• 전기학회논문지
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• 제66권2호
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• pp.439-446
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• 2017

Portable low-cost Kinect sensor was used to analyze standing balance ability of the elderly. Eighty subjects who can walk alone and have a normal cognitive level participated in this experiment. Based on Berg Balance scale (BBS) test with 52 points, subjects were divided into Healthy older (HO: 46 persons, BBS: $53.80{\pm}1.19$) and Impaired older (IO: 34 persons, BBS: $49.06{\pm}2.03$) group. Each subject performed 30 seconds four different standing balance tests (EO: Eyes Open, EC: Eyes Close, EOf: Eyes Open on foam, ECf: Eyes Close on foam). Five variables (Mean distance, Range of distance, Root mean square, Mean velocity, 95% ellipse area) were calculated from the hip joint center movement of Kinect sensor. Results showed that there were significant differences between groups for four different standing tests. Calculated variables from kinect sensor showed significant correlation with BBS score. Especially, mediolateral mean distance, mediolateral root mean square, mediolateral range of distance and 95% ellipse area showed discriminative ability for all tests. Mean values of variables of IO were higher than those of HO, which means the decreased balance ability in IO compared with HO. Therefore, it was possible to estimate simple balance assessment of the elderly using portable low-cost Kinect sensor.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.4507-4513
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• 2013

수중사석고르기와 같은 수중공사작업을 수행하기 위하여 개발 진행 중인 무인수중장비를 수중공사현장에 투입할 경우, 작업 시 발행하는 부유물들로 인하여 탁도가 높아진다. 이러한 수중환경에서 광학카메라를 이용할 경우, 수중전방인식이 불가능할 수 있다. 이를 극복하기 위하여 무인수중장비에 소나를 탑재하고자 한다. 소나를 무인수중 장비에 적용하기에 앞서, 본 연구에서는 소나의 분해능, 탁도가 높은 물 속에서 스캐닝한 소나이미지를 확인하여 장비의 성능을 분석하였다. 그리고 수중공사현장의 경계면을 표시하기 위한 방법을 제안하였다. 이를 통하여 무인수중 장비에 적용하기 위한 소나의 기초 성능을 확인하였다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.161-170
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• 2014

PURPOSE: This study concerns the wheelchair-based rehabilitation of elderly people, investigating muscle activity and coordination of upper limbs during wheelchair-based new millennium health gymnastics with varying elbow exercise velocity. METHODS: Twelve elderly people participated in new millennium gymnastics twice per week during 12-weeks. The group was separated into 0.4, 1.0, and 1.6 Hz groups (controlled by the metronome speed). Range of motion was measured by electrogoniometer, electromyography signals used root mean square values. The data application was normalized using reference voluntary contraction (%RVC). Upper limb (wrist and elbow joint) data gathered while standing up after the "falling on hips" was investigated in terms of coordination of angle-angle plots. One-way ANOVA, paired t-test and Scheffe's post hoc comparisons, were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS: There were results taken before and after the experiments. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in the triceps brachii and flexor carpi radialis of the 0.4 Hz group (p<.05). There was significant difference in the triceps brachi of the 1 Hz group. No significant differences were found in all muscles of the 1.6 Hz group. Muscle co-activation indexes of the 0.4 Hz group were larger than the others. The 0.4 Hz graph was turning point synchronized clockwise. The 1 Hz graph was out of phase with the negative slope. The 1.6 Hz graph was turning point synchronized counterclockwise, and uncontrolled factor phase was offset on angle-angle plots. CONCLUSION: It is found that improvement of muscle activity and upper limbs coordination of elderly people using wheelchair-based new millennium gymnastics is optimal with elbow exercise velocity with a frequency of 0.4 Hz.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.73-82
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• 2005

토목섬유로 보강된 사면의 안정성해석을 위해서 보강재의 효과를 고려할 수 있도록 수정된 한계평형해석법을 사용하는 것이 일반적이다. 그러나 대부분의 경우 보강재의 효과는 활동면상에서 증가된 전단저항력으로 고려되어 전체 활동토체에 대한 평형방정식의 만족여부는 명확하지 않다. 본 연구에서는 보강재의 저항력을 포함한 활동토체의 힘과 모멘트의 평형방정식을 모두 만족할 수 있는 사면안정해석법을 제안하였으며, 보강토 옹벽에 대한 재하시험 결과와 보강사면에 대한 원심모형시험결과를 포함한 다양한 사례에 대한 해석이 수행되었다. 그 결과 본 연구에서 제안한 방법에 의하여 수정된 사면안정해석법에 의하여 계산된 안전율의 차이는 ${\pm}4%$ 이내로 비교적 정확한 안전율을 제공해 주는 것으로 나타났다.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.17-24
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• 2014

