characteristics of Sasang interpreted through modern science were then applied to the physiology, pathology and pharmacology of Sasang Medicine. Results and Conclusion : 1. The Sasang theory of the I Ching organizes seemingly random and isolated natural phenomena into four distinct groups according to various attributes. The particular characteristics representing each of these four categories are known as Sasang. 2. The Sasang theory of I Ching has a strong correlation to the Theory of Relativity and the Theory of Complementarity, as well as the Digital and Fractal Theories. 3. By applying the Sasang Theory to various fields, the seemingly unrelated principles of physics, chemistry, biology and medicine can be seen as parts of a whole. 4. Sasang Medicine categorizes human morphology, physiology and pharmacology into four categories according to the characteristics defined by the Sasang Theory of the I Ching. 5. Grouping new discoveries of modern physics, chemistry, biology and medicine according to the Sasang Theory will bring to light the intricacies of the Sasang Theory while facilitating the incorporation of modern science into Sasang Medicine.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.613-623
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• 2015

To overcome the difficulties of discharge measurements during flood season, MWSCM(micowave water surface current meter) which measures river surface velocities without contacting water has been applied in field work since its development. The existing version of MWSCM is for floods so that its applicability is low due to the short periods of floods. Therefore the renovative redesign of MWSCM to increase the applicability was conducted so that it can be applied to the discharge measurements during normal flows as well as flood ones by extending the measurable range of velocity. A newly developed high-performance MWSCM for general use can measure the velocity range of 0.03-20.0 m/s from flood flows to normal flows, whereas MWSCM for floods can measure the velocity range of 0.5-10.0 m/s. The improvement of antenna isolation between transmitter and receiver to block the inflow of transmitted singals to receiver and the improvement of phase noise of oscillator are necessary for detecting low velocity with MWSCM technology. Separate type antenna of transmitting and receiving signals is developed for isolation enhancement and phase locked loop synthesizer as an oscillator is applied to high-performance MWSCM for general use. Microwave frequency of 24 GHz is applied to the new MWSCM rather than 10 GHz to make the new MWSCM small and light for convenient use of it at fields. Improvement requests on MWSCM for floods-stable velocity measurement, self test, low power consumtion, and waterproof and dampproof-from the users of it has been reflected on the development of the new version of MWSCM.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.47-55
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• 2016

Three Dimensional Printing (herein, 3D printing) not only gives novelty and interests to modern people but is also a spotlighted technology that could herald a new industrial revolution. The introduction of various 3D printing service platforms has enabled individuals to easily possess products designed through 3D printing. However, there are still many issues to consider until the era of new manufacturing, when 3D printing becomes available to the general public so that anyone can make and design products with 3D printing. For instance, there needs to be sufficient consideration and research on whether the current 3D printing services can prove their higher capability to produce products conventionally done by machines and hands through 3D printing, and on the meaning of selling a wide range of product families like those of most 3D printing service platforms to the consumers. This study, which was initiated in this context, aimed to gain insight on the directions that 3D printing services need to advance going forward by letting consumers have first-hand experience on 3D printing online service platforms with a wide range of product families and those with relatively limited services, and then asking them to answer multiple-choice and short-answer survey questions on the websites they wish to purchase from, diversity of designs, design satisfaction, perceived technical skills, perceived purchase satisfaction, perceived after-sales service(A/S). As a result, we were able to witness that consumers generally had a strong preference for services with a wide range of product families (e.g. Shapeways) compared to services with a narrow range (e.g. Digital Forming). We also verified that design diversity and the possibility of realizing the designs were the crucial aspects that need to be considered with 3D printing services. Moreover, we also carried out discussions on carrying out design consulting by securing a pool of designers from diverse fields, on providing web-based designing software that can be utilized even by beginners, and on operating shops both online and offline in order to provide more competitive 3D printing services.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.36-53
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• 1987

