• 아동학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.239-252
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• 2008

This study was to explore the causal relationship among teacher efficacy, teachers' approaches to instruction, and students' achievement goal orientation. Among the 278 6th grade students (average age: 12 years) who completed a self-report questionnaire during the second term, 230 (102 boys, 128 girls) returned the completed questionnaire (overall response rate : 82.7%). Measures of teacher efficacy, teachers' approaches to instruction, and students' achievement goal orientation were based on students' perceptions. Structural equation modeling tested relationships among the variables. Findings were that teacher efficacy influenced both students' achievement goal orientation and teachers' approaches to instruction. Teacher efficacy positively influenced teachers' mastery approach to instruction and students' mastery and performance approach goal orientations, whereas teacher efficacy negatively influenced teachers' performance approach to instruction.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.28-40
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• 1996

In the last 20 years, educators have made significant advances in their thinking about how students learn and what it is that teachers ought to teach. They attempted to teach thinking s kills and designed instructional programs to facilitate learning. The purpose of this study was to review metacognitive approaches in reading comprehension instruction, and to provide some practical implications to school teachers. First, this study reviewed the concept of metacognition. Metacognition can be divided by metacognitive knowledge and metacognitive experiences. Metacognitive knowledge consists of knowledge or beliefs about what factors interact to affect the outcome of cognitive enterprises. Metacognitive experiences are executive control of one's own cognitive process, which include planning, monitorning and evaluating. Second, this study attempted to investigate the processes of reading comprehension in the metacognitively based view. Third, this study reviewed three kinds of reading comprehension instruction. In the metacognitive approaches, instruction is viewed as constructive process in which teachers and students mediate and negotiate meaning from the instructional environment. In order to enhance reading comprehension, teachers should use examples, explicit instruction, modeling, and elaboration to provide sufficient scaffolding to students. The scaffolding gradually diminishes as students learn to use and apply the reading strategies on their own. Also, students should be encouraged to attribute successful reading to the use of appropriate strategies.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.201-225
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• 2022

This paper details case study vignettes that focus on enhancing the teaching and learning of geometry and measurement in the elementary grades with attention to pedagogical practices for teaching through problem solving with rigor and centering equitable teaching practices. Rigor is a matter of equity and opportunity (Dana Center, 2019). Rigor matters for each and every student and yet research indicates historically disadvantaged and underserved groups have more of an opportunity gap when it comes to rigorous mathematics instruction (NCTM, 2020). Along with providing a conceptual framework that focuses on the importance of equitable instruction, our study unpacks ways teachers can leverage their deep understanding of geometry and measurement learning trajectories to amplify the mathematics through rigorous problems using multiple approaches including learning by doing, challenged-based and mathematical modeling instruction. Through these vignettes, we provide examples of tasks taught through rigorous problem solving approaches that support conceptual teaching and learning of geometry and measurement. Specifically, each of the three vignettes presented includes a task that was implemented in an elementary classroom and a vertically articulated task that engaged teachers in a professional learning workshop. By beginning with elementary tasks to more sophisticated concepts in higher grades, we demonstrate how vertically articulating a deeper understanding of the learning trajectory in geometric thinking can add to the rigor of the mathematics.

• Educational Technology International
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.55-74
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• 2013

The diversity of students is getting increased in the contemporary classroom. To deal with the diversity, differentiated instruction (DI) should be considered as a way of providing alternative approaches to content, process and product according to the students' readiness, interest, and learning needs. Teachers have problems and difficulties in supporting different student's needs. In fact, teachers need proven tools including framework, guidelines or computing systems to help to practice DI in real context. According to the activity theory, tools influence on how people act and think and even their social practice, playing a crucial role in mediating the activities with people. In DI practice, there are also some studies about physical and abstract tools, but they have been not widely utilized by teachers in real schools. It means that more innovative tool to promote DI might be required. Therefore, to design a better tool to mediate the DI activities with teacher, case studies were conducted. In order to elicit the design implications, two physical and two abstract tools for DI practice were analyzed as case studies. Through the analysis of the case studies, eight design implications better to facilitate DI practice were suggested. This study has implications in suggesting design guidelines for teachers' tools to facilitate their DI practice by analyzing case studies in DI practices for an innovative tool in the educational practice.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.259-281
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• 2016

교육실습은 예비 교사들이 배운 이론을 실제 현장에서 적용해 볼 수 있는 기회를 제공한다는 점에서 중요하며, 이는 대학과 연계될 때 더욱 효과적이다. 이에 본 연구는 예비교사들이 교육실습 기간에 실행했던 수학 수업에 대해서 대학 강의 시간에 다시 논의하는 시간을 제공하였고, 교육실습 및 논의를 통하여 예비 교사들의 초등학교 수학 수업에 대한 비평이 어떻게 변하는지를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 예비 교사들은 교육실습 및 수업 논의 이후에 수학 수업요소 중 수학적 담화 측면에 더욱 주목하였으며, 교사와 학생을 모두 고려하여 수업을 바라보는 경향과 수업 상황에 대한 견해를 밝히면서 그에 대한 구체적인 대안까지 제시하려는 노력이 증가하였다. 이러한 분석 결과는 예비 교사들의 자기 평가 결과와도 상당 부분 일치한다는 점에서 주목할 만하다. 이와 같은 결과를 토대로 예비 교사들의 수학 수업에 대한 안목을 신장하는 방안 및 예비 교사 교육에서 교육실습을 지도하는 방향에 관한 시사점을 도출하였다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2006

