• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.342-347
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• 2005

This study was designed to assess the healing effects of ascorbic acid on full-thickness skin wound in dogs. Four $2.5\pm2.5cm$ full-thickness skin wounds were created bilaterally on the dorsolateral aspect in each of 5 dogs. The ten wounds were treated with ascorbic acid solution in the experimental group, and the ten wounds were treated with $0.9\%$ saline in the control group. The wound healing area was measured every other day for 3 weeks after the wounding. Statistical analysis was conducted with the paired t-test. On the $1^{st},\;3^{rd},\;5^{th},\; 7^{th},\;9^{th},\;11^{th},\;13^{th},\;15^{th},\;17^{th},\;19^{th},\;21^{st}days$, the wound healing rates were $12.6\pm9.6\%,\;9.5\pm9.8\%,\;18.9\pm9.0\%,\;39.2\pm5.4\%,\;62.2\pm4.6\%,\;86.9\pm1.9\%,\;92.9\pm1.8\%,\;96.6\pm1.6\%,\;99.1\pm0.5\%,\;99.8\pm0.2\%,\;99.9\pm0.1\%$ in the experimental group, and $9.1\pm6.0\%,\;9.2\pm6.0\%,\;12.2\pm5.0\%,\;41.3 \pm6.3\%,\;54.2\pm9.2\%,\;81.0\pm2.6\%,\;85.7\pm2.8\%,\;92.3\pm1.5\%,\;96.1\pm0.7\%,\;98.0\pm0.8\%,\;99.5\pm0.2\%$ in the control group On the $15^{th}$ day, the wound closed above $99\%$ in 2 dogs of the experimental group. On the $17^{th}$ day, the wound closed above $99\%$ in 3 dogs of the experimental group. On the $19^{th}$ day, the wound closed above $99\%$ in 5 dogs of the experimental group, and 2 dogs of the control group. On the $21^{st}$ day, the wound closed above $99\%$ in 5 dogs of the experimental group, and 4 dogs of the control group. The wound healing rate of the experimental group was $2\~4$ days faster than that of the control group. The tensile strength was $4,169\pm1,107g/cm^2$ in the experimental group, and $2,438\pm637g/cm^2$ in the countrol group on the$21^{st}$ day after wounding. Tensile strength was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group (p<0.05). The histopathological findings of the experimental group were similar to those of the control group on the $1^{st},\;3^{rd}\;and\;5^{th}$days. Inflammation and revascularization of the experimental group were similar to those of the control group on the $9^{th},\;13^{th}\;and\;21^{st}$days. The formation of collagen and reepithelialization were more developed the experimental group than in the control group on the $9^{th},\;13^{th}\;and\;21^{st}$days. Significantly higher wound healing rate, tensile strength and better histopathological findings were observed in the experimental group than in the control group. These results suggest that the topical application of ascorbic acid on full-thickness skin wounds can promote wound healing process.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.285-300
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• 1998

1. The number of average milking cows, clinical forms of mastitis, mastitis-developing cows, and cows killed by mastitis a year were 25.7, 1.8(7%), 6.3(26%), and 2.7(10.1%)heads, respectively. The annual grade changes of standard plate counts(SPC) and somatic cell counts(SCC) showed the grade 1A of SPC diminished sharply from April to August, we think it was due to the lack of proper management in farming season and the grade 3 of SCC indirectly influenced increased in huge during August. 2. The average number of parturitions of farms was 2.3, but 50% of below 1 parturition were 22 farms(31%), 50% of above 3 parturitions were 16(23%) out of 71 farms. According to grades of the number of parturitions of milking cows per each farm, the farms' grades recording 3 parturitions and 50% were little bit excellent. 3. The actual situation research of foremilking CMT revealed 35 out of 74 farmer didn't do CMT Among them(35 out of 74 farmers), 80% did not test thanks to the troublesome process of the CMT. SCC grade 3, among farms who did foremilking CMT once or twice a month and who did not were 29% and 40% respectively and SPC grade 1A were 55% and 9%, respectively. 