Growth Chamber에서 철분코팅 벼종자와 무처리 볍씨의 발아 및 입묘 특성을 구명하기 위하여 유묘의 입모율, 경시적 입묘양상의 변화, 초장, 엽수, 근장, 근수, 생체중의 특성을 조사결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 입모율은 철분코팅 95%, 무처리 95%로 매우 높은 결과를 보였으며, 벼 출아소요일수는 출아가 13~14일 소요되는 것으로 나타났으며, 철분코팅볍씨가 무처리 볍씨보다 전반적으로 출아가 빠르게 나타났다. 2. 벼 유묘의 초장에서는 철분코팅볍씨 4.9cm, 무처리볍씨 3.4cm로, 엽수는 철분코팅볍씨 3.8개, 무처리볍씨 3.3개로 각각 나타났다. 3. 유묘의 뿌리 철분코팅볍씨 3.8cm로 무처리볍씨 0.4cm보다 9.5배 최장 뿌리 길이가 긴 것으로 나타났으나, 뿌리수는 철분코팅볍씨 6.8개, 무처리볍씨 5.5개로 비슷한 수준으로 나타났다. 4. 유묘의 생체중은 철분코팅볍씨 107mg, 무처리 볍씨 66mg로 각각 나타났다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.419-425
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• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 강활과 벌사상자 추출물에 의한 피부 멜라닌 형성 저해와 안정성과 자극성 시험을 통하여 기능성 화장품의 사용 물질 가능성을 평가하고자 하였다. 본 실험에 사용된 추출물은 White-$AK^{TM}$이고 INCI 명칭은 Osthole이다. White-$AK^{TM}$의 주성분은 쿠마린이고 EC50 값은 마우스 멜라노마 B16 세포 시험에서 2.7ppm이였다. White-$AK^{TM}$는 알부틴보다 100배 낮은 농도에서 저해 효과를 보였다. 미백 효과의 주 기작은 티로시나제-관련 유전자 발현을 저해하는 것으로 생각되었다. White-$AK^{TM}$ 5% 용액을 함유한 기본적인 에센스 처방을 피부에 적용 시 피부자극을 경감시켰다. White-$AK^{TM}$은 불투명한 용기에서 4주간 자외선 하에서 100%의 회수율을 보였고 $50^{\circ}C$에서 4주간 97%의 회수율을 보였다. 따라서 피부 미백효과와 자극성 경감효과가 있고 자외선 조건하에서 안정한 White-$AK^{TM}$은 화장품 처방에서 기능성 원료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.717-723
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• 2001

Objective : Subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH) is still one of the most serious disease with high morbidity and mortality in the neurosurgical field. Clipping of the aneurysmal neck is the gold standard of the surgical treatment of aneurysmal SAH. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of the postoperative angiography and to assess the risk factors related to the incomplete clipping. Materials and Methods : From July 1995 to June 1998, the pre- and postoperative angiography were performed in 50 patients among total 81 patients who have underwent the aneurysmal surgery. We reviewed the various contributing factors including age, sex, Hunt-Hess grade, Fisher grade and the premature rupture of aneurysm during operation retrospectively. Careful evaluation of pre- and postoperative angiography focusing on the size, shape, and remnant neck of the aneurysms and vasospasm was performed. According to the angiographic findings, the patients were divided into two groups ; a complete clipping group and an incomplete clipping group. The data were analyzed by using unpaired independent sample t test after F-test to compare the significance between two groups. Results : Incomplete clipping of aneurysms was found in 6(12%) patients through the evaluation of postoperative angiography. Among them, three cases were located on the middle cerebral artery territory. Whereas the patient age, sex, Hunt-Hess grade, and Fisher grade were not significant(p>0.05), an intraoperative premature rupture had a statistical significance(p<0.05). A severe vasospasm occurred in 24(48%) cases and one patient with anterior communicating aneurysm was reoperated due to residual sac. Conclusion : According to our experience, the surgeons' judgement is the most reliable factor in deciding the postoperative angiography. During the aneurysmal surgery, the premature rupture always disturbs a complete clipping of aneurysms. Therefore, the temporary clipping of parent arteries is considered essential for a successful clipping. We believe that the postoperative angiography has a role in decreasing the re-bleeding risk due to clip migration and an inaccurate clipping only in the selected cases.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2004