It is utmostly important to establish the efficient fitable way of peoples' active participation in primary health care especially in the areas where the public or governmental service input for the basic health care is insufficient like as in rural areas of Korea. In light of above reason, this study focused mainly on the evaluation of roles and activities of village health workers (VHWs) who were selected from grass- root level of village people in order to derive further motivation for active participation. This is believed to be a sort of feedback mechanisms. Actually, the authors collected the activity reports of VHWs who had been devoting themselves in the primary health care services of Jeomdong Area, of Yeoju Gun one of Korea University Community Health Action Programmes and survey record on the VHWs activity from correspondent people. 1 hose data were analyzed through computer programmed package. The activities performed by VHWs were limited to the performance in 1985 for conveniance. The summarized results were as follows; 1) General characteristics of VHWs. Among a total of 28 VHWs in the area, about 39.3g of them have been replaced up to the date since the implementation in 1983, because of moving out, occupational employment and of others. The age of majority (75.0%) lied between the range of 30-50, and educational background of 67.9% belonged to category of primary school graduation, about 50% of them experienced to be or were also entiled "chief of women club" of corresponding villages. 2) Work-load of VHWs. Each VHW was assigned for tasks of health care for average 55 households of 248 persons. They shared approximately 6 days a month for the activity in average and it covered 17 cases of basic health care in a month. A half of the VHWs performed home visits irregularly without solidified schedule. 3) Work performance analysis. Informations collected through VHWs were compared with data from official vital registration at local administration center "Myon Office" in 1985. VHWs collected 100.8 of new born, 116.2 of death, 58.3 of move in and 74.8 of move out in comparison with 100.0 of official registration each. Pregnant women of 79.8% of mothers among the total pregnancy of 94 which were confirmed as normally delivered or aborted cases by all means afterwards had been detected by VHWs as being pregnant and all of them received some of antenatal cares by VHWs. All(100%) of delivered women were detected by VHWs through home visits and they were cared postnatally. Whereas, according to the records of birth registration, the places of delivery were clinic in 33.7%, and mother's home in 66.3%, VHWs reported them to be clinic in 48.9%, midwifery in 20.2%. It was cleared that most of misinformation was caused by uncautious filling of birth registration at notification. Among the total of 717 eligible women under age 44 years, family planning status of 92.6% was reported by VHWs confirming practice of control to be 70.8% of reported fertile women. 4) Attitude of VHW on the roles and functions. Although 92.0% of VHWs expressed VHWs to be worthwhile, only 52.0% of them had dignity and satisfaction in their activity and 44.0% of them had passive attitude of working saying they followed direction regardlessly. Concerning difficulties in performance as a VHW, 60.7% of them pointed out lacking of medical and health related knowledge by themselves. Still, 64.0% of them thought visiting unfamilier house to be awful and 40.0% complained forms of activity to be difficult and hard. It was also revealed that 56.6% confessed lack of interest on community health service itself. Most of VHWs needed more educational training especially on clinical fields such as cares of gynecological diseases, hypertension, diabetes, and other chronic diseaes of the aged. Regular on-the-job basic trainings were said to be needed twice a year.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology develops, it is applied to various fields such as image, voice, and text. AI has shown fine results in certain areas. Researchers have tried to predict the stock market by utilizing artificial intelligence as well. Predicting the stock market is known as one of the difficult problems since the stock market is affected by various factors such as economy and politics. In the field of AI, there are attempts to predict the ups and downs of stock price by studying stock price patterns using various machine learning techniques. This study suggest a way of predicting stock price patterns based on the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) among machine learning techniques. CNN uses neural networks to classify images by extracting features from images through convolutional layers. Therefore, this study tries to classify candlestick images made by stock data in order to predict patterns. This study has two objectives. The first one referred as Case 1 is to predict the patterns with the images made by the same-day stock price data. The second one referred as Case 2 is to predict the next day stock price patterns with the images produced by the daily stock price data. In Case 1, data augmentation methods - random modification and Gaussian noise - are applied to generate more training data, and the generated images are put into the model to fit. Given that deep learning requires a large amount of data, this study suggests a method of data augmentation for candlestick images. Also, this study compares the accuracies of the images with Gaussian noise and different classification problems. All data in this study is collected through OpenAPI provided by DaiShin Securities. Case 1 has five different labels depending on patterns. The patterns are up with up closing, up with down closing, down with up closing, down with down closing, and staying. The images in Case 1 are created by removing the last candle(-1candle), the last two candles(-2candles), and the last three candles(-3candles) from 60 minutes, 30 minutes, 10 minutes, and 5 minutes candle charts. 60 minutes candle chart means one candle in the image has 60 minutes of information containing an open price, high price, low price, close price. Case 2 has two labels that are up and down. This study for Case 2 has generated for 60 minutes, 30 minutes, 10 minutes, and 5minutes candle charts without removing any candle. Considering the stock data, moving the candles in the images is suggested, instead of existing data augmentation techniques. How much the candles are moved is defined as the modified value. The average difference of closing prices between candles was 0.0029. Therefore, in this study, 0.003, 0.002, 0.001, 0.00025 are used for the modified value. The number of images was doubled after data augmentation. When it comes to Gaussian Noise, the mean value was 0, and the value of variance was 0.01. For both Case 1 and Case 2, the model is based on VGG-Net16 that has 16 layers. As a result, 10 minutes -1candle showed the best accuracy among 60 minutes, 30 minutes, 10 minutes, 5minutes candle charts. Thus, 10 minutes images were utilized for the rest of the experiment in Case 1. The three candles removed from the images were selected for data augmentation and application of Gaussian noise. 10 minutes -3candle resulted in 79.72% accuracy. The accuracy of the images with 0.00025 modified value and 100% changed candles was 79.92%. Applying Gaussian noise helped the accuracy to be 80.98%. According to the outcomes of Case 2, 60minutes candle charts could predict patterns of tomorrow by 82.60%. To sum up, this study is expected to contribute to further studies on the prediction of stock price patterns using images. This research provides a possible method for data augmentation of stock data.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.123-130
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• 2003

