• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.144-149
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• 2012

The cutting characteristics of hardened aluminum alloy A17075-T6 were investigated during turning processing. Under variation conditions of cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed rate, the characteristics of cutting force, surface roughness, and machined texture were investigated. Surface roughness became worse in proportion to the increase of the feed rate. The thickness of material alteration layer which is derived from the effect of cutting force was the biggest when feed rate 0.148mm/rev. This research confirmed that the deformed layer is dominantly dependent on the variation of feed rate.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2017

단파장적외선 분광분석법을 현장에 적용하여 일정한 스펙트럼을 획득할 수 있는 시료의 표면상태, 수분함유 정도 및 분석조건에 대하여 검토하였다. 자연면, 절단면, 분말의 표면상태 중 자연면과 절단면은 거의 유사한 스펙트럼이 획득되었으며, 분말상태의 시료에서는 스펙트럼의 변화가 인지된다. 수분이 함유된 시료는 24시간 이상 상온 건조 후 측정 시 일정한 스펙트럼을 얻을 수 있으므로, 현장에서의 여건에 따라 24 ~ 48시간의 건조시간이 필요할 것이다. 밝은 색 광물의 경우 기기의 기본 값인 10회 반복측정으로도 안정적인 스펙트럼의 획득이 가능하였으나, 어두운 색의 광물은 100회에 해당하는 10초 정도의 분석시간이 필요할 것으로 판단된다. 열수변질대 탐사 시, 2,160 ~ 2,330 nm 영역에서의 흡수피크 위치 및 형태를 기준으로, 그 외의 스펙트럼 특징들을 이용하면 대략적인 열수변질대 분대가 현장에서도 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 2,160 ~ 2,180 nm는 고령석, 딕카이트, 엽납석 및 명반석에 의해 (고)점토대((advanced) argillic zone)로, 2,180 ~ 2,230 nm의 흡수피크는 백운모, 견운모 및 스멕타이트에 의해 견운모대(phyllic zone), 2,230 ~ 2,270 nm 영역의 흡수피크는 녹니석 및 녹염석에 의해 프로필리틱대(prophylitic zone)로 구분 가능하다. 2,270 ~ 2,330 nm 영역에서는 명반석, 활석, 사문석, 각섬석, 탄산염광물 등 다양한 광물의 흡수피크가 나타나므로, 보다 더 세밀한 스펙트럼 해석이 요구된다.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.162-167
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• 2003

시료에 주입된 이온의 깊이방향에 따른 농도분포를 알아보기 위하여 시료표면을 sputtering 하면서 튀어나온 주입된 이온을 depth profiling한다. Depth profiling 측정 시에 깊이방향에 영향을 주는 sputtering rate가 변화하는 효과를 SRIM simulation을 이용하여 계산하였다. 시료에 이온이 주입하게 되면 시료의 원자밀도는 약간 증가하게 되는데, 그 결과로 sputtering yield가 변화하게 된다. 이러한 변화가 결과적으로 depth profile 측정시에 깊이방향에 영향을 줄 수 있는 sputtering rate를 변화시키는 원인이 된다. SRIM(Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter) Monte Carlo simulation code를 사용하여 이온주입에 의한 시료의 원자밀도의 변화에 따른 sputtering yield를 구하여 sputtering rate를 계산하고, 그 차이가 depth profiling 측정에서 깊이방향 분포에 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.110-116
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• 2013

Effects of elevated air temperature and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) concentration on the leaf surface structures were investigated in Liriodendron tulipifera (yellow poplar) and Populus tomentiglandulosa (Suwon poplar). Cuttings of the two tree species were exposed to elevated air temperatures at $27/22^{\circ}C$ (day/night) and $CO_2$ concentrations at 770/790 ppm for three months. The abaxial leaf surface of yellow poplar under an ambient condition ($22/17^{\circ}C$ and 380/400 ppm) had stomata and epicuticular waxes (transversely ridged rodlets). A prominent increase in the density of epicuticular waxes was found on the leaves under the elevated condition. Meanwhile, the abaxial leaf surface of Suwon poplar under an ambient condition was covered with long trichomes. The leaves under the elevated condition possessed a higher amount of long trichomes than those under the ambient condition. These results suggest that the two poplar species may change their leaf surface structures under the elevated air temperature and $CO_2$ concentration condition for acclimation of increased photosynthesis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.585-597
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• 2007

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of Tetracycline-HCI and Saline on the change of implant surface microstructure and surface roughness according to application time. Implants with resorbable blasting media surface were utilized. Before test all 13 implants were measured surface roughness. Among them, 6 implants were rubbed with 50mg/ml Tetracycline-HCl solution and other 6 implants with saline for $\frac{1}{2}$min., 1min., $1\frac{1}{2}$min., 2min., $2\frac{1}{2}$min and 3min. Then, specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopic observation and surface roughness after test. The results of this study were as follows. 1. Control group showed a few irregular, rough, uneven surface with crater-like depression. 2. The test group with Tetracycline-HCl conditioning showed an altered surface when Tetracycline-HCl was applied for 30secs, and showed a various surface alteration as application times go on. 3. The test group with Saline conditioning showed no significant surface differences and surface roughness. 4. The significant increase of Ra value was showed when Tetracycline-HCl was applied for 30secs. In conclusion, the 50mg/ml Tetracycline-HCl must not be applied for the RBM surface implant for surface treatment.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 1995

