• Clean Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2005

This paper is about a new method of synthesis organic tanning agent (polymer, polyphenol, polyresin) and discusses their tanning property. It was found that properties of the leather manufactured with application of organic tanning agent were similar to those applied with conventional chrome tanning agent and reducing effects of Cr, T-N, COD, SS concentrations in the effluent.

• Clean Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2004

Domestic leather company is working hard to solve present environmental problem. Leather industry is realized by representative pollution industry. An advanced nation is trying to develop clean technology by collaborating research institute with the chemical company, and tannery. This research introduced information that is gained through technical transfer in leather processing. This project started to solve environmental problem of leather industry. Specially the environment and economic problem is caused from chrome which exists in the waste water or solid waste. Representative technologies, reduced chrome tanning, non-chrome tanning method, are being introduced through transfer. Also lightweight leather development advances the research which uses non-metal tanning agent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.8
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• pp.63-73
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• 2008

From the ancient Korea to the late Joseon Korean fur and leather had been preferred in and out of Korea for their good quality and excellent manufacturing skill. Since Unified Silla (A.D.676${\sim}$A.D.936) Korean fur and leather were manufactured divisionally by workmen specialized in materials and products, and such manufacturing process was succeeded to Goryeo and Joseon. Manufacturing of fur and leather was consisted of as follows: hunting and butchering - peeling - beating with a paddle and removing fat - oil manufacturing - drying - tanning, then cutting and sewing, and there was a special caring method. In order to make good fur and leather, each process of manufacturing needed particular techniques and all available methods were tried to have tender fur and leather by using smoking, excrement, lime, vegetable tannin and even cerebral liquid. And also required mouth-chewing and hand-pounding with a lot of time and of labor Keeping furs resilience and flexibility, sowing several skins together, even when the after-all-process skin was converted into clothes, was much more difficult than sewing fabric. Thus, the manufacturing cost was as much expensive as skin materials, and the volume of manufacturing of fur and leather was also limited. Therefore, fur and leather must have been popular for scarcity value in the manufacturing process, and this scarcity must have caused an extreme luxury of fur.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.122-134
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• 2022

This study is conducted on hardening leather with improved firmness and stability of shape, based on research on types and thickness of leather. The purpose of this study is to test the physical properties of the leather for molding to prepare the foundation for leather molding based on the test results using four methods by thickness of Vegetable and Split. The tests were conducted using a total of five leather types, including three types of vegetable leathers and two types of split, by thickness. Based on the testing method for leathers in KS M 6882, the tests were performed at 27℃ with relative humidity of 65±20%. The samples were prepared with cowhide, size 9cm× 2cm. The measurement parameters are length and width. thickness, volume, mass, density. Regarding the hardening treatment method, changes in appearance and major physical characteristics of leather were reviewed by soaking in hot water, dry heating, hammering, waxing, and olive oil coating. The study results are as follows. In planar works, it is judged that hardening work using a hammer is more suitable for stiffness or density in order to prevent easy breakage with adult muscle density, rather than boiling water or baking. In conclusion, there is no curling, soot, or breaking phenomenon, and the densest curing method is 50℃ for 20 sec of V2 and 75℃ for 60 sec of V2 in boiling water. The combination of paraffin treatment improve waterproof and quality.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1993

This study was to examine the anti-bacteria effect of chrome-tanned garment leathers by various processes to article from hide. Anti-bacterial test by halo test and shake flask method, and pH value measurment are carried out in this study. The results can be obtained as follows: 1. In the soaking process of chrome-tanned garment leathers, it needs more effective anti-bacterial treatment. 2. pH value of samples by various processes has affected to anti-bacteria effect. 3. Chrome used by the tanning and the neutralization process have been found to be the anti-bacteria activity. 4. The dyeing, the fatliquoring and the finishing process has required anti bacteria treatment.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 1976

The hitherto existing gap in the field of chromatographic methods has been filled by the direct coupling of a suitable oven (TAS-oven) with TLC. The sample to be examined is heated either isothermally or linearly within the temperature gradient of $50{\sim}450^{\circ}C$. The volatile and/or thermolytically evolved substances are fractionated on the TLC-layer and subsequently chromatographed under standard conditions. Transport mechanisms from the sample to the TLC-layer, applications of the TAS-procedure and further developments are discussed. Thermofractography, developed from the TAS-procedure, is demonstrated on different groups of natural substances such as alkaloids, amino acids, nucleic acids. nucleosides, nucleotides, triglycerides and other lipids, pyrone glycosides and aglycon. Experimental work and results on the thermolysis of macromolecular natural and synthetic substances, natural polyphenols, tanning agents and leather and the possibilities of differentiating various lignins, carbohydrate and synthetic polymers are reported. Further, it is shown that classical reactions in the microgram range, e.g. zinc dust distillation, sulphur-and selenium dehydrogenation and catalytic dehydrogenation, can be coupled directly with TLC. Also described is a method which allows to investigate the gaseous compounds evolved during thermofractography in the range of up to $450^{\circ}C$. Thermal procedures coupled with TLC open up the following new possibilities for chemical microanalysis: fractionated separation of distillable and sublimable components, fractionated thermolysis and carrying out of thermal reactions in the ultra micro range.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.395-406
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• 1993

