• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify the attributes of self-help groups, their antecedents and consequences relating to self-help groups. Methods: We used the Walker and Avant (2010) method using the key word "self-help groups" the Korea Education and Research Information Service (www.riss4u.net), Pubmed, CINAHL and ProQuest for articles on this topic published between January 2000 and March 2013 were searched. Ultimately, 64 domestic and 21 foreign papers were selected for in-depth analysis. Results: The attributes of self-help groups are as follows: 1) members share common experiences and are supportive of each other; 2) members set goals for individual change; 3) groups are self-monitoring; 4) groups learn problem-solving processes through voluntary and active participation; and 5) groups are small and meet regularly. The antecedents of self-help groups are as follows: 1) an intervention by an expert; 2) a diagnosis of their illness; 3) motivation to change individuals' state; and 4) educational desire. The consequences of self-help groups are the relief of symptoms, the improvement of physiological parameters and quality of life, the decrease in depression, stress, and anxiety, the improvement of illness-related knowledge and self-help activity, and a change in beliefs. Conclusion: Self-help groups can be used as an intervention strategy to help people with chronic illness manage their own problems.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.1
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• pp.94-106
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• 1980

The issue presented in this paper are as follows: 1. Legislative actions of welfare-related law for the exceptional children. The legislative base for the evolution has been yet weak and ambigous at best for a formalization of what should be considered accepted practice and effective action in providing handicapped child and their parents educational rights and equal protection of the law. And they are under remote control of partial factor subject to social welfare law for children, and public law for education, promotion law for the exceptional child education, protection law for public aids. 2. Organization of government for the welfare services for the exceptional children. There is no sing of a push toward consolidation of effort for the welfare service of the exceptional children in this country that seeks to recapture a sense of unity, of coherence, of completeness from a reality made up of discontinuous fragments of humanitarian effora This presently that. as for the education of the exceptional child, by the section of the exceptional education in MOE (Ministry of Education), and/or as for welfare services and promotion actions, by the section of child welfare in MHSA (Ministry of Health and Social Affairs). One door type operation rooted in the specialization, and limited resources to evolve multi-purpose agencies that undertake to provide a broad range of tangible and concrete services, as well as supportive counselling and assessment, under a single management which plans and directs the allocations of resources, should be followed. 3. Facilities and recruitment of teachers for the exceptional children. In this country there are 54 facilities for special services, 56 schools for the exceptional education, and 3 colleges and equavalents that provide teacher training services leading to certification with IIO annual graduates. However, curriculum for exceptional children should be rearranged and reconstructed. Conclusion; Only as for social welfare institutions in community, this country produced a succession of specific purpose activities, over period of time, that accumulated to form the present network of hundreds of social welfare organizations and facilities Periodically major efforts were launched to revitalize or to improve the help-giving system. But they lack specialization to be effective, and the nature of multi-purpose center tends to be vague for the classified handicapped. Therefore, there, should be linkage between policy maker and community services to maintain some coherenty in preventive care, treatment, and after cares. At last, the effects of the current concept "the exceptional child" involved with their families, and their neighborhood should be considered in view of the people who consist about 25% of the total population.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.83-108
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• 2008

This thesis investigated disabled students' actual status of applying for university libraries. This thesis investigated how many times the university disabled students utilized the libraries, if facilities, apparatuses, materials, and regular employees were operated properly, and if they were established actually on the target at thirty private university libraries located at Seoul and Gyeonggi regions in operation of specially screening the objective students for special education in 2008. The investigation found that the general operation level of university libraries for disabled students were less than "medium"(average 2.38). As for utilization ratio, the most university students responded that "they didn't utilize libraries so many times(60%)". As for the response ratio of university library facilities and services, the most university students responded, "very insufficient", 99 items(32.27%), and the least university students responded, "very excellent", 28 items(7.0%). On the other hand, as for the analysis of each field, building facilities, in all of the items, were established more than "medium"(average 3.26), but material preparation level(average 1.8 point), employee education for softly supporting disabled students, and library utilization education on the target at disabled students(average 1.87) were less than "insufficient". Especially, the field of service was "insufficient level"(average 2.48), and standard deviation was more than 1.4. Manpower stationing and material delivery services have the biggest standard deviation between universities. So, this investigation found that university libraries reformed access to facilities a lot, but that its level of fundamental policy for library, such as materials, manpower, and the education on utilization, were in insufficient level.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.411-420
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• 2018