4. The research of actual situation on milking management let us know 29 farms(39%) did not do lastmilking, 37 farms(49%) usually did overmilking, and 34 farms(46%) did milking for 4 or 5 minutes. Grades according to average requiring times of milking showed SCC grade 1 of farms milking within 7 minutes was 11% and SPC grade 1A was 34%, on the other side, farms milking more than 7 minutes were 0% in SCC grade 1 and 13% in SPC grade 1A. Grades according to the starting time of milking after rubbing teats showed SPC grade 1A of farms starting milking at about 1 minute and over 2 minutes were 50% and 20%, respectively. 5. The research of actual situation on hygienic milking management uncovered 65 farms(88%) were using one towel which was used in washing teats and udders to wash more than 3 to 4 cows, and 53 farms(72%) were using one dried towel to dry udders not for each cow but for more than 3 to 4 cows after washing. Also, on milking turns disclosed 30 farms(40%) were milking cows in the order of incoming without isolation of a dominant group. According to grades of towels used in washing teats and udders, farms using a towel for each cow were 56% and a towel for over 3 cows were 31% in SPC grade 1A. According to using-or-not grades of dried towels after washing udders, farms using a towel for each cow were 79% and a towel for over 3 cows were 21% in SPC grade 1A. 6. Farms doing teat-dipping before milking were 7(10%), not doing teat-dipping after milking, or doing sometimes were 9(12%), and doing right after milking were 57(77%). And farms doing teat-dipping after dry cows and before delivery were 21(28a ). Farms using bethadine as an antiseptic solution were 70(95%), 40 farms(59%) diluted it with water as weak as 5 to 10 times, and on drying cows 64 farms(87%) slowly did it more than 2 days. Grade 1A of SPC of farms doing teat-dipping at every milking was 38%, farms doing occasionally or not was 33%, and farms doing it right after milking was 37% and doing after milking more than 5 cows was 20%. Grade 1A of SPC among farms diluting bethadine 5 times and diluting 5 to 10 times with water were 36% and 33%, respectively, and Grade 3 of SCC were 35% and 32%, respectively. 7. Studies on nonlactating period medical treatment, as the cows were on dry, 54 farms treated with their own hands.73 farms(98%) had bovine mastitis treated for themselves. And on applying medicines against mastitis, 55 farmers chose them on the basis of their own experience, 42 farms(57%) were treated more than 3 days. 41 farms(55%) dumped away the mastitis infected milk separately, 24 farms(32%) were feeding and milking at the same time. 8. Fifty-six farms(76%) always washed and disinfected milking machines after milking. Farms using the milking machines at low, or variable vacuum pressures, or at the vacuum pressure, set at the moment of its installation were 31(42%), and farms that did not know pulsation ratio were 27(37%). Farms changing liners when they were torn 8(11%), 58 farms(78%) said they checked milking system when there were wrong with them, 31 farms(42%) changed milking hoses when they found out problems, and 42 farms(57%) cleaned vacuum and milking systems when they felt dirty. The SPC grade 1A of farms washing and sterilizing milking machines was 38% and farms only washing was 28%.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.59-77
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate on several factors, which contaminative the water quality through the water pipe during feeding water, in 42 largescaled apart-ments(total 84 cases) and assayed the Volatile Organic Compounds(VOCs) and concen-tration of heavy metals that inflow and outflow in reservior water in Jeonnam area(Mokpo, Suncheon, Yeosu) from January 1999 to December 1999. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. The quality of the water pipe composition in the order of frequency in the quality of water pipes were Copper(45.2%)> Zinc(38.9%)> Stainless steel(9.5%)> PVC(4.8%)> PM(2.4%) in observing 42 sites. All of the drain pipes were used the cast iron quality. 