In this study, current status of domestic deer farms and its feeding were surveyed. The information of supply and demand of feed f3r deers including its industry were also examined and then analyzed to make fundamental data for deer farms and government policy. The results are as follows. 1. Over 40 years old farmers were about 63％ of total deer farms while 20­30 years olds were less than 1％ indicating that young people still evade agriculture. Moreover, considering education, over 52％ of the farmers have bachelor degree showing much higher rates compared to the other agricultural fields. The reason can be assumed that the labor burden is not serious in deer farming while it is not dirty job compared to the other livestock management. Those high­educated people can be easily trained as experts of deer farming to improve its international competition. 2. Most of investigated farms raise Korean spotted deers and Elk showing that the percentage of Elk has greatly increased(However, many farmers have complained about purchasing methods and they insisted that the sales organization should be controlled by government). 3. 57％ of total cost of production is for feed while most of feeds are imported from abroad. It indicated that it is urgent to make counterplan for saving feed cost. 4. It is necessary to develop feeds for deers in the near future while most of the examined farmers currently use normal assorted feed. Typical roughage sources feeds are rice straw, alfalfa hay, browses feed, and so on. Most of them are currently imported except the rice straw indicating urgently needed to develop domestic bulky feed. 5. The present questions are development of processed goods of velvet antler, establishment of reasonable management system, difficulty of velvet antler selling, feed supply, and so on. It is necessary for government and academic world to develop reasonable policy and scientific research program.

• Journal of the Speleological Society of Korea
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• no.63
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

The non-magnetic materials with non-conductive showing high structure dispersity were developed on the base of natural quartz and lava-scoria which was collected from Je-ju island in Korea, and treated by methane-chemical technology those were obtained novel properties of magnetization through the analyzing. Depending on the processing conditions and subsequent applications the materials produced by strong methane-chemical reaction (MCR) in alcohol solution showed concurrently magnetic, dielectric and electrical properties. The obtained magnetic-electrical powders classified by aggregate complex of their features as segnetomagnetics, containing a dielectric material as a carrying nucleus, particularly the quartz on that surface one or more layers of different compounds were synthesized having thickness up to 10～50 nm and showing magnetic, electrical and other properties. It was confirmed in magnetizing process that powders of quartz and lava-scoria produced by MCR were better oil adsorbent as of oleophilic and floating matter on water surface although their specific gravities are comparably more than 1 in quartz or less than unity, as that of water, in lava-scoira. Therefore, it will be Possible and very useful to remove low density and light gravity oil spillage in difficult recovery from sea and inland water contamination spread on water surface, by marine accident and ship sinking accident occurring frequently in recent years, by way of magnetic adsorbent conveyer system in continuous, if it could be built up the mass Production system of water-floating magnetizable oleophilic adsorbent materials with use of iow cost and good Qualify lava-scoria spread on volcano district in Je-ju island. And, there will also be urgent advent of necessity with strong possibility to develop useful applications of various magnetic functional materials include oleophilic adsorbent for removal of sea oil-contaminants and maritime pollutants, and other kinds of various utilities in industrial applications and practical uses of novel functional materials in the fields of environments and health care applications with in deep expectation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.718-732
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to provide data for the basic research to found the effective conservation and management plan for the Geumdangsil Pine Forest of Yecheon designated as Natural Monument No. 469. Furthermore, this paper suggest efficient sustainable forest preservation and using. In order to achieve the sustainable forest preservation, this study was to analyse topography, land use, tree growth, soil environment, forest usage and forest management, etc. According to analysis the results, the site area is located in the flatlands where is from 130 to 140 m above sea level. The around forest was transformed into agricultural land. The 565 individuals of Pinus densiflora grows in the forest, whereas, 25 trees was cut down or died. There are signs of 25 stumps. The most of 565 trees' diameter at breast height(DBH) was centerized between 30 cm and 50 cm, moreover, the average life expectancy of trees were 85.4 years. The oldest age of tree was estimated to be 200 years. The Sample trees of rate of branch growth is from 4.3 cm to 5.1 cm per year. The middle branch which is more vigorous growth grow 24.2 cm for 3 years. Moreover, the result of soil physico-chemical properties analysis of 7 plots, 4 categories which is soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphoric acid, specific electrical conductance was generally good, however, the 2 categories which is soil pH, exchangeable cation needed improvement. Currently, the site was not pressured by facilities and usage, however, there might be threaten by agriculture such as encroaching on forest. Therefore, there should establish comprehensive ecosystem management such as facility management, visitors management and operation management In this paper considered 4 fields that is ecosystem management, facility management, visitors management and operation management for sustainable management.