This study was conducted to identify the effects of interpersonal communication between health care providers after receiving supplementary education. The participants of this study were 433 health care providers who work at 29 general hospitals in Gwangju Metropolitan City and Jeollanamdo Province. Data were collected from June 8 to June 25, 2018 and evaluated by t-tests, dispersion analysis, correlation analysis and stepwise regression. The results were produced by investigating interpersonal communications according to socio-demographic and health-related characteristics including age, education level, bed size of the hospital at which the participant worked, job satisfaction, hospital location, personal health status, experience with health care management and experience with depression. There were significant differences in communication observed according to supplemental education awareness regarding age, bed size of hospital, occupation, wage, type of medical institution of employment, job satisfaction, work location, health status, health care education experience and chronic disease. There were positive correlations between supplemental education awareness in health workers and their interpersonal communication. The factors that had positive effects on interpersonal communication were level of education and health-related education experience, while age, hospital bed size and job dissatisfaction had negative effects. Finally, support environment, learning transfer and results were identified as sub-factors of supplemental education. Based on the results above, it was proposed that educational training to enhance results, provide a supportive environment and foster learning transfer be developed to increase communication between health workers and provide a safe health service for patients.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.329-344
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to identify utilization of the work-family support policy (WFSP) and factors affecting retention intention among Korean female military officers. Methods: This cross-sectional survey recruited 103 married female officers from the Korean Army, Navy, and Air force with preschool-aged children through convenience and snowball sampling. Via online surveys from June to November, 2018, the participants self-reported retention intention, work-family conflict, job satisfaction, and utilization of the WFSP. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression. Results: Retention intention ($22.29{\pm}5.98$) was reported at the mid-level, lower than scores reported in the literature for female workers. Work-family conflict ($32.51{\pm}5.29$) and job satisfaction ($63.10{\pm}7.45$) were above the midpoint levels. Use of maternity leave (100.0%) and parental leave (92.2%) was high, especially compared to the rates of child-care day off (20.4%) and parenting time (20.4%). 'Noticeable increases in childcare services within the army' (22.8%) was reported as the supportive measure needed the most by female military officers. Job satisfaction (${\beta}=.43$, $p{\leq}.001$), the use of parenting time (${\beta}=-0.29$, p=.002), living type (${\beta}=-.18$, p=.043), and service type (${\beta}=-.16$, p=.035) significantly influenced retention intention. Conclusions: The findings highlight the priority areas of importance within the WFSP and suggest that a family-friendly culture can improve female officers' retention intention. Accordingly, policy changes at the Ministry of National Defense improving the system to enhance a family-friendly culture in the military is expected to strengthen the retention intention of female officers and contribute to excellence in the military workforce.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.659-689
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• 2020

This study focuses on the process of internalizing the perception of negative discrimination among elderly people who have experienced age discrimination. The grounded theory method was used to identify the age discrimination experienced by the elderly in their daily lives and to explore the consequences of such discrimination through self-ageism. According to the analysis results, the elderly respond not only to explicit discrimination but also to implicit discrimination. In this process, the stronger the pain of old age (poverty, disease, ignorance, and solitude) and the stronger the memory of failing to respond to discrimination, the higher the level of self-ageism. "Self-ageism" has internalized the negative image of the elderly, who have been discriminated against by age, resulting in disadvantages in terms of quality of life through various reject/separate/suspension actions in reality. In the presence of supportive resources such as health, institutional support, and caregivers, the elderly have room to overcome self-ageism through more active ways. However elderly people who cannot motivate themselves and they lack these resources, elderly are trapped in negative reflux caused by self-ageism and sustained a depressed and shrinking life. In this state, it is not easy to motivate themselves and make physical, cognitive, emotional and social responses. Therefore, in this analysis, we specifically noted two aspects, contextual conditions and interventional conditions, and proposed programs for synchronizing senior citizens and improving resiliency from a microscopic point of view, and argued for the need to develop systems such as supplementing welfare and health service systems related to the entire life cycle, expanding accessibility and 'age-integration' through 'Community Care', awareness improvement and anti-discrimination laws.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.309-334
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• 2010

