• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.5 s.114
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• pp.140-150
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• 2007

The study aimed to classify the synonyms of clothing terms, such as equal relationship, connoting relationship and partial relationship. The subjects of the study are eleven Chinese character study books such as <石峰千字文 Seokbongcheonjamun> <丙子本千字文 Byeongjacheonjamun>, <註解千字文 Juhaecheonjamun>, <訓蒙字會 Hungmongjahoi>, <新增類合 Sinjeungyuhap>, <兒學編 Aahakpyeon(1816) (1908)>, <蒙喩編 Mongyupyeon>, <字類註釋 Jalyujuseok>, <正蒙類語 Joengmongyueo> and <通學徑編 Tonghakgyeongpyeon>, seven foreign language study books such as <譯語類解 Yeokeoyuhae>, <譯語類解補編 Yeokeoyuhae-supplementary book>, <同文類解 Dongnunyuhae>, <蒙語類解 Mongeoyuhae>, <蒙語類解補編 Mongeoyuhae-supplementary book>, <倭語類解 Oaeeoyuhae> and <方言類釋 Bangeonyuseok>, and some vocabulary books <才物譜 Jaemulbo>, <廣才物譜 Kwangjaemulbo>, <物譜 Mulbo>, <物名攷 Mulmyeongko>, and <事類博解 Salyupakhae>. There are two kinds of synonyms with equal relationship that are spelled as more than two names for the same clothing. The first group was names that have different vocabularies for the same Chinese character headword, for example, Gyeokji and Namosin, Jeoguriot and Dongdolssi, Deungjige and Got dongot, Daloi and Nangja, Jitbidan and Oaedan, jusa and jeuusya, jusa and Murui, Muja and Heoja, and so on. The second group was names that are spelled with sound and meaning of Chinese character, for example, Nuyeok and Saui, Binhyeo and Jam, Mosi and Jyeopo, and so on. Also synonyms of Chinese names were found in equal relationship. Synonyms with connoting relationship in which one name perfectly connotes meaning of another name are Gotgal and Susik, Danryeong and Gwandae, Bosyeon and Chyeong, ete. In these cases, the range of the meaning of clothing terms can be confirmed since names with broad meaning connote names with narrow meaning. There are differences in use and form. In partial relationship synonym with the same name, some synonyms like Baji and Goui, and jeoksam and Hansam have difference in use, while Gamto, Got and Sarno, Neolku and Satgat, and Nangja and Cheopji have difference in form. These presented differences among similar names.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.35-35
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• 2022

Pears (Pyrus spp.) have been grown worldwide as a kind of important economical fruits. Over 1,500 accessions collected from countries have been preserved in National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration in Korea. However, redundancies and misidentification are happening in the germplasm preservation due to same cultivars which have different names in various localities (synonyms) and different cultivars which have same names (homonyms). That can lower germplasm management efficiency. The object of this study is to identify synonyms and homonyms in pear germplasms by analyzing genetic variation with four microsatellite markers: CH03d12, CH03g07, CH02b10, and EMPc117. PCR amplification with above 4 microsatellite markers was done for the 31 pear accessions, and the products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis. As a result, 7 synonyms and 9 homonyms were identified among 31 pear accessions. We'll compare these genotypes with phenotypes of each pear accessions, and reduces the redundancy and misidentification in pear germplasm collection for the reliable management.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.99-126
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• 2013

