• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.154-158
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• 1999

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to find the optimum TE value for enhancing $T_2^{*}$ weighting effect and minimizing the SNR degradation and to compare the BOLD effects according to the changes of TE in 1.5T and 3.0T MRI systems. Materials and Methods : Healthy normal volunteers (eight males and two females with 24-38 years old) participated in this study. Each volunteer was asked to perform a simple finger-tapping task (sequential opposition of thumb to each of the other four fingers) with right hand with a mean frequency of about 2Hz. The stimulus was initially off for 3 images and was then alternatively switched on and off for 2 cycles of 6 images. Images were acquired on the 1.5T and 3.0T MRI with the FLASH (fast low angle shot) pulse sequence (TR : 100ms, FA : $20^{\circ}$, FOV : 230mm) that was used with 26, 36, 46, 56, 66, 76ms of TE times in 1.5T and 16, 26, 36, 46, 56, 66ms of TE in 3.0T MRI system. After the completion of scan, MR images were transferred into a PC and processed with a home-made analysis program based on the correlation coefficient method with the threshold value of 0.45. To search for the optimum TE value in fMRI, the difference between the activation and the rest by the susceptibility change for each TE was used in 1.5T and 3.0T respectively. In addition, the functional $T_2^{*}$ map was calculated to quantify susceptibility change. Results : The calculated optimum TE for fMRI was $61.89{\pm}2.68$ at 1.5T and $47.64{\pm}13.34$ at 3.0T. The maximum percentage of signal intensity change due to the susceptibility effect inactivation region was 3.36% at TE 66ms in 1.5T 10.05% at TE 46ms in 3.0T, respectively. The signal intensity change of 3.0T was about 3 times bigger than of 1.5T. The calculated optimum TE value was consistent with TE values which were obtained from the maximum signal change for each TE. Conclusion : In this study, the 3.0T MRI was clearly more sensitive, about three times bigger than the 1.5T in detecting the susceptibility due to the deoxyhemoglobin level change in the functional MR imaging. So the 3.0T fMRI I ore useful than 1.5T.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 2010

This study was performed to investigate the hatching rate and eggs period until hatching in the laboratory against lantern fly, Lycorma delicatula eggs with different collecting date of eggs, and the susceptibility of 26 insecticides to the eggs, 1st and 2nd nymphs of Lycorma delicatula. The eggs of L. delicatula were increased the hatching rates as passed collecting date of eggs, and shorten in eggs period until hatching. By screening the susceptibility of 26 insecticides to the eggs, 1st, and 2nd nymphs, chlorpyrifos (312.5 ppm) showed the perfect inhibition effect of hatching against the eggs, however, the other insecticides did not show that effect. According to the collecting date of eggs, chlorpyrifos bioassayed the inecticidal effect with different concentration (625 ppm at double conc., 312.5 ppm at recommended conc., and 156.3 ppm at half conc.). The eggs collected from Apr. 20th 2010, were showed the inhibition effect of hatching over 94.5%, but the eggs collected from May 10th, 2010 were showed the inhibition effect of hatching as 86.7, 71.1, and 47.1%, respectively. However, hatched eggs were all killed perfectly within 24 hours. At recommended and half concentrations, the eggs collected from 15, May, are decreased the effect as 48.6%, 53.7%, respectively, and the mortality of eggs hatched also decreased as 61.0 and 22.0%, respectively, however, double concentrations did not show the changes. From the above results, it will be anticipate to show the higher mortality against the eggs of L. delicatula when treated chlorpyrifos until late-April.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.133-144
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• 2016

Objectives : This study sought to identify the predisposing factors which influence the adolescent oral health enhancement behavior by analyzing controlling effects depending on the parents' oral health care behaviors in the relationship between the predisposing factors and adolescent behavior improvements which enhance oral health. Methods : A structured, self-administered questionnaire was given from July 6 through July 24, 2016. The collected data were analyzed with the SPSS 18.0 program. Results : Parents' oral health behaviors in terms of discipline and guidance showed a controlling effect in terms of importance (${\beta}$=.116) and benefits (${\beta}$=.133). In addition, the analysis showed that the parents' oral health care behavior had a controlling effect in terms of benefits (${\beta}$=.164) and susceptibility (${\beta}$=-.116). Conclusions : From the results of this study, the development of materials and education courses to lead to behavior changes are thought to be necessary in order to enhance the importance and benefits of the factors of oral health beliefs and to reduce psychological discomfort. Moreover, the role of parents with regard to desirable habits and beliefs to maintain oral health in their children is essential.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.147-173
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• 2016

Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the 6th industrial entrepreneurship and business performances on social capital. The 6th industry based on its social capital can have a significant impact on business performances. Design/Methodology/Approach For this reason, we examined the relationship between entrepreneurship and business performance using the moderator variables of social capital and the Sixth industry certification. As a result, the 6th industrial entrepreneurship affects significant positive business performance. In particular, the authenticity, communication skills, social responsibility, collaborative, risk susceptibility, and challenging mind have a positive effect on business performances. As a result of moderation effect analysis, the 6th industry certification has no interaction effect of entrepreneurship, and only challenging mind and communication skills, the authenticity showed that the positive effect on business performances. Findings Social capital has interaction effects on the 6th industry entrepreneurship. Low level of social capital improves business performance through a strong challenging mind and social responsibility. High level of social capital are more demanding authenticity, collaboration, and risk sensitivity. And the higher level of social capital, the lower the communication ability, electrical conductivity, and social responsibility.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.135-146
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• 1989