This study explores gender mechanism of welfare politics in Korea from the perspective of welfare status theory. In the simplistic analysis, it is found that there is no gender difference in welfare attitudes. In the more sophisticated analysis of welfare-status-beased SEM, however, it is found that Korean welfare politics is to be understood in terms of gender-related politics. Three major findings of this study are as follows. Firstly, Korean women possess less pro-welfare attitudes in terms of the status of welfare beneficiary. This is due to the visible gender segregation in the Korean labor market on the one hand and due to the centrality of social insurance programs in the structure of Korean public welfare system on the other hand. Secondly, Korean women have relatively higher level of pro-welfare attitude when it comes to the status of welfare service provider. Thirdly, Korean women tend to be more supportive to pro-welfare parties as they have less chance to be a higher taxpayer. Based on the above mentioned findings, this study concludes that it is possible to make Korean women be more pro-welfare if the Korean welfare state expands more social services that tend to meet urgent needs of women.

• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.53
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• pp.455-489
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• 2017

The new system on the Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR) in the Indian Companies Act became overnight sensation to the worldwide. However there has been very few studies which are analyzing a purpose of it under the context of Indian societies. This paper examines the circumstance whether the CSR activities is functioning well or not. And verifying problems regarding it and suggesting supportive measures are a target of this paper. Though Indian government already established CSR legislation, they did not stipulate the penalty clause. And that became why corporations were poorly perform on CSR activities in first year of enforcement. Furthermore, There is a proclivity that corporations lack an understanding for which activities could be recognized into the CSR. And they excused that they had no time for themselves to adjust an abruptly changing business landscape. With all, unlike rosy expectations, corporations only showed little interests to the area where the investment or attentions from the media are expected. Fortunately, incumbent legislative is fully aware of it and exploit their best resources to various social fields. Despite the doubts that they originally did not have any intention to introduce the penalty clause, they are handling problems in ways that corporations can be invited in public programs. They also need to request the service sectors to take a leading role of it, which could provide the financial, or telecommunication service to the people in rural province. Thus, the fact that there was a substantial rise in terms of the amount of CSR expenses in 2015 provides a supporting evidence to the endeavors of the government. In doing so, we could finally achieve a better understanding of two-fold goals shown in this paper; maturing settlement of this legislation and development of Indian society.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.227-240
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• 2005

Health promotion has more comprehensive approaches in recent years. Nevertheless we accept the concept of health promotion differently, we are agree on that community is the most important field in health promotion which includes population at the aspect of health policy, individual skill and, environment. And there are a number of different approaches to health promotion. In them, 'population approaches' and 'high -risk group approaches' has the most different characteristics. 'Population approaches' is equally important or more important than 'individual approaches' for maintaining and promoting population health. Almost part of this article contents is the summary of the guideline and population strategy of health promotion in Korea, 1999 - 2005. Community based health promotion program should be reinforced, integrated, comprehensive, collaborative through efficiently utilizing community resources. Recent new orientation of community health program is integrated health program, we can find this orientation at Ottawa charter 1986. Comprehensive approaches with the determinant factors for health are essential task. Physical activity is a key health determinant. The population-health approach suggests that educating people about physical activity is not enough. Individual behavior changes are important too, but need to be balanced with strategies for environmental change. Population strategy with physical activity for health promotion should be developed through improving social and physical supportive environment, linking and integrating community resources between public and private sectors in national, regional and local level. Continuous public education and social marketing should be provided through collaborating with community physical activity organization, facilities, work-places and school for increasing concern of all the people of community about physical activity. Governments, agencies and citizens should held and participate to building movement. And the strategy that various 'active for life' program should be developed, delivered, maintained and reinforced continuously. Basically, adequate and sufficient financing, developing human resources, policies and legislation would be provided and supported fully too. At last, research development and knowledge exchange are required domestically and internationally. In Korea, we had classified the category of strategic priority of physical activity programs by environmental support, life-course approach, high-risk group approach and disease group approach for physical activity program based on community health center. Community based core programs for physical activity that includes infrastructure building and establishment of supporting environment, community campaign, health promotion education and public service announcement, physical activity programs for elderly and obesity, exercise prescription program.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.47-76
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• 1989