2. The result of certification curve from 12 items(17kind) of VOCs was $1.0-4.0{\mu{g}}/{\ell}$ range, a coefficient of correlation was shown 0.99 over. A MDL of each substance range was within $0.1-1.0{\mu{g}}/{\ell}$. 3. The result of the assay, 5 kinds(Viny chloride, Dichloromethane, Ethylbenzene, M,P-xylene, Styrene) of the VOCs of 14 kinds was not detected and the other items were detected slightly. The detection rate of one item and over in total VOCs samples, were 25.9% in inflow and 27.9% in outflow. And frequency of detect in inflow/outflow of THM(Chloroform, Bromodichloro-methane, Dibromochloromethane, Bromoform) were shown higher than 94.1%, 97.0% each stages. It comes to the conclusion that all of the samples were reason able for drinking water standards. 4. The coefficient of correlation were reasonable, it shown 0.999 over in $0.1-1.0{\mu{g}}/{\ell}$ of a measuring range conditions of 4kinds in organic substance(Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn). 5. The results were showed suitability in 78 cases(92.9%) and unsuitability in 6 cases (7.1%), in 84 cases of in organic substances. Compare to inflow stage, mean concentrations of heavy metal, were increased slightly in Zn, Cu, Fe except Mn than outflow stage. The result of the mean concentration in organic substance inflow and outflow in the apartment water tank using Pair-compared T-test, in 95% reliance index, were $0.179mg/{\ell}(0.151-0.307mg/{\ell})$ in Zinc, $0.136mg/{\ell}(0.113-0.230mg/{\ell})$ in Copper, $0.052mg/{\ell}(0.048-0.098mg/{\ell})$ in Fe, and there was a bit growing tendency but there was no differece in Mn. 6. The mean concentration of Copper which used Cu pipe as a water supply pipe in apartment were $0.216mg/{\ell}(0.161-0.338mg/{\ell})$ in case of the Zine pipe were $0.286mg/{\ell}(0.204-0.435mg/{\ell})$. It shows that the detection rate was more higher than the other material used in Cu or Zn as the water supply pipe. We supposed to Cu and Zn substance were gushing out water supply pipe.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.111-119
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• 1994

배경 및 목적: 폐암 환자의 다수가 흡연력이 있고 만성 폐쇄성 폐질환이 병발되어 있으므로 수술후 폐기능의 변화를 정확히 예측하는 것은 수술후 합병증을 예방하는데 중요하다. 폐 절제술 후 잔여 폐기능을 예측함에 있어 현재까지 99mTc-MAA를 이용한 폐관류 스캔이 많이 이용되어 왔지만 이론적으로 폐환기와 폐관류의 불일치가 있는 경우 오차가 있을 수 있어 $^{99m}Tc$-DTPA 연무흡입 환기 스캔을 이용해 잔류 폐기능을 예측하여 관류 스캔을 비교하여 보았다. 방법: 수술전 연무 흡입스캔과 관류 스캔을 시행하고 수술전에 폐기능을 실시하여 잔여 폐기능을 예측하고 수술후 2개월 뒤에 폐기능을 실시하여 상관관계를 비교하여 보았다. 전 폐절제술인 경우: 수술전 폐기능$\times$전체 폐에 대한 잔류폐의 비 폐엽 절제술인 경우: 수술전 폐기능$\times$(1-침범된 폐의 전체폐에 대한 비$\times$절제될 폐의 분절 수/침범된 폐의 총 분절 수) 결과: 1) $FEV_1$에서 연무 흡입스캔을 이용하여 예측한 값과 실측치 간의 상관 계수는 0.94(p<0.0001), 폐관류 스캔을 이용한 경우는 0.86(p<0.0001)이었으며 두 군간에 통계학적으로 유의한 차이는 없었다. 2) FVC에 흡입스캔을 이용한 경우 상관 계수가 0.91(p<0.0001)이었고 폐관류 스캔에서는 0.72(p=0.0005)로 연무 흡입스캔으로 예측한 군에서 상관 관계가 좋았다. 3) $FEF_{25-75%}$에서의 결과는 연무 흡입스캔을 이용한 경우 상관 계수가 0.87(p=0.0001), 폐관류 스캔에서는 상관 계수가 0.87(p<0.0001)로 두 군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 4) 두 스캔을 동시에 시행한 군에서 비교한 결과를 보면 연무 흡입 스캔에서 상관 계수는 $FEV_1$ 0.97(p<0.0001), FVC 0.95(p<0.0001), $FEF_{25-75%}$ 0.85(p<0.001)이었고 폐관류 스캔에서는 $FEV_1$ 0.97(p<0.0001), FVC 0.96(p<0.0001), $FEF_{25-75%}$ 0.83(p<0.002)로 두 군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론: 수술후 잔여 폐기능을 예측함에 있어 연무 흡입스캔 및 관류 스캔사이에 큰 차이가 없었으며 비교적 정확했고 폐기능중에서는 $FEV_1$이 가장 상관 관계가 좋았다.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.81-96
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• 1994

The primary purpose of this study was to identify factors affecting health promoting lifestyles of college students on the basis of Pender's Health Promotion Model. The subjects were 1,159 students of one university in Seoul. These data were collected by self reporting questionnaire from April 19 to May 3, 1993. This study examined health promoting lifestyles, cognitive-percep-tual factors: perceived health status, perceived importance of health, health locus of control, and health conception, and modifying factors: sex, grade, major, residence type, and attendance at a health care course. The instruments used in this study were Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile by Walker et al. (1987), Health Value Scale by Wallston et al. (1976), Health Locus of Control by Wallston et al. (1978), and Health Conception Scale by Laffrey(1986). The data were analyzed by Cronbach's $\alpha$, mean, standard deviation, percentage, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression with SPSS PC+ Program. The results were as follows : 1. The means of health promoting lifestyles revealed total 3.33, self actualization 3.74, health responsibility 2.72, exercise 2.80, nutrition 3.55, interpersonal surpport 3.76, and stress management 2.96. Interpersonal support showed the highest score and health responsibility showed the lowest score. 2. No significant differences between sex, grade, major, and residence type, and health promoting lifestyles Were founded(p>.05). Attendants at a health care course showed a significant higher score than nonattendants (p<.001). Male showed a significant higher score in exercise subscale, female showed significant higher scores in health responsibility, nutrition, interpersonal support, stress management subscales(p<.001), residence type showed a significant difference in nutrition subscale(p<.001). 3. No significant differences between perceived health status and sex, grade, major, residence type, and attendance at a health care course were founded(p>.05). Perceived importance of health showed no differences among sex, grade, major, and residence type(p>.05), showed only in attendance at a health care course (p<.001). Attendants at a health care course showed a significant higher score than nonattendants(p<.001). No significant differences between health conception and sex, grade, major, and residence type were founded (p>.05), only significant difference between health conception and attendance at a health care course was founded(p<.05). Nonattendants showed a significant higher score in clinical health conception, attendants showed a significant higher score in wellbeing health conception(p<.05). 4. A significant positive correlation between health promoting lifestyles and perceived health status was founded(r=.2415, p<.001). A significant positive correlation between health promoting lifestyles and perceived importance of health was founded (r=.1475, p<.001). The health promoting lifestyles revealed significant positive correlations in internal and powerful others locus of control (r=.3187, p<.001: r=.1475, p<.001), but revealed a significant negative correlation in chance locus of control(r=-.997, p<.001). A significant positive correlation between health promoting lifestyles and clinical health conception and wellbeing health conception were founded (r=.1241, p<.001 : r=.3047, p<.001). 5. Perceived health status was the highest factor predicting health promoting lifestyles of college students(R=.3415, $R^2=11.62$). Perceived health' status, perceived improtance of health, internal locus of control, wellbeing health conception, powerful others locus of control accounted for 28.19% in health promoting lifestyle patterns. In conclusion, college students who reported more helath promoting lifestyles evaluated their health positively, perceived importance of health highly, perceived their health as affected by theirselves, powerful others but not by chance or luck, and accepted health as high level wellness rather than merely the absence of illness. Those who attending at a health care course had healthier lifestyle patterns. And attendance at a health care course had significant. correlations in these cognitive-perceptual factors. Further studies are required to identify reasons of attending a health care course, and to compare health promoting lifestyles pre-post attending a course related to health care.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 1995