This study was undertaken to assess the effect of sound stress on humoral and cellular immune responses to thymus-dependent and independent antigens in mice. After mice were exposed to 4 hr daily sound stessors(83㏈) for 4 days before or after immunization, the primary and / or secondary immune response to sheep red blood cells(SRBC), polyvinylpyrroridone(PVP) or picry1 chloride(TNCB) were assayed. When mice were exposed to sound stressor before or after immunization, delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction and contact sensitivity to TNCB was remarkably depressed compared with those of the unstressed control mice. However, the primary and secondary hemagglutinin response of the stresed mice to SRBC showed a pronounced increase compared with that of the unstressed mice, In contrast to antibody response to SRBC, the primary antibody response of the stressed mic to PVP was almost not detected. surprisingly, the secondary antibody response to PVP of the mice receiving the secondary sound stress was markedly increased when the immune-depressed mice received the secondary immunization with PVP at 46 days after the primary immunization. The susceptibility of mice to intraven-oulsy infected Candida albicans was not changed by the sound stress.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.27-36
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• 1988

In fabrication of various welded structures made of high strength steels, the occurence of hydrogen assisted cracking and embrittlement in HAZ is prime importance. The present work was carried out to clarify the effect of chemical compositions, especially B and/or Ti addition on the cold cracking susceptibility and HAZ embrittlement in low crabon equivalent steel. Tests results showed that the addtio of optimum boron content in steel with low Pem value i.e., below 0.20 % was the best way to improve the weldability as well as the mechanicla properties of $60kg/mm^2$ grade quenched and tempered high strength steels.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to compare occurrence of the shipping fever associated with vaccination and mass medication in Korean Native Cow. Lack of vaccination (Pasteurella haemolytica, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, bovine viral diarrhea, parainfluenza 3, and bovine respiratory syncytial virus) and mass medication before and after transportation, 67% of gram-negative cocci were detected. However, with vaccination and mass medication, only 33% of Gram-negative cocci were detected. When antimicrobial susceptibility for the detected bacterium was tested, apramycin, ampicillin, amilacin, clindamycin, gentamycin, kanamycin, penicillin, and streptomycin were resistant, whereas tylocin, amoxicillin, linocospetin, nalidixic acid, norfloxacin, oxalinic acid, and cefotaxime were susceptible. Morbidity and average therapeutic effect were 33% and 1.0time with vaccination and mass medication and were 78% and 5.3 times without vaccination and mass medication, respectively. Therefore, the results suggest that shipping fever would be considerably decreased with vaccination including mass medication before and after transportation.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.281-285
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• 1994

Neutropenia is a major dose-limiting factor in cancer chemotherapy diminishing its usefulness and increase patient's susceptibility to infectious disease. Some recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factors(rhG-CSFs) are in use to reduce the risk of this serious side effect. In this study, we examined the pharmacological properties of DA-3030, a rhG-CSF expressed in E. coli. DA-3030 100 and $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg, i. v., had no significant effect on the central nervous, gastrointestinal system in mice and cardiovascular system in rabbits, but it slightly inhibited the spontaneous motility of isolated nonpregnant uterus in rats. It also had no influence on excretion of urinary electrolytes. DA-3030 administered for successive 3 days increased the blood WBC count in zymosan air pouch inflammed rats and in normal rats. These results indicate that DA-3030 has little side effects in animals.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.331-339
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• 2010

This study aims to evaluate the effect of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with high-level mupirocin resistance (Hi-Mup MRSA). To examine the antimicrobial effect of photogem-mediated PDT against Hi-Mup MRSA, CFU quantifications, bacteria cell viability tests, and disk diffusion antimicrobial susceptibility tests were evaluated. In addition, one of PDT mechanisms was investigated by accumulating photogem ($10\;{\mu}g/ml$) in Hi-Mup MRSA. Photogem-mediated PDT properly inhibited the colony formation of Hi-Mup MRSA. Viable bacteria decreased greatly after a PDT application with photogem $10\;{\mu}g/ml$ at energy density $15\;J/cm^2$. The diameter of the inhibition zone around susceptible disks increased after PDT. In addition, we confirmed the accumulation of photogem in bacteria through fluorescent images. These results demonstrated that excellent photosensitization of Hi-Mup MRSA can be achieved using photogem with 630 nm LED irradiation. Thus, PDT may make survival Hi-Mup MRSA inactive.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.99-103
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• 1992

Susceptibility of Psudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis to gentimicin and ceforaxime was affected by salicylaye. In presence of salicylaye (15 mM) and gentamicin (1.0 .mu.g/ml), log efficiency of plating (log E. O. P. s) for the tested bacteria were -1.24, -2.17 and -1.66 respectively. The activity of cefotaxime against Bacillus subtilis was reduced (log E. O. P. = 1.33). The highest potentiating effects of salicylaye were shown when using gentamicin against Staphylococcus aureus, cefotaxime against Ps. aeruginosa, log E. O. P.s were -3.0, and -2.4 respectively. On the other hand, no significant effects were detected with cefotaxime against Staphylococcus aureus (log E. O. P. = -0.04). No significant killing was shown in presence of gentamicin or salicylaye alone. There was no significant effect for salicylaye on MICs (By broth dilution) could be observed except in case of gentamicin against Staphyloccus aureus, which was reduced from 0.02 .mu.g/ml to 0.0012 .mu.g/ml. These results raise the concern that high concentrations of salicylaye in patients might interfere with antibiotic therapies.