In this research, we interviewed primary school teachers and students with hypothetical situations questions and got a comprehensive picture of the status quo of what is happening in the new mathematics classrooms of Mainland China, that is, teachers' conceptions of mathematics and their teaching approaches influence the students' conceptions of mathematics to a large extent. For the teacher who emphasizes the precision and rigidity of mathematics, her students focus on the superficial characteristics of mathematics. On the contrary, for the teacher who believes that mathematics is an open process, related to real life and rich in content, her students are more interested in mathematics and have more diverse conceptions.

• 한국초등수학교육학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.399-424
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• 2014

예비 교사 교육은 수업 전문성의 기초를 쌓는 시기라는 점에서 중요하지만, 이에 대한 연구는 미비하다. 본 논문은 예비 교사가 초등수학교육방법론 강의를 수강하면서 초등 수학 수업을 기술하고 비평하는 능력이 어떻게 변화했는지를 분석한 것이다. 연구 결과 수업 기술 측면에서는 강의 초반보다 후반에 수업의 핵심적인 단계에 더 주목하게 되었고 학습 내용에 적합한 수업 전략의 활용 여부에 주목하게 되었다. 수업 비평 측면에서는 전반적으로 수업 전략과 수학적 담화에 대한 내용에 대해 교사를 중심으로 평가적 수준에서 대안 없이 비평하는 비중이 높았다. 다만 강의 후반에는 교사와 학생을 함께 고려하고, 수학 개념이나 이론을 적용하여 비평의 근거를 마련하며, 해석적 수준에서 비평하는 비중이 높아졌다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 토대로 본 논문은 예비 교사 교육에서 초등수학교육방법론 지도와 관련된 시사점을 도출하였다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2001

Students' journals in science class are supposed to contribute to students' science teaming and to provide plentiful information on students' learning and progress. If interaction could be reinforced in the process of writing journals, the positive effects of the journals are expected to be increased. New approaches in teaching should be supported by school and community. Otherwise, teachers are frequently frustrated and failed to introduce new ways of instruction into science classes. The purposes of the study are to develop interactive journals, and approaches to introduce interactive journals at school level. The status and situation of the school were investigated by survey. Interactive journals were developed by teachers who experienced workshops on developing journals. A model journal was provided as a guidance to teachers. To establish environments for introducing journals in the school, an invited lecture was provided to increase parents' perceptions on journals. A communication system among students, parents, and teachers was established, and educational materials, such as encyclopedia, books, computers, and so on were prepared. For efficient administration of journals, various prizes and events were established. As a result of the study, teachers participated experienced professional development in terms of journals, interactive journals for science class were developed, the environments for the introduction of interactive journals at school level were established, and most students successfully completed science journals.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.17-22
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• 1988

Computer based instruction in the elementary science curriculum will be played an important role through the fifth curriculum reform from the 1989 school year. This is essential for the science instruction because the strategies on the problem-solvings and inquiry approaches can be utilized for the science classroom. Computer education can be thought as the education about the computer and the education using the computer. Of them the education using the computer means the computer assisted instruction(CAI) what is called all the possible activities using the computer in the classroom. Student achievement as the result of CAI depends on the learning activities of students and the instructional techniques and strategies of teachers using the computer. However, computer based education to enhance the student achievement is pointed out the lacks of the standardized Korean alphabet code and the compatibility of qualified software. These problems will be relieved according to the coding for the Korean alphabet of SUPER PILOT program language.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.137-173
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• 2021

Research and national standards, such as the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) in the United States, promote the development and implementation of K-12 interdisciplinary curricula integrating the disciplines of science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and computer science (STEM+CS). However, little research has explored how teachers provide epistemic support in interdisciplinary contexts or the factors that inform teachers' epistemic support in STEM+CS activities. The goal of this paper is to articulate how interdisciplinary instruction complicates epistemic knowledge and resources needed for teachers' instructional decision-making. Toward these ends, this paper builds upon existing models of teachers' instructional decision-making in individual STEM+CS disciplines to highlight specific challenges and opportunities of interdisciplinary approaches on classroom epistemic supports. First, we offer considerations as to how teachers can provide epistemic support for students to engage in disciplinary practices across mathematics, science, engineering, and computer science. We then support these considerations using examples from our studies in elementary classrooms using integrated STEM+CS curriculum materials. We focus on an elementary school context, as elementary teachers necessarily integrate disciplines as part of their teaching practice when enacting NGSS-aligned curricula. Further, we argue that as STEM+CS interdisciplinary curricula in the form of NGSS-aligned, project-based units become more prevalent in elementary settings, careful attention and support needs to be given to help teachers not only engage their students in disciplinary practices across STEM+CS disciplines, but also to understand why and how these disciplinary practices should be used. Implications include recommendations for the design of professional learning experiences and curriculum materials.