• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.28
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• pp.87-116
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• 2010

In elementary, environmental education have been doing in various subjects. The features of environmental instruction would be reflected on contents of environmental education and characteristics of each subjects. These contents of environmental education might be contained normative contents, and it is moral subject that treats these normative contents systematically. Then environmental instruction of moral subject in elemental school should be approach and inquire teaching contents related to environment education. In elementary school curriculum of moral subject, teaching contents related to environment are 'preciousness of life' and 'right views of Nature and protection of the environment'. By these contents, moral instruction can approach to life of animal and plants centered on the reason to take them preciously and relation between nature and humans centered on the moral consideration. It is a difference that approaches to the environmental education not by factual understanding but by normative understanding in moral instruction. It must be focused on ethical inquiry for normative approach and reserving identity of moral subject. Necessary conditions for ethical inquiry to the environmental instruction are moral status of things besides humans. For the ethical inquiry to the moral status of nature environments, teachers could be set the logic of instruction based on the developments of environmental ethics. Formal cohesiveness of environmental instruction could be developed in sequence of ethical inquiry on moral status to the life of animal, life of plants, and whole system of nature. For this, teacher could reflect on their instruction focused on some explanations. That is, it is explanation to the animal life based on the individual-extended human oriented ethics for human, plants life based on the individual-non human oriented ethics, whole natural system based on the holistic-non human oriented ethics. When teachers reflect these explanation, they can compose their instruction as 'finding something in common with humans and animals', 'reflection on the attitude to the commons', 'thinking about reasons on the different attitudes to the commons', 'the things that disappear as plants die', 'thinking on values about non organism'. These plan of instruction could be critically reconstruct by other teachers. But environmental consciousness by ethical inquiry should be hold on instruction to the environment reflected on identity of moral subject.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.459-483
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• 2010

This study aims to develop materials related to math education for the aged and to identify the effects of application as part of active measures to the aging society with its growing elderly population which is one of the greatest changes in our society. In this purpose, the necessity and objectives for development of materials of 'Silver Math' as education for the aged are explained. Developing and disseminating materials with a role as a program for intelligent needs and physical and spiritual health of the aged presents standards for development of more systemic and meaningful educational materials at this point of time when the importance of education of the aged increases to help the old enjoy qualitatively successful lives in later years in the perspective of lifelong education. Also it aims to present standards of contents and requirements in learning that are adequate and meaningful to old learners at the actual learning sites where education takes place only in terms of making good use of spare time while at the same time suggesting plans of teaching and learning as well as conditions for learning environment. Next, the effectiveness of 'Silver Math' are explored by applying developed materials to the aged. materials of 'Silver Math' for the aged with contents that are appropriate to the definitive and cognitive level of the aged are presented. The developed materials for mathematical activities are divided into 'computation of basic numbers' for those wishing to learn calculation and concepts of numbers, 'active math' that corresponds to definitive factors of old learners, facilitates leisure time through mathematical activities, and Improves communication abilities through cooperative learning among learners, and 'math with thinking power' to solve simple calculation problems by applying to various actual situations.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.105-129
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• 2016

The elements of mathematical processes include mathematical reasoning, mathematical problem-solving, and mathematical communications. Proportion reasoning is a kind of mathematical reasoning which is closely related to the ratio and percent concepts. Proportion reasoning is the essence of primary mathematics, and a basic mathematical concept required for the following more-complicated concepts. Therefore, the study aims to analyze the proportion reasoning ability of sixth graders of primary school who have already learned the ratio and percent concepts. To allow teachers to quickly recognize and help students who have difficulty solving a proportion reasoning problem, this study analyzed the characteristics and patterns of proportion reasoning of sixth graders of primary school. The purpose of this study is to provide implications for learning and teaching of future proportion reasoning of higher levels. In order to solve these study tasks, proportion reasoning problems were developed, and a total of 22 sixth graders of primary school were asked to solve these questions for a total of twice, once before and after they learned the ratio and percent concepts included in the 2009 revised mathematical curricula. Students' strategies and levels of proportional reasoning were analyzed by setting up the four different sections and classifying and analyzing the patterns of correct and wrong answers to the questions of each section. The results are followings; First, the 6th graders of primary school were able to utilize various proportion reasoning strategies depending on the conditions and patterns of mathematical assignments given to them. Second, most of the sixth graders of primary school remained at three levels of multiplicative reasoning. The most frequently adopted strategies by these sixth graders were the fraction strategy, the between-comparison strategy, and the within-comparison strategy. Third, the sixth graders of primary school often showed difficulty doing relative comparison. Fourth, the sixth graders of primary school placed the greatest concentration on the numbers given in the mathematical questions.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.70-107
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• 1992

