• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.1583-1587
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• 2015

Bile acids are endogenous metabolites that aid in the digestion and absorption of ingested fat and fat-soluble vitamins. However, high concentrations of deoxycholic acid (DCA) in the colon are associated with high incidence of colorectal cancer. In the present study, the binding of persimmon extracts to DCA in order to decrease inflammatory stress induced by DCA in a small intestinal epithelial cell line, Caco-2, was investigated. Young and ripened persimmons were extracted with distilled water (DW), ethanol, and acidic ethanol. Further, DW extract residue was re-extracted with acidic ethanol. Of the obtained extracts, acidic ethanol extract of young persimmon showed the highest bile-acid binding capacity. Moreover, acidic ethanol extract of young persimmon significantly inhibited nitric oxide production in Caco-2 cells stimulated with DCA and prevented significant reduction of trans-epithelial electric resistance. Based on these results, acidic ethanol extract of young persimmon can be used as a functional ingredient to enhance gastrointestinal health.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.344-349
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• 1988

Proteolysis of 7S and 11S soy protein-rich fraction(PRF) with commercial proteases(alcalase and pronase) apperently increased protein solubility at pH 5, heat coagulation and calcium tolerence, while decreasing emulsifying capacity and foam stability regardless of the kind of protein and protease used. However, the proteolysis decreased the protein solubility of 7S PRF at pH 6 and 11S PRF at pH 4. The proteolysis of 11S PRF increased oil absorption and foam expansion, while slight decrease or almost no change was noted on 7S PRF. Heat stabilities of the emulsion and kinetic viscosities changed very little by the proteolysis.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.204-211
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• 2008

Fish protein hydrolysates (FPHs) with different degrees of hydrolysis by treatment with alcalase, pronase, flavourzyme and trypsin and isolated peptide were prepared from Hwangtae (yellow dried pollack, Theragra chalcogramma). Hwangtae protein hydrolysate was fractionated according to the molecular weight into six major types of APO1 (1.3 kDa), APO2 (1 kDa), APO3 (<1 kDa), APACE (<1 kDa), APG1 (70 kDa) and APG2 (70 kDa) isolated from the hydrolysate using consecutive chromatographic methods. Soluble peptide were produced from Hwangtae and evaluated for their nutritional and functional properties. Some functional properties of FPHs were assessed and compared with those of egg albumin or the soybean protein. APO2 had the highest nitrogen solubility value (94.2%), emulsion capacity and emulsion stability of the Alaska Pollack peptide ranged from 12.4 to 39.5 (mL of oil per 200 mg of protein) and 44.0% to 77.5%, respectively. Highest and lowest fat adsorption values were observed for APG1 (9.9 mL of oil per gram of protein) and APO3 (3.8 mL of oil per gram of protein), respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.296-300
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• 2002

Bacterial cell surface components are the major factors responsible for pathogenesis and bioremediation. In particular, the surface of a Gram-negative bacterium cell has a variety of components compared to that of a Gram-positive cell. In our previous study, we isolated an isogenic mutant of Bradyrhizobium japonicum, which exhibited altered cell surface characteristics, including an increased hydrophobicity. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the mutant demonstrated that the O-polysaccharide part was completely absent. Meanwhile, a gel permeation chromatographic analysis of the exopolysaccharide (EPS) in the mutant demonstrated that it was unaltered. Since LPSs are known to have several anion groups that interact with various cation groups and metal ions, the mutant provided an opportunity to examine the direct role of LPS in metal binding by B. japonicum. Using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, it was clearly demonstrated that LPS was involved in metal binding. The binding capacity of the LPS mutant to various metal ions $(Cd^{2+},\;Cu^{2+},\;Pb^{2+},\;and\;Zn^{2+})$ was 50-70% lower than that of the wild-type strain. Also, through an EPS analysis and desorption experiment, it was found that EPS and centrifugal force had no effect on the metal binding. Accordingly, it would appear that LPS molecules on B. japonicum effect the properties, which precipitate more distinctly metal-rich mineral phase.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.582-590
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• 1987