농어촌과 중소도시 청소년의 흡연 실태를 조사하기 위하여 1994년 2월 1일부터 2월 28일 까지 경상북도내 농어촌 지역 6개 국민학교와 중소도시 2개 국민학교 총8개교의 남녀6학년학생 1427명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 실시하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 대상학생의 5.5%가 현재 흡연 인구이었고, 과거 경험은 6.9%이었으며, 비흡연은 87.6%이었으며, 남학생의 흡연율을 보면 농어촌 14.6% 및 중소도시는 5.7%이었다. 농어촌 남학생의 13.8%와 중소도시 남학생의 9.7%가 과거 흡연경험이 있었고, 농어촌과 중소도시 국민학교 학생의 흡연율간에는 유의한 차를 나타냈다(p<0.01). 농어촌의 경우 부의 직업이 어업이 38.8%로 가장 많았고, 중소도시는 회사원이 45.4% 많았으나 모의 직업은 농어촌의 경우 44.3%가 취업주부였고 중소도시는 34.6%가 취업 주부로 나타났으며, 부모교육 정도는 농어촌에서 전반적으로 학력이 중소도시에 비해 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 가족상황에서 양친이 있는 경우 농어촌이 86.9%였으며, 중소도시는 94.3%여서 농어촌 학생 중에서 결손 가정이 많은 것으로 나타났다. 용돈 지출에서는 농어촌에서는 군것질을 가장 많이 하고, 중소도시에서는 학용품 구입이 가장 많았으며, 학교수업 이외 시간 활용에서는 농어촌에서는 운동이나 놀이를 중소도시에서는 학원에 많이 가는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 남자형제가 많을수록, 학교성적 하위, 흡연자가 있는 가정 및 결손 가정에서 흡연율이 높은 것으로 나타나 차이를 보였다(p<0.001). 농어촌의 경우 친구, 선배형의 권유고 흡연을 많이 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 중소도시의 경우는 호기심으로 어른들을 담배를 몰래 꺼내어 흡연하는 것으로 나타났다. 장소도 농어촌은 야외에서 "흡연한다"로 나타나 중소도시의 자기 집에서 "흡연한다"와는 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.001). 대가족의 경우 흡연율이 핵가족보다 높게 나타났으며(p<0.001) 흡연학생에서 부모의 교육정도가 낮은 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.05) 흡연학생중에서 월세를 사는 경우가 비흡연학생에 비해 많아 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.05). 흡연에 관한 태도 지식은 흡연이 타인에 나쁜 영향을 주지 않는다, 나쁜영향을 주는지 잘 모르겠다고 대답한 학생이 흡연군에서 더 높게 나타나 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.001). 담배의 해독에 관한 지식을 어디에서 얻었는가 하는 물음에 흡연학생의 경우는 친구 선배로부터 들었다가 많았고, 비흡연학생의 경우는 T.V, 라디오에서 제일 많이 들은 것으로 나타나 흡연학생과 비흡연학생간의 유의한 차이를 보였다(p<0.001). 장래흡연 유무의 물음에는 비흡연학생 51.2%, 흡연학생의 47.0% 피우지 않겠다고 하였고, 성인이 되어야 안다고 대답한 학생도 비흡연 경우 46.6%, 흡연의 경우 39.9%로 나타났다. 성인 흡연에 대한 찬반 물음에는 남학생의 70.2%가, 여학생의 82.25가 반대한다고 하였고, 금연교육에 대해서는 남학생 70.6%, 여학생의 75.2%가 필요하다고 대답했다. 근래에 들어 청소년의 흡연 연령이 낮아지고 있고, 특히 농어촌의 경우 중소도시 보다 환경적인 요인으로 흡연율이 더 높은 것으로 나타나 문제로 대두되고, 국민학생의 경우 흡연에 대한 지식이 없이 막연한 호기심으로 시작하는 경우가 많아, 학교에서 조기 금연교육 실시가 반드시 필요하며, 가정과 사회에서도 더 적극적으로 관심을 기우려야 할 필요가 있다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.87-105
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• 2003

2002년도 군위군 내 30세 이상 저소득주민을 대상으로 건강검진을 실시한 결과 유소견자로 판정된 263명에 대하여 설문지를 이용하여 추후의료기관 이용여부와 관련요인을 조사 분석하였다. 대상자의 추후의료기관 이용률은 51.0%이었으며, 미이용률은 49.0%이었다. 단순분석결과, 추후의료기관 이용률은 소인성 요인에 있어서는 남자의 경우, 건강관심도가 높은 경우, 질병이 오는 이유가 팔자나 운명적이지 않다는 경우, 검진이 건강에 도움이 된다는 경우, 검진결과를 통보 받을 당시 느낌이 걱정된다는 경우가 의료기관 이용률이 높았다(P<0.05). 가능성 요인에서는 의료보장형태가 의료급여인 경우, 과거 2년간 건강검진 경험이 있는 경우, 단골의료기관이 있는 경우, 검진결과를 인지하는 가족이 있는 경우에 추후의료기관 이용률이 높았다(P<0.05). 필요성 요인에서는 검진결과를 본인이 인지한 경우, 판정결과가 건강에 심각하다는 경우, 검진결과를 통보받는 방법이 우편과 전화통보를 받은 경우, 검진결과에 대한 가족반응이 있는 경우, 보건지도가 있는 경우가 추후의료기관 이용률이 유의하게 높았다(P<0.01). 의료기관 이용여부를 종속변수로 하고 단순분석에서 유의한 관련이 있는 변수를 독립변수로 한 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 판정결과를 받을 당시 느낌이 걱정이 된 경우, 의료보장형태가 의료급여의 경우 (P<0.05), 과거 2년간 검진경험이 있는 경우(P<0.05), 검진결과에 대한 가족의 반응이 있는 경우(P<0.01)가 의료기관을 더 이용하였다. 추후 의료기관을 이용한 방문시점은 통보 후 8-15일이 가장 높았고 그 다음이 16-30일 순이었다. 재검결과 당초와 같은 질환이 69.4%, 정상이 23.1%, 당초와 다른 질환이 7.5%이였으며, 정밀검사 후 치료유형에서는 규칙적 치료가 39.6%로 가장 높았으며, 치료하지 않은 경우가 34.4%, 치료중단이 11.8%이었다. 추후의료기관을 이용하지 않은 이유는 가벼운 질환인 것 같아서가 32.4%로 가장 높았으며, 일 때문에 시간이 없어서, 결과가 정상이라서, 이전부터 알고 있는 질병으로 치료 중이어서 순이었다. 이상의 결과, 저소득층의 건강검진 실시 후 의료이용 제고와 사후관리를 위해서는 국가와 검진기관, 보건기관, 가족 등이 연대가 되어야 하겠다. 국가에서는 차상위계층의 의료이용문제점을 해결하여 의료이용의 형평성과 효율성을 높이도록 하여야 하며, 검진기관과 보건기관에서는 건강검진 전에 검진의 필요성, 의의, 올바른 수검지도를 실시하고, 건강검진 통보 시에는 유소견자에 대해서는 방문 등을 통하여 추후관리를 하는 것이 의료기관 이용률을 높일 수 있을 것이다. 그리고 건강검진 결과에 대한 올바른 해석, 의료이용의 필요성, 해당 질환에 대한 정보에 대해 본인 뿐만 아니라 가족을 포함한 보건지도가 있어야 하겠다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.239-255
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to explore the care needs of family-caregivers caring for patients with a CVA and the level of self care of the patients. The subjects for the study were 112 patients with a CVA and their caregivers. These patients were seen in a hospital or out-patient-department(OPD) at two oriental medical hospital in Jeonbuk province. The survey instruments used in this study were Kang's ADL checklist for self care of patients and Kim's Likert-style checklist for care needs of family-caregivers to patient with CVA. The survey was conducted from July 4 to August 30, 1999. Internal validity by calculation of Cronbach's alpha was 0.95, which was regarded as high. The survey results were analyzed using the SPSS program, with percentages, means, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson's correlation coefficients. