• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.3-12
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• 1995

In this research, we investigated the effect of three visual feedback conditions (direct viewing, one-monitor viewing, and tow-monitors viewing) on the task performance of human operator in teloperation task. The three different level of task difficulties under each concitions were performed by thirty-six subjects. The result of the experiments was analysed by the task difficulties, and the measurements of performance are the task completion time and the frequency of task errors. In a teleoperator, the participation of a human operator is always required, and the man-machine interface and the operator's abilities is an important issue. Recently, the different types of sensory feedback conditions(force, vision, sound, tactile, etc) for teleoperation is a very active research area in ergonomics. Among them, visual feedback conditon is an important sense that can provide the information of task environment. Therefore, the sufficient understandings and investigation for human ability under various visual feedback conditions is required to establish the efficient man-machine interface of teleoperation. The result showed that the visual feecback conditions and the level of task difficulties have a significant effect on the task performance. For three level of task difficulties, the task completion time was the shortest under the condition of direct viewing. The number of task errors under the conditions of direct viewing and two-monitors viewing were reduced by more than half compare to that of one-monitor viewing.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.327-340
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• 2011

In this paper we propose an inquiry task on the subject of congruent triangles. The task deals with conditions that are sufficient for congruency, and conditions that are insufficient. The aim of the task is to find the minimal number of identical components in two triangles that is sufficient to ensure congruency.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.405-408
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• 2012

Purpose: We examined the effect of dual-task and single-task training on serial reaction time (SRT) task performance to determine whether SRT is based more on motor or perception in a dual-task. Methods: Forty healthy adults were divided into two groups: the dual-task group (mean age, $21.8{\pm}1.6$ years) and the single-task group (mean age, $21.7{\pm}1.6$ years). SRT task was conducted total 480 trial. The four figures were presented randomly 16 times. A unit was set as 1 block that would repeat 10 times. Thus, there were a total of 160 trials for each of the three color conditions. The dual-task group performed an SRT task while detecting the color of a specific shape. The end of the task, subjects answered the specific shape number; the single-task group only performed the SRT task. The study consisted of three parts: pre-measurement, task performance, and post-measurement. Results: Differences of pre and post reaction time between two group was higher for the dual-task group as compared to the single task group and there was a significant interaction between time and group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results indicate that. short term period SRT is not quiet effective under dual-task conditions, individuals need additional cognitive processes to successfully navigate a task This suggests that dual-task training might not be appropriate for motor learning enhancement, at least when the training is over a short period.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.37-42
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• 2018

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of LED illumination and task difficulty on a person's long-term memory. Illumination levels of 400 lx and 1,000 lx were employed in this study, and task difficulty was set at learning 4 words (easy task) and 7 words (difficult task). The person's retention rate of the learned task was designated as a dependent variable. A total of 64 subjects participated in this study, and 16 participants assigned to each of the four sets of conditions. The results indicated that the retention rate for the difficult task under relatively dark 400 lx conditions was 68.49%, while and the retention rate was higher than 56.03% for 1,000 lx conditions. In addition, for the easy task, the retention rate was 67.97% and 56.55% for the 400 1x and the 1,000 1x conditions, respectively. However, the interaction between illumination and task difficulty was not statistically significant. The study results further suggested that long-term memory can be effective in relatively dark conditions and indirectly suggests that long-term memory may not follow the Yokers-Dodson law.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.33-47
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• 2002

This study examined the effects of conditions of generation(0, 1, or 2 cognitive operations) and task difficulty in children's recall. Subjects were 40 children in each age group, 8-year-olds and 10-year-olds. Each subject was shown 12 simple or difficult multiplication problems in one of the conditions of generation. After a buffer task, subjects were required to recall correct answers to the problems in random order. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and simple main effect analyses. Results showed that generation effect(GE) occurred among children younger than 12, and GE improved with age. Learning from cognitive operations was more effective than learning through simple repetition. Easier tasks led to greater GE, a phenomenon explained by procedures used in this study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.24 no.69
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• pp.51-64
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• 2001