Amynthas diffringens (Baird, 1869) is deemed valid yet comparable to A. corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and to A. nipponicus (Beddard, 1893) or A. peregrinus (Fletcher, 1896). Its syntypes tend to more genital markings than usual as shown for variable specimens from Japan, Korea, and Australasia that comply genetically with either of two A. corticis spp. groups. A. diffringens type-locality was UK hothouses yet closest specimens appear in part of A. heteropodus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) (=A. corticis) from Japan. Japanese Amynthas divergens (Michaelsen, 1892) is restored based on its serrate intestinal caeca. Meanwhile, the lectotype of Amynthas pingi (Stephenson, 1925) is deemed a synonym of A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899) compliant with Kobayashi's (1936) types III & II. Erstwhile A. pingi synonym A. fornicatus (Gates, 1925) is again included, but A. hongkongensis (Michaelsen, 1910) and A. chungkingensis (Chen, 1936) are provisionally retained whilst A. carnosa lichuanensis Wang & Qiu, 2005 is given separate species status. A new Korean taxon is proposed as A. carnosus naribunji sub-sp. nov. and two replacement names are provided: A. zhuya nom. nov. for homonym A. montanus Qiu & Sun, 2012 from Hainan and A. yizhou for A. carnosus sensu Shen et al., 2005 from Taiwan. No attempt is made to fully resolve numerous Japanese synonyms of A. carnosus [eg Ishizuka's (2001) invista, subterranea, subalpina, umbrosa, mutabilis, nubicola, plus A. nonmonticolus Blakemore, 2010] nor Korean synonyms [eg kyamikia Kobayashi, 1934, monstrifera Kobayashi, 1936 and murayamai Kobayashi, 1938, sangyeoli, youngtai (with segments miscounted), kimhaeiensis, sinsiensis and baemsagolensis - all names by Hong & James (2001) plus ?A. sangumburi Hong & Kim, 2002 (its segments miscounted too)] also A. fuscus Qiu & Sun, 2012 from Hainan and Taiwanese monsoonus James et al., 2005 plus A. penpuensis Shen et al., 2003 and A. taiwumontis Shen et al., 2013 syns. nov.. All synonyms remain in the currently defined A. carnosus pending full revisons although several may eventually comply with parts of prior A. corticis s. lato.

• Mycobiology
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2014

The earliest pre-Linnaean fungal genera are briefly discussed here with special emphasis on the nomenclatural connection with the genus Cordyceps Fr. Since its valid publication under the basidiomycetous genus Clavaria Vaill. ex L. (Clavaria militaris L. Sp. Pl. 2:1182, 1753), the genus Cordyceps has undergone nomenclatural changes in the post-Linnaean era, but has stood firmly for approximately 200 years. Synonyms of Cordyceps were collected from different literature sources and analyzed based on the species they represent. True synonyms of Cordyceps Fr. were defined as genera that represented species of Cordyceps Fr. emend. G. H. Sung, J. M. Sung, Hywel-Jones & Spatafora. The most common synonyms of Cordyceps observed were Clavaria and Sphaeria Hall, reported in the 18th and in the first half of the 19th century, respectively. Cordyceps, the oldest genus in the Cordyceps s. s. clade of Cordycipitaceae, is the most preferred name under the "One Fungus = One Name" principle on priority bases.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.1035-1043
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• 2018

There is a case where the core content of another person's work is decorated as though it is his own thoughts by changing own thoughts without showing the source. Plagiarism test of copykiller free service used in plagiarism check is performed by comparing plagiarism more than 6th word. However, it is not enough to judge it as a plagiarism with a six - word match if it is replaced with a similar word. Therefore, in this paper, we construct word clusters by using DBSCAN algorithm, find synonyms, convert the words in the clusters into representative synonyms, and construct L-R tables through L-R parsing. We then propose a method for determining the similarity of documents by applying weights to the thesaurus and weights for each paragraph of the thesis.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to create a catalogue of amnesia synonyms in Traditional Korean Medicine for database utilization. A two-staged literature search was carried out. First, two databases(China National Knowledge Infrastructure:CNKI, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System:OASIS) were searched for eligible articles, and a set of candidate words was identified from the articles. Second, the candidate words were searched in 30 medical classics to check the frequency of use. As a result, 9 candidate words including 喜忘(huimang), 善忘(seonmang), 多忘(damang), 好忘(homang), 健忘(geonmang), 遂忘(sumang), 遺忘(yumang), 忘事(mangsa), and 易忘(imang) were identified from the 10 eligible articles. Among the 9 candidate words, 健忘(geonmang) was a descriptor and 7 other words including 喜忘(huimang), 善忘(seonmang), 多忘(damang), 好忘(homang), 遂忘(sumang), 遺忘(yumang), 忘事(mangsa) were non-descriptors. 易忘(imang) was not an adequate synonym for amnesia.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.133-150
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• 2012