This study was intended to assess the need of home nursing care and analyze the effect of home nursing care, and find out the problems during the performance of home nursing care for the chronic patients among the low-income people in urban area. Data collection by interview was carried out from Nov. 1991 to Jul. 1992. The main results were as follows; 1) Total subjects for the need assessment of home nursing care were 123 households wi th 488 persons in a urban poor area. Over half of households $(57.7\%)$ was teenage family. The overall living conditions were poor and the average monthly income was 580 thousands won. $74.8\%$ of subjects was covered by medical care insurance and only $4.7\%$ was covered by public assistance. The morbidity rate was $8.2\%$ among 488 subjects and $27.5\%$ of them was not treated at all, $30\%$ was treated in utilizing pharmacies or local clinics. 2) The subjects of home nursing care were 46 with Hypertension or DM who agreeded the participation of study among registered patients at a public health center in Incheon. Home visiting was performed at intervals per one month for one year. Most of them were the elder(mean age=61 years) and long term patients(7.8 years continued). Home nursing care was effective. That is, blood pressure(including systolic and diastolic pressure) was significantly reduced (t(n=22)=2.31, P=.031, t(n=24)=4.16, P=.000 respectively) and knowledge of disease(t(N=46)=-7.63, P=.000), attitude of disease (t(N =46) = -4.92, P=.000), and self-care(t(N =46) = -4.89, P= .000) were significantly improved through home nursing care. But there was no difference in blood sugar for diabetics between the beginning and the end of visits. At the beginning of visit for home nursing care, sex$(\beta=-0414,\;t=-3.012)$ and nursing need({3=.310, t=2.164) were influencing self-care, and duration of disease$(\beta=.297,\;t=2.106)$ and nursing need $(\beta=.385, t=20417)$ were influencing blood pressure, blood sugar level. Namely, the subjects who were male and had higher nursing need showed better self-care and the longer duration of disease and the higher nursing need were relationship with the better blood pressure and blood sugar level. At the end of visit for home nursing care after one year, the blood pressure and blood sugar level was influenced by age $(\beta.320,\;t= 2.242)$, duration of disease ($(\beta.352,\;t= 2.395)$ and nursing need $(\beta=.350,\;t=2.623)$ and self-care had no influencing factor. The higher age and the longer duration of disease and the higher nursing need were relationship with the better blood pressure and blood sugar level. 3) The problems that were found out during the performance of home nursing care were the absent of useful protocols for services and the clear evaluation base, and the difficulty of teaching elders who were the major part of our subjects.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.510-521
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to identify the differences of perspectives toward English education for infants between directors and teachers, and to find out perspectives of directors and teachers toward English education for infants. Research questions were developed as follows. 1. What was the current condition of English education for infants? 2. What were the differences of perspectives toward English education for infants between directors and teachers? The subjects of this study were 108 directors and 241 teachers of day care centers in Busan. The questionnaire consisted of three categories of general background, general perspectives, and conditions of English education in the classroom in charge. The results of this study were as follows: First, it was appeared that more than half of day care centers provided English education for infants, and infants of 24~36 months were mainly taught English for less than 30 minutes once or twice a week based on director's policy. English teachers were mostly Korean majored in English, and songs, finger plays, storytelling, games, repeating sentences based on picture card, picture books, and story books were mostly used teaching methods. Second, both directors and teachers thought that goal of English education for infants was motivation and interests in English, contents of English education were songs and finger plays, and Korean English teachers were appropriate for infants.

• School Mathematics
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.179-199
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• 2013

In this study we grasp what contents in the mathematics curriculum the students of multicultural and North Korean migrant families are vulnerable to and we would like to provide the bases to devise the appropriate teaching and learning methods for them. In order to this work we used the results of 2011 National Assessment Educational Achievement. We categorized students from multicultural and North Korean migrant families into children from international marriage family (born in country or immigrated), foreign family, and North Korean migrant family and compared each category with the whole students. First, for each school class we analyzed characteristics of academic achievement by ratio of achievement level, means of calibrated score, and percentages of correct answers in NAEA, mean percentages of correct answers by content domains, and percentages of correct answers by items. In addition to these we analysed items qualitatively and investigated study conditions in which the students of multicultural and North Korean migrant families have difficult times. In every subgroup the more ratio of advanced level decreases and ratio of below basic level increases the more school classes go up. Also these phenomena appear differently by each group and by content domain. For this reason by group, the supporting on learning will be needed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.482-491
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• 2018