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The level of self care for patients with a CVA was : 1) complete dependence(M=14.9, 13.1%), 2) complete independence(M=23.6, 20.9%), 3) incomplete independence(M=23.9, 21.0%), 4) incomplete dependence(M=26.6, 25.0%), 5) dependence and independence(M=23.0, 20.0%). The items for which there was a high level of self care were : 1) drinking(M=3.62), 2) eating (M=3.25), 3) position returning(M=3.18) : and the items for which there was a low level of self care were : 1) ascending and descending stairs(M=2.08), 2) walking(M=2.47). 3) putting on and taking off trousers(M=2.55). 2. The mean score of the sum of the care needs of the family-caregivers was : 1) need for immediate care and help: 2) need of the way to communicate with patient: 3) need for education and assistance related to physical functional level: 4) need to be informed about the disease, treatment and care: 5) need for social support and consultation: 6) need for appreciation: 7) need for management of nursing problems related to immobility. The highest meed factor was the need for immediate care and help(M=3.47): and lowest need factor was the need for management of nursing problems related to immobility(M=2.80). 3. There were significant differences between the level of care need and general characteristic of the caregivers, there were family-caregivers age(P=0.001), marital status (P=0.276), occupation (P=0.006), monthly income(P=0.000), Patient's relationship to caregivers(P=0.004) and health(P=0.000). 4. There were significant differences between the level of self care and general characteristic of the patients, there were patient paralytic condition(P=0.01), blood pressure(P=0.01), and length of suffering(P=0.03). 5 There were significant differences between the level of care need and the general characteristic factors, which were CVA patient's blood pressure (P=0.05), problem of medical fee (P=0.05). 6. There was significantly correlation with the family-caregivers care need and the level of self care in the CVA patient(r=0.300, P=0.000). As a result, need to promote the level of self care in patients and to meet the care need of family-caregivers for more efficient nursing of CVA patients, is emphasized. Therefore more study is needed on an efficient way to provide rehabilitation and quality nursing interventions for family-caregivers and patients with CVA.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.121-142
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• 2006

Collecting materials for study on teaching efficiency and satisfaction of clinical training, it changes. Dental technology's educational procedure to many ways of a prospect. In a circumstance that needed higher level of education, this study is aimed on realizing an importance of clinical training through the various materials that previously carried out and offering basic knowledge to take better clinical training for the students. Study results below 1. This Investigation conducted on 123 of sophomores(70.3%) and 52 of juniors(29.7%) who have been taken clinical training, and men's proportion(51.45%)is a bit higher than girls(48.6%). The 64% of respondents taken largest proportion were 20 to 24 years old. As 67.9% of respondents attended daytime school and 30.3% of them attended nighttime one, their school time shows a little difference. In a question about relation ship, one answered "Harmonious" took largest proportion by 72.6% during training, and about the degree of satisfaction of campus life who answered "normal" were the most with 59.4%. 2. About the reason choosing dental technology as a major, 41.1% taken the most answered "due to the specialized job", "Getting job easily" was second with 26.9%, and third was "recommended from around" with 18.3%. 