• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• 제11C권1호
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• pp.123-134
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• 2004

The synchronized clock performance in the synchronization network and SDH transmission network design is an important element in aspect of guaranteeing network stability and data transmission. Consequently the simulator which can applicable various parameters and several input levels from the best state to the worst state for performance analysis of the synchronized clock is required in case of network design. Therefore, in this paper, 1 developed the SNCA and TNCA for analysis of the synchronized clock in the synchronization network and transmission network. And utilizing these simulators with various wander generation, node number and clock state, 1 obtained the synchronized clock characteristics and maximum network nodes In NE1, NE2 and NE3 transmission network and DOTS1, DOTS2 synchronization network.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.84-92
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• 2018

For large wireless sensor networks running on battery power, the time synchronization of all sensor nodes is becoming a crucial task for waking up sensor nodes with exact timing and controlling transmission and reception timing. However, as network size increases, this synchronization process tends to require long processing time consume significant power. Furthermore, a naïve synchronization scheduler may leave some nodes unsynchronized. This paper proposes a power-efficient scheduling algorithm for time synchronization utilizing the notion of density, which is defined by the number of neighboring nodes within wireless range. The proposed scheduling algorithm elects a sequence of minimal reference nodes that can complete the synchronization with the smallest possible number of hops and lowest possible power consumption. Additionally, it ensures coverage of all sensor nodes utilizing a two-pass synchronization scheduling process. We implemented the proposed synchronization algorithm in a network simulator. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can reduce the power consumption required for the periodic synchronization process by up to 40% for large sensor networks compared to a simplistic multi-hop synchronization method.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2016

Ship ad-hoc network (SANET) extends the coverage of the maritime communication among ships with the reduced cost. To fulfill the growing demands of real-time services, the SANET requires an efficient clock time synchronization algorithm which has not been carefully investigated under the ad-hoc maritime environment. This is mainly because the conventional algorithms only suggest to decrease the beacon collision probability that diminishes the clock drift among the units. However, the SANET is a very large-scale network in terms of geographic scope, e.g., with 100 km coverage. The key factor to affect the synchronization performance is the signal propagation delay, which has not being carefully considered in the existing algorithms. Therefore, it requires a robust multi-hop synchronization algorithm to support the communication among hundreds of the ships under the maritime environment. The proposed algorithm has to face and overcome several challenges, i.e., physical clock, e.g., coordinated universal time (UTC)/global positioning system (GPS) unavailable due to the atrocious weather, network link stability, and large propagation delay in the SANET. In this paper, we propose a logical clock synchronization algorithm with multi-hop function for the SANET, namely multi-hop clock synchronization for SANET (MCSS). It works in an ad-hoc manner in case of no UTC/GPS being available, and the multi-hop function makes sure the link stability of the network. For the proposed MCSS, the synchronization time reference nodes (STRNs) are efficiently selected by considering the propagation delay, and the beacon collision can be decreased by the combination of adaptive timing synchronization procedure (ATSP) with the proposed STRN selection procedure. Based on the simulation results, we finalize the multi-hop frame structure of the SANET by considering the clock synchronization, where the physical layer parameters are contrived to meet the requirements of target applications.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.1808-1815
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• 2016

TPSN(Timing-sync Protocol for Sensor Networks), the representative of time synchronization protocol, has been already developed to provide time synchronization among nodes in wireless sensor networks. Even though the TPSN's method has been referenced by so many other time synchronization schemes for resource-constrained networks like wireless sensor networks or low power personal area networks, it has some inefficiency in terms of power consumption and network-wide synchronization time (or called convergence time). The main reason is that each node in TPSN needs waiting delay to solve the collision problem due to simultaneous transmission among competing nodes, which causes more power consumption and longer network convergence time for a network-wide synchronization. In this paper an improved scheme is proposed by changing message exchange method among nodes. The proposed scheme not only shortens network-wide synchronization time, but also reduce collision traffic which lead to needless power consumption. The proposed scheme's performance has been evaluated and compared with an original scheme by simulation. The results are shown to be better than the original algorithm used in TPSN.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.547-554
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• 2020

Synchronization of unidirectional identical FitzHugh-Nagumo systems coupled in a ring structure under ionic and external electrical stimulations is investigated. In this network, each neuron is only connected and transmit signals to its next neuron via synaptic strength called gapjunctions. Adaptive control theory and Lyapunov stability theory are used to propose a unique control scheme with necessary and sufficient conditions which guarantee the synchronization of the neuronal network. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is shown through numerical simulations.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.624-628
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• 2008

This paper is concerned with multiple motor control using a distributed network control method. Speed and position of multiple motors are synchronized using clock synchronized distributed controllers. CAN (controller area network) is used and a new clock synchronization algorithm is proposed and implemented. To verify the proposed control algorithm, two disks which are attached on two motor shafts are controlled to rotate at the same speed and phase angle with the same time base using network clocks.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2015

TPSN(Timing-sync Protocol for Sensor Networks), the representative of time synchronization protocol for WSN(wireless sensor networks), was developed to provide higher synchronization accuracy and energy efficiency. So, TPSN's approach has been referenced by so many other WSN synchronization schemes till now. However, TPSN has a collision problem due to simultaneous transmission among competing nodes, which causes more network convergence delay for a network-wide synchronization. A Polling-based scheme for TPSN is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme not only shortens network-wide synchronization time of TPSN, but also reduce collision traffic which lead to needless power consumption. The proposed scheme's performance has been evaluated and compared with an original scheme by simulation. The results are shown to be better than the original algorithm used in TPSN.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2004년도 춘계종합학술대회
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• pp.701-704
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• 2004

In this paper, we proposed that the synchronization method for build small world. In order to build a small world, we used Chua's oscillator which well represent the chaos dynamics and composed several stage with Chua's oscillator by using coupled synchronization method. This paper shows a synchronization result in the small world network using coupled synchronization method. Not only time series and phase plane are implemented but also degree of synchronization in the small world network is presented.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• 제60권8호
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• pp.1586-1591
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• 2011

This paper considers synchronization problem of a complex dynamical network. For the problem, the virtual target node is chosen as one of nodes in the complex network and only one connection is needed between an isolate target node and virtual target node not any more connections. Moreover, our synchronization scheme does not need additional conditions and information of coupling matrix comparing with existing works. Based on Lyapunov stability theory, a design criterion for a novel adaptive feedback controller for the synchronization between the isolate target node and another nodes of the complex network is proposed. Finally, the proposed method is applied to a numerical example in order to show the effectiveness of our results.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.819-827
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• 2013

Compared to legacy frequency hopping communications, future radio communications are required the secure and high data rate, ad-hoc network communication. In this paper, we have designed the network communication structure on the frequency hopping mode, and analyzed the performance of synchronization on the frequency hopping network radio systems. The design results are shown the initial sync. phase of approximately 9 hops and the traffic packet phase of approximately 30 hops. Also, we have simulated the performance on the communication conditions which are carrier bandwidth of 50kHz, user data rate of 64kbps and OQPSK modulation scheme in AWGN. In the simulation, we analyzed the correlation and the performance of synchronization success. The result of simulation show 99% probability for synchronization success at $E_b/N_o$ -4dB.