This study is aimed at investigating the influence of different quantitative knowledge of results on the measurement error during lumbar proprioceptive sensation training. Twenty-eight healthy adult men participated and subjects were randomly assigned into four different feedback groups(100% relative frequency with an angle feedback, 50% relative frequency with an angle feedback, 100% relative frequency with a length feedback, 50% relative frequency with a length feedback). An electrogoniometer was used to determine performance error in an angle, and the Schober test with measurement tape was used to determine performance error in a length. Each subject was asked to maintain an upright position with both eyes closed and both upper limbs stabilized on their pelvis. Lumbar vertebrae flexion was maintained at $30^{\circ}$ for three seconds. Different verbal knowledge of results was provided in four groups. After lumbar flexion was performed, knowledge of results was offered immediately. The resting period between the sessions per block was five seconds. Training consisted of 6 blocks, 10 sessions per one block, with a resting period of one minute. A resting period of five minutes was provided between 3 blocks and 4 blocks. A retention test was performed between 10 minutes and 24 hours later following the training block without providing knowledge of results. To determine the training effects, a two-way analysis of variance and a one-way analysis of variance were used with SPSS Ver. 10.0. A level of significance was set at .05. A significant block effect was shown for the acquisition phase (p<.05), and a significant feedback effect was shown in the immediate retention phase (p>.05). There was a significant feedback effect in the delayed retention phase (p<.05), and a significant block effect in the first acquisition phase and the last retention phase (p<.05). In conclusion, it is determined that a 50% relative frequency with a length feedback is the most efficient feedback among different feedback types.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.447-455
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was to investigate oral hygiene knowledge and the actual condition of oral care for the students in the public health and non-public health Departments. Methods: The survey sample consisted of 262 randomly selected students. 197 of them are public health-related students and 65 are non-public health-related students. The questionnaires used in this study consisted of 4 items for general information, oral health status of 2 items, 5 items for Oral hygiene knowledge and actual condition of oral care of 5 items. Collected data were analyzed by Frequency Analysis t-test and Crosstabs using SPSS(Statistical Package for Social Sciences) Win 19.0 statistics program. Results: Regarding general characteristics of the subjects, there were 53.8% of first-year student, 26.0% of second-year student and 20.2% of third-year student among 52.3% of males and 47.7% of females. The subjects received less than "100,000" won(13.0%), "100,000-190,000" won (5.0%), "200,000-290,000" won(30.9%), "300,000-390,000" won (33.2%) and more than "400,000" won(17.9%) a month for an allowance. The subjects had 'none' (44.3%), '1'(6.5%), '2'(12.6%), '3'(5.0%), '4'(5.3%), 'more than' 5(0.8%) of dental caries and 'do not know' were 25.6%. The numbers of dental prosthetics were 'no' (35.5%), '1'(13.7%), '2'(17.2%), '3'(10.3%), '4'(11.5%), and 'more than 5'(11.8%). The public health students(84.8%) had a higher positive response rate than the non-public health students(66.2%). The public health students(80.2%) had a higher negative response rate than the non-public health students(78.5%) in the result of onset of gum disease pain awareness. The non-public health students(65.5%) had a higher negative response rate than the public health students(68.3%)) in the result of heredity of gum disease. The t-test showed that public health-related department students(M=8.264, SD=0.821) had more knowledge about oral hygiene than non-public health-related department students(M=8.015, SD=1.082). 'do not use' in the oral care products except toothpaste and toothbrush showed that public health-related department students(60.4%) use the products more than non-public health-related department students(66.2%). Conclusion: In this study, public health-related department students had higher oral hygiene knowledge and actual condition of oral care compared to non-public health-related students, but low in practical action. Due to the lower level of dental care products use in non-public health-related department, a continuous oral care education program is required.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.625-632
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• 2017

Familial Parkinson's disease (PD) has been linked to point mutations and duplication of the ${\alpha}$-synuclein (${\alpha}$-syn) gene. Mutant ${\alpha}$-syn expression increases the vulnerability of neurons to exogenous insults. In this study, we developed a new PD model in the transgenic mice expressing mutant hemizygous (hemi) or homozygous (homo) A53T ${\alpha}$-synuclein (${\alpha}$-syn Tg) and their wildtype (WT) littermates by treatment with sub-toxic (10 mg/kg, i.p., daily for 5 days) or toxic (30 mg/kg, i.p., daily for 5 days) dose of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Tyrosine hydroxylase and Bcl-2 levels were reduced in the ${\alpha}$-syn Tg but not WT mice by sub-toxic MPTP injection. In the adhesive removal test, time to remove paper was significantly increased only in the homo ${\alpha}$-syn Tg mice. In the challenging beam test, the hemi and homo ${\alpha}$-syn Tg mice spent significantly longer time to traverse as compared to that of WT group. In order to find out responsible proteins related with vulnerability of mutant ${\alpha}$-syn expressed neurons, DJ-1 and ubiquitin enzyme expressions were examined. In the SN, DJ-1 and ubiquitin conjugating enzyme, UBE2N, levels were significantly decreased in the ${\alpha}$-syn Tg mice. Moreover, A53T ${\alpha}$-syn overexpression decreased DJ-1 expression in SH-SY5Y cells. These findings suggest that the vulnerability to oxidative injury such as MPTP of A53T ${\alpha}$-syn mice can be explained by downregulation of DJ-1.