• ALGAE
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.349-375
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• 2006

The application of modern ecological, ultrastructural and molecular methods, aided by the cultivation of numerous cyanobacterial morphotypes, has substantially changed our knowledge of these organisms. It has led to major advances in cyanobacterial taxonomy and criteria for their phylogenetic classification. Molecular data provide basic criteria for cyanobacterial taxonomy; however, a correct phylogenetic system cannot be constructed without combining genetic data with knowledge from the previous 150 years research of cyanobacterial diversity. Thus, studies of morphological variation in nature, and modern morphological, ultrastructural, ecophysiological and biochemical characters need to be combined in a “polyphasic” approach. Taxonomic concepts for generic and infrageneric ranks are re-evaluated in light of combined phenotypic and molecular criteria. Despite their usefulness in experimental studies, the limitations of using strains from culture collections for systematic and nomenclatural purposes is highlighted. The need for a continual revision of strain identification and proper nomenclatural practice associated with either the bacteriological or botanical codes is emphasized. Recent advances in taxonomy are highlighted in the context of prospects for understanding cyanobacterial diversity from natural habitats, and the evolutionary and adaptational processes that cyanobacteria undergo.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.7-14
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• 2010

Ecological Risk Assessment (ERA) supports a decision-making process such as establishment of environmental quality criteria. Soil quality criteria (SQC) are essential to protect soil organisms from the exposure to various soil contaminants. In this study, ERA methodologies of advanced countries for soil pollution were extensively compared to propose the ERA approach suitable for soil ecosystem in Korea. The soil ERAs in European Chemical Bureau(ECB), The Netherlands, and Canada can be classified as deterministic ecological risk assessment (DERA), and probabilistic ecological risk assessment (PERA) based on species sensitivity distribution (SSD). We propose three ERA methods according to abundance and reliability of soil ecotoxicity data. The method considered land use such as residential/agricultural, and industrial/commercial uses. The taxonomic groups of soil organism were classified as 'Class' level including different trophic levels (Magnoliopsida or Liliopsida, Clitellata, and Insecta or Secernentea). This study can be used to estimate the soil quality criteria to protect soil biota.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.2 no.1 s.3
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• pp.1-38
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• 2002

Recently KISTEP(Korea Institute of Science and Technology Evaluation and Planning) held an open forum for examining 'the Manuscript of National Science and Technology Standard Taxonomic System'. I submitted my opinion letter to the forum because I thought that the matter of setting the standard taxonomic system for Science and Technology is so closely related to the research concern of STS that it needs checking from the viewpoint of STS. This paper primarily focuses on making a criticism of and constructing an alternative to the mamuscript, but it goes so far as to ground the matter upon the STS viewpoint. I propose that we interpret an open forum related to science and technology as an example case of the community of inquiry. Further I try, standing in the context of learning to form a model of doing STS interdisciplinary research. In the context of decision I point out the problem with the 'scale' principle involved in categrizing criteria of the taxonomic system and argue that the problem leads to omitting STS from National Science and Technology Standard Taxonomic System although STS takes up science and technology themselves as its research concern proper. In the context or teaming I seek to set up a typical case study or STS. One of the typical STS research tasks is trying to construct a positive alternative to as well as make a criticism of a given suggestion, for clearer alternatives will, in him, provoke sharper criticisms or safer acceptances. I hope that the model in this paper will exemplify such an alternating procedure of criticism and acceptance.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.453-460
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• 1997

The tissue types of stromata were observed intensively in four species of Hypoxylon under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). These stromata were sectioned with a freezing fracture method for observation. Several tissue types were recognized and stable in each species. This study presents the most intensive observation of tissue types of each layer of stromata. It will be useful for taxonomic criteria for the species level. However, the tissue types can not be major taxonomical criteria for the genus Hypoxylon.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47
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• pp.186-199
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• 2002

This is a brief review and discussion for present status and prospects of quality evaluation in medicinal plants as oriental medicine materials (OMM). Quality in medicinal plants could be defined as the combination of origin, external appearance, effectiveness and safety, and be evaluated by plant taxonomic, morphological, physiochemical and biological methods. For high-quality improvement and standardization of OMM, medicinal plants should be produced through using proper species or good variety and standard cultivation method in suitable cultivation area. Standardizing of quality means to meet with minimum qualifying criteria of OMM in the market while improving of quality to be over standard quality of medicinal piano in production. For making new high quality and standardized products, we need to keep standard field plants, standard OMM, standard plant specimen, and standard compounds. Researchers and administration have to study and propose the quality factors and their evaluating techniques and criteria, so high-quality and standardized produce of medicinal plane could be produced and distributed under the control of the relevant regulations, and would be contributed to increasing of national health.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.1-34
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• 2020

