• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.469-478
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 학생들이 과학과 과학자에 대한 이미지를 다양화하기 위해 과학자들의 인간적인 면이 드러난 에피소드를 활용한 '과학자의 희로애락 프로그램'을 개발해 학생들의 반응을 파악했다. 과학자의 다양한 이미지를 학습자에게 제공함으로써 과학자에 대한 이미지가 어떻게 다양해졌는지, 자신의 과학 학습과 진로에 어떻게 영향을 주었는지 살펴보았다. 프로그램은 과학자의 희로애락 관련 총 5개 주제, 10차시로 구성되었고, 20명의 고등학생들이 참여했으며 이 중 5명의 수업 전후 조사지, 수업 중 상호 작용, 활동지 자료, 면담 자료, 수업현장 노트 등을 심층 분석했다. 과학자의 인간적인 면을 나타내는 수업의 흐름은 먼저 과학자에 대한 이미지 떠올리기, 과학사 에피소드 읽기, 과학자의 인간적 측면 탐색하기, 과학자의 상황 공감하기, 과학자의 인간적 측면 평가하기 등의 단계로 구성되었다. 프로그램에 참여한 학생들은 과학자도 감정을 가진 평범한 사람이라는 것을 알게 되었고, 과학자에게 친밀감을 느끼게 되었으며, 과학자가 될 수 있다는 자신감도 갖게 되었다. 학생들이 과학자의 다양한 측면을 이해하게 됨으로써 과학과 과학자에 대해 더 큰 지지를 보낼 수 있는 과학적 소양을 갖추게 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.53-81
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• 2017

우리나라에서 표적살인(Targeted Killing)은 많이 논의되지 않았지만 군사과학기술의 발전과 더불어 대(代)테러전쟁에서 핵심전략으로 떠올랐다. 표적살인 전략의 핵심요소인 무인항공기(UAV)는 조종사가 탑승하지 않은 채 원격조종으로 특정목표를 미사일로 공격할 수 있다. 이 전략은 국방예산의 절감하는 방안이면서 총력전에서 적의 수장을 제거하여 심리전에서 우위를 차지하기 위한 방안으로 주목을 받고 있다. 이에 우리나라도 한반도의 평화를 지키기 위한 전략으로서 도입을 고려할 필요가 있다. 그러나 무인항공기를 사용한 표적살인 전략은 전쟁행위인지 아니면 살인행위인지에 대한 크나큰 논란이 있다. 공격 대상인 테러리스트 등은 자신들이 공격대상이라는 사실을 알지도 못한 채 죽임을 당하기 때문에 미국 시민단체 등을 중심으로 생명의 윤리성에 대하여 문제의 제기를 하고 있다. 또한 미사일 공격으로 무고한 시민이 사망할 수 있다는 것과 자국군에 대한 오발을 행할 수도 있다는 점, 조종사가 심리적으로 겪을 수 있는 전투 스트레스 등이 주요 문제이다. 그래서 이러한 우려를 불식시키기 위해 투명성과 정당성의 확보가 필요하다. 나아가 무인항공기 표적살인 가이드라인을 제정하여 전략의 엄중한 실행과 남용을 막고 국민의 신뢰를 확보할 필요가 있다. 이러한 가이드라인에서는 미국과 같이 대통령이 단독으로 전략의 실행을 결정하는 것이 아니라 국회의 동의를 받아 실행하게 된다면 국민의 신뢰를 얻을 수 있을 것이라고 생각한다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.5-24
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• 1996