Plasteins were synthesized from a peptic filefish protein hydrolysate by papain, $\alpha-chymotrypsin$ and protease(from Streptomyces griceus) under the optimum conditions of previous paper. L-glutamic acid diethylester and L-leucine ethylester were incorporated into plastein during the plastein reaction by papain. The structural changes of freeze-dried filefish meat, peptic hydrolysate, FPC and plasteins were observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM). The functional properties of plasteins also were measured. The solubility of plasteins was higher than that of FPC and the Glu-plastein had $95\%$ solubility in the range of pH 3-10. The dispersibility of Glu-plastein and protease plastein was similar to that of egg albumin, but those of the other plasteins were lower. The water holding capacity of plasteins was lower than that of egg albumin and C. Lipid absorption of Leu-plastein was tile highest, holding 1.80 ml/g, and that of the other plasteins was similar to that of egg albumin. The emulsifying activity of Leu-plastein was the highest, holding $61.2\%$, and that of Glu-plastein was the lowest, holding $50.7\%$. The emulsifying stability of plasteins was similar to that of the emulsifying activity. The emulsifying capacity of Leu-plastein was 384 ml/g(the highest), but that of Glu-plastein and $\alpha-chymotrypsin$ plastein was 248 ml/g(the lowest). The Leu-plastein shelved the highest foaming capacity, $373\%$. The foaming capacity of other plasteins was higher than that of egg albumin. The foaming stability of plasteins was superior to that of egg albumin. The viscosity of plasteins was lower than that of egg albumin. The microstructure of $\alpha-chymotrypsin$ plastein by SEM wassimilar to that of papain plastein, but other plasteins showed differences in their microstructure. The microstructure of Glu-plastein had a smooth shape.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.219-229
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• 2020

Recently, since atopic dermatitis is sensitive to skin irritation, it has been suggested that the development of a patch that can effectively exhibit adhesion and absorption to a specific local area while minimizing skin irritation, and capable of appropriate drug release should be given priority. In this study, we tried to develop a hydrogel patch that minimizes skin irritation, adheres effectively to a specific area, and promotes absorption. The atopic patch was formulated into a super-absorbent hydrogel sheet using a freeze drying method. Cell viability assay was carried out using keratinocytes (HaCaT cell) and fibroblasts (L929 cells). In order to investigate the physical properties, FT-IR, FE-SEM, porosity analysis and swelling behavior were investigated. As a result, the newly prepared HA-Dex hydrogel patch was verified by biocompatibility and physical evaluation. In addition, the manufactured hydrogel patch has sufficient moisture absorption capacity and can relieve itching of atopic skin, and is expected to be applied to various drug delivery products for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2000

Objective of research is obtain fundamental data of carbonized wood wastes for soil condition, de-ordorization, absorption of water, carrier for microbial activity, and purifying agent for water quality of river. The carbonization technique and the properties of carbonized wood wastes(wood-based materials) were analyzed. Proximate analysis showed the wood-based materials contains 0.37~2.27% ash, 70~74% volatile matter, and 17~20% fixed carbon. As carbonization temperature was increased, the charcoal yield was decreased. However, no difference in charcoal yield was found due to time increase. The specific gravity after the carbonization decreased about 30~40% comparing to green wood. The charcoal had 1.08~4.18% ash, 5.88~13.79% volatile matter, and 80.15~90.94% fixed carbon. The pH of plywood and particleboard(pH 9 at $400^{\circ}C$, pH 10 at $600^{\circ}C$ and $800^{\circ}C$) made charcoals was higher than that of fiberboard. The water-retention capacity was not affected by the carbonization temperature and time. The water-retention capacity within 24h was about 2~2.5 times of sample weight, and the Equilibrium moisture content(EMC) became 2~10% after 24h. EMC of charcoal from the thinned trees were 9.40~11.82%($20^{\circ}C$, RH 90%), 6.87~7.61%($20^{\circ}C$, RH 65%), and 1.69~2.81%($20^{\circ}C$, RH 25%). EMC of charcoal from the wood-based materials under $20^{\circ}C$, relative humidity(RH) 90% was similar to EMC of charcoal from the thinned trees(9~11 %). However, under $20^{\circ}C$, RH 25.65%, EMC of charcoal from the wood-based materials were higher(2~3%) than EMC of charcoal from the thinned trees. Every charcoal from the wood-based materials fulfilled the criteria in JWWA K 113-1947.