Purpose Due to the complexity of policy environment in modern society, it is accepted as common basics of policy design to mix up a variety of policy instruments aiming the multiple functions. However, under the current situation of written-down policy specification, not only the public officers but also the policy researchers cannot easily grasp such frameworks as policy portfolio. The purpose of this study is to develop "Policy Attributes Taxonomy" identifying and classifying the public programs to help making decisions for allocative efficiency with effectiveness-based information. Design/methodology/approach To figure out the main scheme and classification criteria of Policy Attributes Taxonomy which represents characteristics of public policies, previous theories and researches on policy components were explored. In addition, to test taxonomic feasibility of certain information system, a set of "Feasibility Standards" was drawn from "requirements for well-organized criteria" of eminent taxonomy literatures. Finally, current government classification system in the area of social service was tested to visualize the application of Taxonomy and Standards. Findings Program Taxonomy Schemes were set including "policy goals", "policy targets", "policy tools", "logical relation" and "delivery system". Each program and project could be condensed into these attributes, making their design more easily distinguishable. Policy portfolio could be readily made out by extracting certain characteristics according to this scheme. Moreover, this taxonomy could be used for rearrangement of present "Program Budget System" or estimation of "Basic Income".

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.62.2-62.2
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• 2013

It is considered that comets near the ecliptic plane have been injected into inner solar system from Kuiper-belt. Some of them are still active while others are dormant with no detectable tails and comae. These dormant comets have eccentric and/or inclined orbits, which are parameterized by Tisserand parameter TJ<3. In addition, dormant comets can be differentiated from asteroids based on the albedo, because they have low albedo (the geometrical albedos pv<0.1). The conditions of TJ<3 and pv<0.1 have been used as a criteria to discriminate dormant comets from asteroids. However, we must be more careful because there are 'contaminations' from the outer region, i.e. Jovian Trojans (5.05

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 1992

For the screening of new-functional and specific exopolysaccharide, a bacterium strain was isolated from soil through the two steps of screening. The isolated bacterium was identified as Bacillus polymyxa KS-1 according to the criteria of morphological, physiological, and chemical taxonomic analyses. The exopolysaccharide was composed of glucose:galactose: mannose and galactosamine in an approximate molar ratio of 1.00:0.36:1.02:1.10. The produced exopolysaccharide by Bacillus polymyxa KS-1 was found to be revealed new acidic polysaccharide which did not contain pentose, ketose, starch, and uronic acid.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.297-303
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• 1995

Four species of Symphyocladia growing along the coast of Korea were investigated in taxonomic point of view. Characters available for identification of the species were; difference in gross morphology, degree of cortication in vegetative axis, presence or absence of vegetative trichoblasts, and developmental pattern of stichidia. Vegetative structure and reproductive organs in developmental anatomy were similar among species. Branching pattern and occurrence of vegetative trichoblasts adopted for systematic criteria between Pterosiphonieae and Polysiphonieae, and between Symphyocladia and Pterosiphonia were no more confidential. The degree of congenital fusion of laterals with the parent axes was considered as only main character to distinguish Symphyocladia from Pterosiphonia.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.879-885
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• 2009

The present study was carried out to develop biological criteria for water quality assessment using benthic diatoms. Selecting of the indicator diatoms, three parameters were considered: broad distribution (180 taxa occurred over 3% at upper level), species abundance (158 taxa occurred over $1.5{\times}10^5cells/cm^2$), and sensitivity (184 taxa occurred more than once as 1st and 2nd dominant species). Overall, total 208 taxa were selected, including 38 varieties, 170 species, 34 genera, 9 families, 3 orders, and 1 phylum. The most dominant taxonomic group (family) was Naviculaceae (52%), followed by Diatomaceae (15%), Nitzschiaceae (12%) and Achnantaceae (11%). COD and TP were proposed as new water quality standards (draft) to improve the existing BOD standard and to manage and control efficiently non-biodegradable organic pollutants. With this regard, we used TP standard (draft) in developing biological water quality criteria for diatoms. TP standards (draft) proposed as Ia = 0.02 mg/L or less, Ib = 0.05 mg/L or less, II = 0.1 mg/L or less, III = 0.2 mg/L or less, IV = 0.4 mg/L or less, V = 0.6 mg/L or less and VI = above 0.6 mg/L. Biological assessment system (4 class system) was developed and proposed for diatom using modified Tropic Diatom Index (TDI). Biological assessment of TDI appear B grade (Good).