• Wind and Structures
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.75-96
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• 2008

A better understanding of tornado-induced wind loads is needed to improve the design of typical structures to resist these winds. An accurate understanding of the loads requires knowledge of near-ground tornado winds, but observations in this region are lacking. The first goal of this study was to verify how well a CFD model, when driven by far field radar observations and laboratory measurements, could capture the flow characteristics of both full scale and laboratory-simulated tornadoes. A second goal was to use the model to examine the sensitivity of the simulations to various parameters that might affect the laboratory simulator tornado. An understanding of near-ground winds in tornadoes will require coordinated efforts in both computational and physical simulation. The sensitivity of computational simulations of a tornado to geometric parameters and surface roughness within a domain based on the Iowa State University laboratory tornado simulator was investigated. In this study, CFD simulations of the flow field in a model domain that represents a laboratory tornado simulator were conducted using Doppler radar and laboratory velocity measurements as boundary conditions. The tornado was found to be sensitive to a variety of geometric parameters used in the numerical model. Increased surface roughness was found to reduce the tangential speed in the vortex near the ground and enlarge the core radius of the vortex. The core radius was a function of the swirl ratio while the peak tangential flow was a function of the magnitude of the total inflow velocity. The CFD simulations showed that it is possible to numerically simulate the surface winds of a tornado and control certain parameters of the laboratory simulator to influence the tornado characteristics of interest to engineers and match those of the field.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.156-161
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• 2004

To predict the direction of the fatigue crack initiated from a hole under various types of biaxial fatigue loads with different phase difference and biaxiality, fatigue parameters were investigated. Axial and torsional biaxial fatigue loads were selected with the respective combination of five different phase differences of 0, 45, 90, 145 and 180 degrees and five biaxialities of 0, $1/{\sqrt{3}}$, 1, ${\sqrt{3}}$, ${\infty}$. Directions of the fatigue crack initiation around the hole were found to approach to the circumferential direction of the specimen with increment of the phase difference for fatigue tests with phase differences less than $90^{\circ}$. Whereas directions for tests with phase differences greater than $90^{\circ}$ went away from the circumferential direction and those were symmetric to the directions for tests with phase difference less than $90^{\circ}$. With increase of biaxilities, the fatigue crack initiated more apart from the circumferential direction of the specimen. These crack initiation direction were predicted using maximum tangential stress range and maximum shear stress range obtained at far-field and around the hole. Comparing these two stress parameters, The crack initiation direction can be successfully explained by using the direction of the maximum tangential stress range obtained around the hole and at far-field.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.1823-1834
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• 2018

The position vector field x is the most elementary and natural geometric object on a Euclidean submanifold M. The position vector field plays very important roles in mathematics as well as in physics. Similarly, the tangential component $x^T$ of the position vector field is the most natural vector field tangent to the Euclidean submanifold M. We simply call the vector field $x^T$ the canonical vector field of the Euclidean submanifold M. In earlier articles [4,5,9,11,12], we investigated Euclidean submanifolds whose canonical vector fields are concurrent, concircular, torse-forming, conservative or incompressible. In this article we study Euclidean submanifolds with conformal canonical vector field. In particular, we characterize such submanifolds. Several applications are also given. In the last section we present three global results on complete Euclidean submanifolds with conformal canonical vector field.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.267-271
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• 2005

We study hypersurfaces in the Euclidean space with the following property: the tangential part of the position vector has constant length. As a result, we prove that among the connected and complete hypersurfaces in the Euclidean space, only the hypersphere centered at the origin satisfies the property.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.247-252
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• 2021

Let M be a real hypersurface in a complex space form M_n(c), c ≠ 0. In this paper, we prove that if (∇_Xϕ)Y + (∇_Yϕ)X = 0 holds on M, then M is a Hopf hypersurface, where ϕ is the tangential projection of the complex structure of M_n(c). We characterize such Hopf hypersurfaces of M_n(c).