• Clean Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.102-108
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• 2020

In recent years, packed column has been widely used in separation processes, such as absorption, desorption, distillation, and extraction, in the petrochemical, fine chemistry, and environmental industries. Packed column is used as a contacting facility for gas-liquid and liquid-liquid systems filled with random packed materials in the column. Packed column has various advantages such as low pressure drop, economical efficiency, thermally sensitive liquids, easy repairing restoration, and noxious gas treatment. The performance of a packed column is highly dependent on the maintenance of good gas and liquid distribution throughout a packed bed; thus, this is an important consideration in a design of packed column. In this study, hydraulic pressure drop, hold-up as a function of liquid load, and mass transfer in the air, air/water, and air-NH₃/water systems were studied to find the geometrical characteristic for raschig super-ring experiment dry pressure drop. Based on the results, design factors and operating conditions to handle noxious gases were obtained. The dry pressure drop of the random packing raschig super-ring was linearly increased as a function of gas capacity factor with various liquid loads in the Air/Water system. This result is lower than that of 35 mm Pall-ring, which is most commonly used in the industrial field. Also, it can be found that the hydraulic pressure drop of raschig super-ring is consistently increased by gas capacity factor with various liquid loads. When gas capacity factor with various liquid loads is increased from 1.855 to 2.323 kg^-1/2 m^-1/2 S^-1, hydraulic pressure drop increases around 17%. Finally, the liquid hold-up related to packing volume, which is a parameter of specific liquid load depending on gas capacity factor, shows consistent increase by around 3.84 kg^-1/2 m^-1/2 S^-1 of the gas capacity factor. However, liquid hold-up significantly increases above it.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.325-331
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• 2005

Seedlings of two rice genotyopes, cvs. Ilpumbyeo and Gancheokbyeo, were exposed to 0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl in nutrient solution for nine days. Plants were collected at the interval of 3 days and organic and inorganic solutes in leaves and roots and antioxidative enzyme activity in leaves were determined. Under salinity, the accumulation of soluble sugars occurred considerably in the older leaves of stressed seedlings compared to younger leaves and roots. The endogenous Na+ contents markedly increased at higher NaCl concentration in leaves and roots of seedlings, though it was higher accumulated in roots. Salinity resulted in an excessive proline accumulation in the stressed plants. A more pronounced increase was observed in Gancheokbyeo leaves. SOD activity in Impumbyeo cannot found any remarkable change, whereas, in Gancheokbyeo, its activity was rapidly decreased. CAT and POD activities increased with an increase in NaCl concentration in both genotypes. In sum­mary, the high capacity of rice seedlings to overcome an unfavorable growth condition such salt stress appears to be related to an adequate partition of organic solutes between shoots and roots and to changes in absorption, transport and re-translocation of salts.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.172-177
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• 1993

To extract insoluble proteins from sesame meal residue by microorganism, the sesame meal residue was treated with crude enzyme solution of Bacillus sp. CW-1121. The foaming capacity of salt soluble protein was quite lower than that of water soluble protein and the foaming stability of salt soluble protein decreased abruptly in 10 min., while it sustained for 30 min in case of water soluble protein. Emulsion capacities of all the protein fractions showed minimum value near isoelectric point of protein and salt soluble protein had lower emulsion capacities than that of water soluble protein. The emulsion stability of the protein was relatively stable for 30 min at $80^{\circ}C$. Oil and water absorption capacities of salt soluble protein were higher than those of water soluble protein.