The Kamkye Cu-Pb-Zn-Au-Ag deposits occur as quartz veins that filled fault-related fractures of NW system developed in the Cretaceous Gyeongsang basin. Three major stages of mineral deposition are recognized: (1) the stage I associated with wall rock alteration, such as sericite, chlorite, epidote and pyrite, (2) the early stage II of base-metal mineralization such as pyrite, hematite, and small amounts of sphalerite and chalcopyrite. and the middle to late stage II of Cu-As-Sb-Au-Ag-S mineralization, such as sphalerite, chalcopyrite, galena with tetrahedrite, tennantite, pearceite, Pb-Bi-Cu-S system, argentite and electrum. (3) the stage III of supergene mineralization, such as covellite, chalcocite and malachite. K-Ar dating of alteration sericite is a late Cretaceous ($74.0{\pm}1.6Ma$) and it may be associated with granitic activity of nearby biotite granite and quartz porphyry. Fluid inclusion data suggest a complex history of boiling, cooling and dilution of ore fluids. Stage II mineralization occurred at temperatures between 370 to $220^{\circ}C$ from fluids with salinities of 8.4 to 0.9 wt.% NaCl. Early stage II($320^{\circ}C$, 2.0 wt.% NaCl) may be boiled due to repeated fracturing which opened up the hydrothermal system to the land surface, and which resulted in a base-metal sulfide. Whilst the fractures were opened to the surface, mixing of middle-late stage II ore fluids with meteoric waters resulted in deposition of Cu-As-Sb-Au-Ag minerals from low temperature fluids(${\leq}290^{\circ}C$). Boiling of ore fluids may be occured at a pressure of 112 bar and a depth of 412 m. Equilibrium thermodynamic interpretation of sphalerite-tetraherite assemblages in middle stage II indicates that the ore-forming fluid had log fugacities of $S_2$ of -6.6~-9.4 atm.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.954-961
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• 2008

원형 손상구멍이 있는 날개 주위 유동장에 대한 실험연구를 수행하였다. 손상은 시위의 10% 직경의 시위에 수직인 원형 구멍으로, 구멍 중심은 1/4 시위 혹은 1/2 시위에 위치하고 있다. 입자영상유속계에 의한 유동장 측정과 날개의 아래 및 윗면에서의 정압장을 시위를 기준으로 한 레이놀즈수 Rec=2.85×105에서 측정하였다. 입자영상유속계에 의한 유동 측정 결과 손상 구멍 주위에는 두 가지 형태의 유동구조가 형성되었다. 하나는 약한 제트로 손상 구멍 하류에서 부착된 후류가 생성된다. 다른 하나는 받음각 증가에 의한 강한제트에 의한 것으로 손상구멍으로부터 자유흐름으로 관통되어 접근하는 경계층 흐름을 박리시켜 역류가 있는 박리 후류구조를 생성한다. 날개면 압력 자료는 원형 손상 구멍 근처에서 큰 압력변화를 보여주었다. 이러한 압력변화는 손상구멍이 앞전 쪽에 가까울수록 증가하였다.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2000년도 제20회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 논문집
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• pp.189-196
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• 2000

A numerical simulation was conducted to analyze the interaction of flame and vortices. The characteristic scales of flame and vortices were limited in the thin laminar flamelet regime. Within this regime, flame is assumed as discontinuity surface and its motion in flow field was described by G-equation instead of full governing equations. Additional approximations include distribution of line volume sources on flame surface to simulate effect of volume expansion. Contrast to previous calculations, current study employed vortex transport equation to evaluate attenuation and smearing of vortices. Two extreme conditions of frozen vortex and frozen flame were considered to validate the current method. Comparison with direct numerical simulation resulted in satisfactory quantitative agreement with higher computational efficiency which warrants the usefulness of the present model in more complex situation.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.610-612
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• 1999

In this study, we used both displacement-current method and BAM(Brewster-Angle Microscope) to study on the molecular orientation of monolayer on the water surface. The displacement-current method measured behaviors of molecules by current and BAM was shown to be sensitive to film anisotropy even when the molecules were not tilted as long as the unit cell was anisotropic. Every transition was visible with BAM technique, either as a dramatic change in decree of contrast or as a sudden alteration of the mosaic domain texture.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.38-50
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• 2022

As a low-cost and high-efficiency electrocatalysts with high performance and stability become a key challenge in the development of the practical use of water electrolysis, there is an intense interest in transition-metal oxalate-based materials. Transition-metal oxalate-based catalysts with excellent electrochemical performances have been widely applied in water electrolysis due to its low-cost and ease of synthesis. This review provides a useful summary on the development of transition-metal oxalate as potential catalysts for water electrolysis with a focus on the structural and compositional alteration, role of oxalate anion, and enhanced electrochemical performances.