The Delivery Process can be viewed as one of the developmental crisis that forces the majority of women. During the labor and delivery process the women may face a variety of problems and pain with all its subjectivity. This developmental crisis may lead a pregnant women to have a negative experience in delivery. For nurses, to help to pregnant women check with the crisis and perceived support and to positive experience. This study intended to analyze the pregnant women's delivery experience according to supporter during labor. The subjects for this study were 45 pregnant women who had normal delivery without complications, within 37 to 42 weeks of pregnancy. Data Collection was done from April 24th to May 20th 1995 by two instruments, a support measurement scale and a delivery experience measurement scale which were consisted it 18-items scale developed by researcher. The data was analyzed by SPPS program using descriptive statistic Kruskal-Wallis one way analysis and Spearman Correlation Coefficient. The result of this study are as follows. 1. Support distribution by support contents is shown is order of holding the hands (97.8%), help to urination(86.7%), bed arrangement(57.8%), massaging the arms and legs(55.6%), changes in posture(44.4%), teaching how to produce power(44.4%), while emotional support is disclosed in order of sympathy(97.8%), encouragement(82.2%), hearing the needs(60.0%), However, information support was as low as less than 33.3%. 2. The extent of delivery experience a Pregnant woman perceives is revealed in order of a sense of comfortableness(44%), satisfaction(43.2%), reduction of fear(43.2%), familiarity (42.8%), self-confidence (42.5%), decrease of laborpain(39.9%). 3. The extent of delivery support a pregnant woman perceives reveals that physical support($x^2$=22.4452, P=.000) and information support($x^2$=7.5187, P=.0233) Show a significant difference among the mothers group, the mothers-in-law group, the husbands group, but to significant difference was found in emotional support among them. 4. The extent of delivery experience a pregnant woman perceives represents a significant difference in order of the mothers group, the mothers in-law group, and the husbands group($x^2$=13.4255, P=.0012). 5. A positive correlation was manifested between the extent of support and delivery experience a pregnant woman perceives(r=.8643, P=.000). This information can be utilized as data to further the understanding delivery experience according to supporter. In Consequence, it is recommended that the range of family support limited to husband should be expended including mother and mother-in-law.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.424-434
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• 2002

Background & purpose Since the 1970's the rate of breast-feeding has decreased significantly. The Korean National Institute of Health reported that the rate of breastfeeding was 68.9% in 1982 and 14.1% in 1997. There are many influencing factors including: the lack of education and information on breast feeding, lack of faith in breast feeding, increment of the rate of working, lack of encouragement by supporters in difficult situations, and nurses' low level of knowledge about breast feeding. Such a lack of knowledge and support of breast-feeding at home by family members create another dilemma to the problem of breast-feeding. If problems arise and family members are unable to provide assistance due to the deficiency of knowledge, mothers show a tendency to abandon breast-feeding. The purpose of this research is to find out the rate of breast-feeding practice by time sequence of 1 week, 6 weeks and 12 weeks after birth and influencing factors on breast-feeding practice centered on the postpartal women who were 3discharged from one hospital, which is located in Seoul and provides simple breast-feeding education and continuous postnatal telephone consultation. Methodology The subjects of this research were 54 women who gave birth in a hospital located in Seoul from 1 March 2000 to 31 April 2000. After birth the subjects were educated individually about breast-feeding and telephone consultations were conducted. On the 1st week, 6th week, and 12th week, the subjects were surveyed about their breast-feeding practice rates and methods by telephone. Results 1) Complete breast-feeding rate: Within one week after birth, the subjects showed 64.2% complete breast-feeding rate. Within 6 weeks, 39.6%, and 12 weeks, 34.1%. 2) Partial breast-feeding rate: Within one week after birth, the subjects showed 32.1% partial breast-feeding rate. Within 6 weeks, 39.6%, and 12 weeks 15.1%. 3) Complete bottle-feeding rate Within one week after birth, the subjects showed 1.9% complete bottle-feeding rate. Within 6 weeks of giving birth 15.1%, and 12 weeks 17.0%. These results show that individual education about breast-feeding and continuous postnatal telephone consultation influenced on the practice of breast-feeding. On considering the reality of the hospital situation in which nurses could not operate education program due to the work-load, it is necessary to find out selectively those mothers who are unable to breast feed and provide education individually and continuous support by telephone follow up. Futhermore, the active role of lactation nurse specialist and their efficient management of breast-feeding for the successful practice is required.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7143-7147
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• 2013