The objectives of this study was to analyze the major causes of decreasing utilization rate of health care institutios in pilot-project area of regional medical insurance, Kwang-hwa and Kun-wi country. After the implementation of medical insurance, utilization rate of health institutions turned out' to be lower than it was estimated, when the pilot-project of regional medical insurance was planned. It might be due to changes in inhabitant's behavioral attitude toward medical insurance. So this study was made to find measures for financial stability by increasing utilization rate of health care institutions and to be available for basic demand-supply program of medical care. The hypothesis of this study was as follows; First. there is difference in understanding health care institutions between Kun-wi and Kwang-hwa. Second. respondesnts of inquiry survey have exact knowledge of their past experience of treatment taken prior to enforcement of medical insurance, Questionaire survey was made as to each 700 household among total 11, 884 households in Kun-wi and 20,919 households in Kwang-hwa. In case of Kun-wi, 70% of inquired households (491) gave their answers. In Kwang-hwa, the number was 560 households (80% of inquireds). Dollected data was processed and analyzed by way of using SPSS batch system. To evaluate facto rs distribution aspects of data and to make comparison between two area, percentage and $X^2$ distribution were applied. The results were as follows; L The utilization rate of health care institutions in Kun-wi and Kwang-hwa was lower than it was estimated. when pilot-project of medical insurance was planned. 2. Prior to the implementation of medical insurance. inhabitants in two area chose the medical institutions considering such factors. First was medical care fee cheap. second in habitant's residence, Third was the institutions conveniently easy of access. 3. After the implementation of medical insurance. 26.1% of inqurieds in Kun-wi and 41.6% in Kwang-hwa, changed medical institutions. In case of Kwn-wi, from health care institution (p 0.05), and in case of Kwang-hwa, vice versa, from general medical institutions to health care institutions. 4. Evaluation by factors were made such as follows. Inquired gave high marks to following facts: In case of Kun-wi, general medical institutions were difficult of access and relation between patients: was not friendly, but burden of medical expenditure was light. Effects of treatment and facilities was good. In case of Kwang-hwa, inquired gave high evaluation marks to the follow ing facts; facilities of medical institutions was not good, but the burden of medical expenditure was light. 5. After the implementation of medical insurance, the services was evaluated as good, but inquired hopec for lessening the burden of medical expenditure. 6. In case of exact understanding of cost-sharing, the evaluation rate in Kwang-hwa was higher than that of Kun-wi (p < 0.005). And positive attitude toward necessity of medical insurance was also good in Kwang-hwa (p < 0.05). 7. In case of inquired's attitude toward medical institutions, Kwang-hwa showed positive response (p < 0.05) 8. In the case of comparison between general medical institution and health care institution, two area showed similar positive response; medical manpower, facilities of medical institutions and effest: of treatement was good. 9. In comprehensive evaluation of benefit-service; the general medical institution's positiveness was higher than that of health care institutions in Kun-wi. But in Kwang-hwa vice-versa. 10. If the medical expenditure of general medical institution and health care institutions was equal 77% of inquireds in Kun-wi and 59.1% in Kwang-hwa answered that they chose general medical insurance. Considering results above mentioned, the conclusion of this study was made as follows. 1. In Kwang-hwa county, where the understanding of health care institutions's was good, the utilization's of health care institutions was shown high. Therefore, in case of Kwang-hwa, betterment: should be made to induce increasing utilization rate for negative factors of health care institutions. 2. In case of Kun-wi, where the understanding of health care institutions was on the decrease, measures for changing such negative factors should be taken by way of strengthening public relations. And cases of Kwang-hwa should also be studied. 3. On the side of financial stabilization and establishing health care delivery system, primary health care should be available. Therefore, the major cause of inhabitant's avoiding health care institutions should be known. And measures for activating that institutions have to be taken. So, the facilities of health care institution have to be improved up to the level of clinic. And supportive measures for securing equipment and improving health care services should also be taken. It is necessary that strategy for public relations should be employed with policy considerations and supports.