This study was conducted to identify the conceptual definition and attributes of nurses' Tae-um based on the conceptual analysis method of Walker and Avant. The attributes of nurses' Tae-um were derived from the organizational culture, inexperienced new nurses that are victims, senior nurses that are perpetrators, alteration of teaching, verbal and physical violence experiences, and psychological and physical symptoms. The antecedents were due to excessive work, high work intensity, job stress, lack of workforce, poor working environment, lack of job ability of new nurses, organizational hierarchy, and power imbalance. Moreover, the consequences were physical and psychological symptoms, decreased efficiency, increased distrust, increased turnover intention, and decreased quality of patient care. Improvements of working conditions and social supports for expanding nursing staff and building a culture in which communication and mutual cooperation are used to solve the antecedents of Tae-um among nurses is necessary. This study suggests the need for more qualitative research on Tae-um in nurses, the development of tools that reflect the attributes of Tae-um in nurses, and the development of a program to improve the culture of Tae-um in nurses. This study is significant in that it provides a rationale for development of an adaptation program for new nurses by suggesting the antecedents of Tae-um and solutions for it.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.607-617
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• 2014

This article aims to explain some academic subjects based on the film, and accordingly investigate how they are to be converged and then educate individuals. The reasons why should be chosen as a text are as follows: this film is said to be fictional, but based on historical fact. Then, it attracts national attention. Third, it induces the spectators to judge the value of conscience, law, and morals, through the trial process, for themselves and leads them to raise the awareness of the historical, and political conditions at the time. Last, but not least, it contributes to the discourse on various type of men in contemporary days, by dint of analysis on the main characters. The results of the research are listed below: most of all, literature education(Korean language) could be proceeded with the help of epic analysis on . Secondly, considering the film develops the story using political allegory as discussion, along with the historic situation in those days, learning on history and politics could be made possible. Third, the film could be undoubtedly used to conduct the education of law and morality, forming the argument on required law and morals corresponding with ideological circumstance. Finally, education on film analysis could be conducted, by means of examination of the main characters. The analysis on the major characters helps to teach what it would be like for people to become the right ones, by both representing the members of society and determining the quality of life and relationship.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.207-214
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to compare the educational needs of public officials and private employees for health and welfare in order to improve education program. Data were collected from 2,290 public officials and 1,991 private employees and were analyzed using frequency analysis and independent sample t-test. Private employees recognized that education and training are more enough than public officials. In addition, private employees took the gathering training classes more than public officials. Private employees reported that they are more satisfied than public officials with regard to leader consideration, peers' will of participation and institutional conditions. However, public officials reported that they are more satisfied than private employee officials with regard to the degree of sharing of information and education for new policies. Public officials preferred three or two days of training, but private employees preferred one or two days. Both public officials and private employees preferred gathering training classes and blended learning as an effective education type. Based on this research, invigoration of health and welfare education and the management of its plan were discussed.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.111-128
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• 2011

This study was aimed at developing a common curriculum for the department of environmental education from 5 colleges of education. The need and background of curriculum reform can be summarized as follow; first, it has been recognized that new national curriculum of 2009 and 2011 created need for training teachers equipped with more integrated competency. Second, global environmental problems such as climate change and energy crisis asked for more responsible choice and action from all citizens. Third, the extremely low hiring rate resulted in the consideration of new working fields for teacher students majoring in environmental education. Fourth, the expansion of new environmental education paradigms including education for sustainable development called for practicing reconstruction of both contends and methods. From a series of research processes including analysis of current curriculum, DACUM, opinion survey and interest groups review, several new approaches for developing new curriculum had been identified as follow; first, content areas of environmental education should be extended beyond environmental natural science. Second, new learning approaches such as project-based learning need to be emphasized for strengthening the identity of environment as a separate subject. Third, more selective majoring system need to be applied in connection with environment government officials, researchers, and social environmental educators. It was recommended that the application of new curriculum developed by the study would be evaluated and managed by teaching conditions surrounding each of the five university members joined this developing processes. However, it needs to be noted that there is not much time because we had experienced zero hiring rate for the last 4 years and environmental policy and education programs are moving rapidly toward sustainable development.