A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of working posture. work/rest ration, and task type on the physical workload in automobile assembly jobs. Ten healthy male university students participated as subjects in the experiment. East subject performed 18 experimental session with combination of 3 working posture 3 work/rest ratio and 2 task types. To examine the effect of various working conditions on workload, DMG analysis was performed on 4 different muscles in the neck an arm area, Also RPE scale and heart rate were taken as response variables. The result showed that all working conditions considered in the experiment had significant effects on the workload concluding that labor intensity in auto assembly jobs should be adjusted with respect to different levels of working posture, work/rest ratio, and task type. Detailed analysis are presented in the paper.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.777-792
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• 2022

Purpose: This paper investigates the effects of leader feedback on employee creative problem-solving behavior. It also explores the relevant conditions that maximize the above relationship from the psychological trait and task nature perspectives. Specifically we examine how employee feedback acceptance and task complexity moderate the relationship between leader's feedback behavior on follower creative problem-solving behavior. Finally the three-way interaction among leader's feedback behavior, employee feedback acceptance and task complexity is analyzed for the best conditions to maximize the positive effect of leader's feedback on creative problem solving behavior. Methods: This paper used a cross-sectional design with questionnaires administered to 411 employees working in Korean manufacturing and service firms. It applied a hierarchical regression analysis to test the hypothesized relationships including three-way interaction effect among leader's feedback behavior, follower feedback acceptance and task complexity on follower creative problem-solving behavior. Results: The empirical results of the paper indicated that the leader feedback behavior had enhanced employee creative problem-solving behavior. It was also found that follower feedback acceptance and task complexity positively moderated the relationship between leader's feedback and follower problem solving behavior. In addition, the test of three-way interaction effects also revealed that the higher the levels of both employee feedback acceptance and task complexity, the greater the positive effect of leader feedback behavior on employee creative problem solving behavior. Conclusion: This paper contributes to the leadership and creativity literatures by identifying the role of leader's behavior enhancing employee creative problem-solving behavior and the specific conditions strengthening the positive effect of leader feedback behavior on employee creative problem-solving behavior.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.305-310
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• 2013

This user-centered research aims to empirically evaluate color temperature (K) and illuminance (lx) of residential bathroom lightings to determine the most optimal lighting conditions for productive task performance as well as for satisfying users' emotional needs. Using 3 LED lighting fixtures, 4 types of lighting contexts were investigated; main lighting, task lighting, shower lighting, and bath lighting. Two lightings were installed parallel to the vertical edges of the main bathroom mirror to be used as main and task lighting, while another fixture was installed above the bathtub to be used for shower and bathing. For each lighting context, subjects (N＝54) were instructed to perform a few tasks during which time the users were exposed to different lighting conditions with color temperature ranging from 2700 K ~ 6500 K and illuminance ranging from 100 lx ~ 700 lx. Upon completing the given tasks, subjects were asked to evaluate the lighting conditions and their applicability for performing the given tasks. Based on the user evaluations, the most optimal lighting conditions for the different lighting scenarios are as follow: 1) 3500 K ~ 4300 K and 150 lx for main lighting, 2) 3500 K ~ 4300 K and 500 lx ~ 700 lx for task lighting, and 3) 2700 K ~ 3500 K and 100 lx ~ 150 lx for shower/bath lighting. These results can be used to adjust the lighting standards suggested by KS, as well as be utilized by both engineers and designers in designing new types of user-centered bathroom lightings.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 2021

As the role of robots expands, flexible task planning methods are attracting attention from various domains. Many task planning frameworks are introduced to efficiently work in a wide range of areas. In order to work well in a broad region with multiple robots, various communication conditions should be controlled by task planning frameworks. However, few methods are proposed. In this paper, we propose mission planning methods according to the communication status of robots. The proposed method was verified through experiments assuming different communication states with a multi-robot system.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.71-93
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• 2013

Multitasking has become part of our life. Self-interruption and switching to another task become easier and more frequent. According to previous studies, however, most of the task-switching incurs a cognitive cost. This study investigated the benefit from task switching. In Study 1, participants performed two tasks were similar, and negative correlation between the number of task switching and performance were confirmed, this result is similar to previous studies. Study 2 has shown that, made a comparison of two conditions, between possible and impossible conditions in terms of task switching. Depending on switching preference, the result of task performance has differentiated and the emotion that participants had before the task has changed. Depending on participants' switching preference, there were different amount of switching cost. Moreover, for participants who preferred task switching highly than others, task switching occurred more benefit than cost.