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.260-270
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• 2012

This work aims to present a theoretical analysis of the electric and magnetic surface current densities of a circular microstrip antenna (CMSA) as a body of revolution. The rigorous analysis of these problems begins with the application of the equivalence principle, which introduces an unknown electric current density on the conducting surface and both unknown equivalent electric and magnetic surface current densities on the dielectric surface. These current densities satisfy the integral equations (IEs) obtained by canceling the tangential components of the electric field on the conducting surface and enforcing the continuity of the tangential components of the fields across the dielectric surface. The formulation of the radiation problems is based on the combined field integral equation. This formulation is coupled with the method of moments (MoMs) as a numerical solution for this equation. The numerical results of the electric and magnetic surface current densities on the outside boundary of a CMSA excited by $TM_{11^-}$ and $TM_{21^-}$ modes are presented. The radiation pattern is calculated numerically in the two principle planes for a CMSA and gives a good results compared with measured results published by other research workers.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2016

In this study the contralateral breast skin dose was decreased. It was to apply the results to the clinical study after analysis of different radiation dose amounts to contralateral breast with nonmagnetic bolus and without nonmagnetic bolus. A Rando phantom was computed tomography (CT) simulated, five treatment plans were generated: open tangents, open field in field, wedge 15, wedge 30, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) plan with 50.4 Gy to cover sufficient breast tissue. Contralateral breast skin dose was measured at 8 points using a glass dosimeter. The average contralateral breast dose using nonmagnetic bolus showed better excellence in decreasing the absorbed dose in the order of $168{\pm}11.1$ cGy, $131{\pm}10.2$ cGy (29%), $112{\pm}9.7$ cGy (49%), and $102{\pm}9.5$ cGy (64%) than changing the treatment plan. This study focused on decreasing the effect of scattered dose by use of a nonmagnetic bolus on the contralateral breast during radiotherapy in breast cancer patients and an intriguingly significant decrease was observed parallel to the opposed beam.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.59-65
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• 1992

유방암은 여성암 가운데 세계에서 가장 빈도가 높으며, 한국에서도 세번째로 많은 것으로 보고하고 있다. 유방암에서 방사선치료는 photon beam를 이용하여 tangential field로 치료하거나 electron beam를 이용하여 치료하는 것이 보편적이다. 치료범위 내부의 밀도와 tumor까지의 깊이는 방사선치료에서 선량분포를 결정하는 중요한 요소들이다. CT planning를 이용하면 이러한 요소들을 정확하게 산출하여 선량과 선량분포를 결정하는데 이용할 수 있다. 저자들이 유방암 환자 65명중 전자선으로 치료를 받은 45명을 분석한 결과 cheast wall의 두께와 internal mammary lyphnode의 깊이가 1.5cm 이하인 경우에는 6MeV의 에너지가 적적함을 보여 주었으며, 1.5cm에서 2.0cm까지는 9MeV의 에너지가, 2.0cm에서 2.5cm까지는 12MeV의 에너지가 적절함을 보였다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2002

This Paper describes an algorithm for the design of axi-symmetrical spacer under specified field conditions. The electric field alas been calculated by combination method of Integral Equation Method(IEM) and Charge Simulation Method(CSM). The contour of spacer is represented with NURB(Non-Uniform Rational B-spline) curve of which effectiveness has been proved. This algorithm introduces a design process in the aspect of electrical field, when a spacer in airtight cylinder is designed. Also various field conditions for obtaining optical shapes have been proposed. Due to the algorithm, the entire process shows a stable convergence. Both tangential and total electrical field are taken into consideration as specified field criteria.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.82-91
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• 2003

The study of swirl flow has been of technical and scientific interest because it has an internal recirculation field and its tangential velocity is related to the curvature of the streamline. The fluid flow for ducts or elbows of an internal engine has been much studied through numerical methods and experiments, but studies about swirl flow has been insufficient. Using the PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) method, this study found the time-mean velocity distribution, time-mean turbulent intensity, with swirl and without swirl flow for Re=10,000, 15,000, 20,000, and 25,000 along longitudinal sections and the results appear to be physically reasonable. In addition, axial velocity distribution is compared with that of Jeong's, Kodadadi's and Murakami's. It was found that the highest velocity of swirl and non-swirl flow occurs in the opposite position at the center of a round tube, $\phi$=45$^{\circ}$