50.3% of the respondents answered "normal" about the Satisfaction of their major, student marked in grade "B" most with 51.4% 3. In a investigation result about clinical training statues and preference, most(72.6%) choose place less than 10 for clinical training, and 60.6% of them resided own home. About their commuting time from home to training place, 44% was under 30min, 40% took time 30-60min. It shows students prefer shotter distance in terms of choosing training place. 4. Each part manager took large proportion as a clinical trainer with 33.7%, Training curriculum reform and developing method were most answer as a improvement measure after completing training with 30%. 5. The average of total score about clinical training was 3.15 of 5. In the detailed question, 'satisfaction of clinical training' got 3.38 as a highest score, the lowest score was 2.86 that is about satisfaction of clinical training period. The average score about efficiency of study was 2.86 and in detailed question, 'a Role model' got 3.26 as a highest score and participation of student got 3.05 as a lowest score. 6. The result of T-test to see the difference of the satisfaction according to the general character and clinic training condition between teaching efficiency is that the degree of satisfaction of clinical training showed statistical significance only in the degree of satisfaction of campus life(p<0.05), and teaching efficiency has a statistical significance with their age, grade, and satisfaction of campus life (p<0.05). 7. The relation between of teaching efficiency of clinical training and satisfaction of clinical training of dental technologic student has a statistical meaning in significance leveler 0.01. Now, therefore we suggest following based on these result. 1. To elevate satisfaction of clinical training, it agentry needs development of consistent clinical training curriculum. 2. To grasp the satisfaction and requirement, in needs to measure anxiousness and satisfactory degree after completing training 3. To train efficiently and evaluate efficiency over the teaching activities, it needs to develop measuring tools for teaching efficiency in terms of teacher's important rules in a clinical training. 4. Strengthen the relations with the study developing and managing curriculum gathering theoretical knowledge and practice. And make an effort to apply to their students. 5. Let the trainee take a class setting a belief, sense of value, function and obtain behavior by making the students comfort over clinical training as increasing teaching efficiency.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.58-72
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to describe the perceived burden of the terminally III patients's caregiver and to analyze relationship between the perceived burden and the various demographics, illness characteristics, family relationships, and economic factor of the family & patients. The sample of 132 caregivers who care for the terminally III patients Kyung-Gi province, Seoul, Korea. The period of this study was from August to September, 2002. The perceived burden of the family caregiver was measured by the burden scale(20 items, 4 point scale) developed by Montgomery et al. (1985). The Data was analyzed using SAS-program by t-test and ANOVA. The results were as follows; 1. The mean of the family caregiver's burden score was 3.02. The score showed that caregivers perceive severe the level of burden. The hight items of the family caregiver's burden were' I feel it is painful to watch patient's diseases'(3.77). 'I feel afraid for what the future holds for my patients'(3.66), 'I feel it reduced to amount of privacy time'(3.64). 2. The caregiver's burden was significantly related to patient's gender(F=3.17, p= 0.0020), patient's job(F=2.49, p=0.0476), caregiver's age(F=4.29, p=0.0030), and caregiver's job(F=2.49, p=0.0476). 3. The caregiver's burden according to illness characteristics showed no significant difference. 4. The caregiver's burden was significantly associated with patient's family relationship (F=4.05, p=0.0041), patient's care mean period in a day(F=47.18,