Amynthas tralfamadore sp. nov. is described from the Mt Halla, Jeju Island biosphere exhibition housed at NIBR Incheon. This species' taxonomy is problematical since it is similar to Amynthas masatakae (Beddard, 1892) from Japan, itself previously reported from Korea and at one time associated with Amynthas campestris (Goto & Hatai, 1898) and A. parvicystis (Goto & Hatai, 1899), all three variously implicated in prior A. robustus (Perrier, 1872) along with Amynthas aspergillum (Perrier, 1872). Based on reinspection of the London lectotype of A. masatakae-here designated and sketched for the first time-the current solution is for maintenance of all five taxa separately. A closely-related Japanese species-Metaphire ryunome sp. nov.-is comparable to Korean Metaphire reisuiensis (Kobayashi, 1938) comb. nov. Another specimen was identified as Amynthas micronarius (Goto & Hatai, 1898), a new record for Korea. It matches the newly-designated neotype (Tokyo NMST An446) and an annotated synonymy is provided; however, erstwhile synonyms, Amynthas shimaensis (Goto & Hatai, 1899) and A. yamizoyamensis (Ohfuchi, 1935) combs. novae, are briefly redescribed and provisionally restored to the Japanese list. mtDNA COI-5P barcode analyses support species identifications.

• Journal of Species Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 2013

Previous surveys on Ulleung-do (Dagelet Isl.) found just ten earthworm taxa while the current survey unearthed a dozen species. Placement of parthenogenetic 'tube' Amynthas dageletensis Hong & Kim, 2005 is resolved as it clearly belongs in synonymy of Metaphire soulensis (Kobayashi, 1938) which becomes a new Ulleung-do record. Other new megascolecids are recorded since Amynthas heteropodus (Goto & Hatai, 1898) and A. baemsagolensis Hong & James, 2001 are confirmed as synonyms of A. corticis (Kinberg, 1867) and A. carnosus (Goto & Hatai, 1899), respectively. The latter taxon is differentiated and its synonym A. pingi (Stephenson, 1925) provisionally revived. New lumbricids are Bimastos parvus (Eisen, 1874), Eisenia japonica (Michaelsen, 1892) and questionably Dendrodrilus rubidus (Savigny, 1826). All confirmed species are common exotics with no endemics. Drawida moniligastrids were not yet located on this remote island for reasons unknown.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.207-209
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• 1987

A systematic mosquito taxonomic study in Korea was established by Lee in 1971. Since then, many species have been recorded as new to Korea. However, much of this taxonomic information has been distributed in a number of scientific publications. This fork attempts to combine this information into a single document, as well as to synthesize revised taxonomic synonyms of species cccurring in Korea. Four species, Culex vora.x, Culex kangi, Aedes kobayashii and Culiseta kanayamensis listed in our previous paper, are synonyms of Culex kalifaxii, Cutex jackseni, Aedes alehtorowi and Culiseta bergrothi, respectively. Culex annulus is a misidentified species of Culex pseudovishnui. The subspecies Cutes pipiens quinquefassiatus and subgenus Manscnia (Ccquillettidia) were treated as full species and genus respectively in a catalog of the mosquitoes of the world. However, not all current authors agree to those specific and generic treatment. Based on available publications the total number of mosquito species recorded in Korea is now 52 representing 9 genera. Forty-five of these 52 are confirmed species with preserved specimen representation. As collection of specimen continues, there is a possibility that representative of 7 unconfirmed species will be found. 1 hope this paper will provide useful information for entomology workers who are interested in mosquito taxonomy in Korea.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.9
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• pp.946-953
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• 2017

Semantic Role Decision defines the semantic relationship between the predicate and the arguments in natural language processing (NLP) tasks. The semantic role information and semantic category information should be used to make Semantic Role Decisions. The Sejong Electronic Dictionary contains frame information that is used to determine the semantic roles. In this paper, we propose a method to extend the Sejong electronic dictionary using word embedding and synonyms. The same experiment is performed using existing word-embedding and retrofitting vectors. The system performance of the semantic category assignment is 32.19%, and the system performance of the extended semantic category assignment is 51.14% for words that do not appear in the Sejong electronic dictionary of the word using the word embedding. The system performance of the semantic category assignment is 33.33%, and the system performance of the extended semantic category assignment is 53.88% for words that do not appear in the Sejong electronic dictionary of the vector using retrofitting. We also prove it is helpful to extend the semantic category word of the Sejong electronic dictionary by assigning the semantic categories to new words that do not have assigned semantic categories.