This experiment was carried out to develop an artificial diet and a mass rearing system, which is essentIal in the pheromone research for Ostrmia furnacalis. Component deletion and addit.ion methods were applied t.o define the nut.ritional Importance of some components, especially yeast, Wesson's salt mixture and vitamin complex. Secondly we have developed a proper rearmg syst.em for O. furnacalis. and also tried to find out the factors affecting rapid sclerotization (dark-canning) of pupae. AddItion of yeast raIsed the pupal weight. and pupation rate. However Wesson's salt mixture got the female pupae lighter. Vitamin complex as a substitue for yeast showed a good survivahty in an early larval stage buL pupal weight was lower than that of the individuals reared on the yeast dIet. Also corrugated cardboard was found to be very good for pupation. And the rate of dark~tannmg in pupae was higher as the period of larval development was shorter.

• Advances in nano research
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.441-449
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• 2023

Heavy metals, widely present in the environment, have become significant pollutants due to their excessive use in industries and technology. Their non-degradable nature poses a persistent environmental problem, leading to potential acute or chronic poisoning from prolonged exposure. Recent research has focused on separating heavy metals, particularly from industrial and mining sources. Industries such as metal plating, mining operations, tanning, wood and chipboard production, industrial paint and textile manufacturing, as well as oil refining, are major contributors of heavy metals in water sources. Therefore, removing heavy metals from water is crucial, especially for safe water supply in swimming and water sports. Iron oxide nanoparticles have proven to be highly effective adsorbents for water contaminants, and efforts have been made to enhance their efficiency and absorption capabilities through surface modifications. Nanoparticles synthesized using plant extracts can effectively bind with heavy metal ions by modifying the nanoparticle surface with plant components, thereby increasing the efficiency of heavy metal removal. This study focuses on removing lead from industrial wastewater using environmentally friendly, cost-effective iron nanoparticles synthesized with Genovese basil extract. The synthesis of nanoparticles is confirmed through analysis using Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction, validating their spherical shape and nanometer-scale dimensions. The method used in this study has a low detection limit of 0.031 ppm for measuring lead concentration, making it suitable for ensuring water safety in swimming and water sports.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.31 no.1 s.49
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• pp.111-114
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• 2005

This study is about the cosmeceutical products using enzyme induced bio-conversion system. In general, ascorbic acid (AA) has the higher reducing activity and can be used for various purpose in the cosmetics. But it is very unstable in the aqueous system and difficult to maintain its stability in the cosmetics product. 2-O-$\alpha$-D-Glucopyranosyl-L-ascorbic acid (AA2G) is the stabilized form of AA and showed the less whitening activity than AA. In this study, we developed bio-conversion system improving the stability and efficacy of AA2G and AA, respectively. In this system, AA2G (over $80\%$) can be converted to AA and glucose within 30 min. The converted product showed higher anti-tyrosinase activity like AA (AA2G showed no anti tyrosinase activity) and depigmenting activity in the artificial tanning test. From these results, we could conclude this system is a brand new method to increase the activity of AA and maintain its stability.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.11-19
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• 1979

This has been carried out how the sericin insoluble fixations of raw silk should be with potassium alum. This is learned from the leather tanning technique which the process works with collagen, a kind of proteins. Former reports had shown such works, however, they did not consider the moisture absorbability after their process reports by using chromium alum, formalin or vinyl acetate grafting. This report, however, paid attention to protect such absorbability as well as sericin fixation, so far it may be useful for plactical use of silk. In order to clear how the sericin is fixed with such chemicals, fundermental mechanism of weding process and chemical reaction against proteins were also discussed. The obtained results of the report are as followings. 1. Alum should not be treated for raw silk with high temperature bath like other reports because such treat induces raw silk to be stiffly after the treat. 2. It is recommended that raw silk should be treated with alum solution at room temperature for more than three hours. Even in this case, the use of only alum with raw silk could to fix sericin some how, but it increased the water proofness of the silk. 3. 1% of alum solution was found to be able to fix the sericin of raw silk. 4. In case we consider only sericin fixations, a combination treat of 1% alum for three hours and 0.5% NaOH for ten minutes method showed the best result. 5. In case we consider sericin insoluble fixation and moisture absorbility, the reversive combination of the above process was found to be the best results. 6. Sericin fixing evidence was shown with drying feature curves of wed each treated silk where we could to analyze how the chemical nature is changed after each treat. 7. Deguming ratio may be obtained up to 4.3% after the alum combination treat with regular raw silk. Such ratio was considered to be good enough for the purpose when the textile is washed with warm soap water. 8. Moisture absorbability of the combination treat of alum and NaOH was found to be good enough as well as non treated silk. 9. The tenacity and elongation of the treated silk did not change even after three month. 10. Above all, this method is considered to be better process than other coloured fixing (tannin method. Cr-alum method) or smell fixing (formalin method. vinyl acetate method).