Background: The survival outcomes for women presenting with early breast cancer are influenced by treatment decisions. In Malaysia, survival outcome is generally poor due to late presentation. Of those who present early, many refuse treatment for complementary therapy. Objective: This study aimed to explore the decision making experiences of women with early breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A qualitative study using individual in-depth interviews was conducted to capture the decision making process of women with early breast cancer in Malaysia. We used purposive sampling to recruit women yet to undergo surgical treatment. A total of eight participants consented and were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. These women were recruited from a period of one week after they were informed of their diagnoses. A topic guide, based on the Ottawa decision support framework (ODSF), was used to facilitate the interviews, which were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using a thematic approach. Results: We identified four phases in the decision-making process of women with early breast cancer: discovery (pre-diagnosis); confirmatory ('receiving bad news'); deliberation; and decision (making a decision). These phases ranged from when women first discovered abnormalities in their breasts to them making final surgical treatment decisions. Information was vital in guiding these women. Support from family members, friends, healthcare professionals as well as survivors also has an influencing role. However, the final say on treatment decision was from themselves. Conclusions: The treatment decision for women with early breast cancer in Malaysia is a result of information they gather on their decision making journey. This journey starts with diagnosis. The women's spouses, friends, family members and healthcare professionals play different roles as information providers and supporters at different stages of treatment decisions. However, the final treatment decision is influenced mainly by women's own experiences, knowledge and understanding.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.1229-1243
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• 1997

The purpose of this study were to :(a) investigate meal costs, plate waste costs, and advantages/disadvantages of conventional /commissary foodservices and (b) compare the effectiveness of commissary foodservice systems with that of conventional systems. Questionnaires were developed and mailed to 136 schools in Kyonggi-do. A total of 106 questionnaires were usable, resulting in a 77.9% response rate. Teacher's teaching of good food habits and students satisfaction with school foodservices were surveyed in three schools from each system. Moreover, plate waste was measured to express cost and benefit in currency. Data were analyzed using the SAS package for description analysis, t-test, $\chi$$^2$ test, ANOVA, and the Vilcoxon rank sum test. Approximately seventy percent of 294schools in Kyonggi-do were operating commissary systems and most of them were of the rural (reduced paid) type. The number of meals served varied significantly between types of foodservice. The results of this study indicated that average food , labor utility , and supply costs were saved in the commissary system and that the total meal cost/person for a day was 1218.7 won compared to 1452.4 won in the conventional system. Though total meal costs were saved in the commissary system, dietitians had difficulties cooperating with school foodservice committees and supporters associations, especially in satellites of the commissary system. In addition, dietitians and teachers in the commissary system did not carry out teaching activities on good food habits to students as often as in the conventional system. Other problems that dietitians recognized in the commissary system were difficulties in training employees and parents for portion control and serving relatively simple menus. Students, as customers of school foodservices, are very important for system evaluation . Students in the commissary system scored of food itself , cleanliness of tableware, waiting time, quantity of meal and food temperature significantly lower than students in the conventional system. Moreover , the rate of plate waste was 20.5% in the commissary system as compared to 3.3% in the conventional system. Cost-effectiveness (saving 233.7won/person/day) is the main benefit of the commissary system. However , because of lower satisfaction scores and a highest plate waste rate, 201.9won/ person were wasted in the commissary system. The results of this study suggest that increasing the number of meals served within a commissary system might maximize the efficiency of the system, but increasing the number of satellites is not recommended because it might be out of dietitians control in many aspects.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.175-190
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• 2018

본 연구는 임상시험코디네이터 간호사의 근무환경, 직무만족, 조직몰입이 이직의도에 미치는 영향을 확인하고자 한 서술적 조사연구이다. 연구 결과 조직몰입이 임상시험코디네이터 간호사의 이직의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인임이 파악되었다. 반면 근무환경, 직무만족이 임상시험코디네이터 간호사의 이직의도에 미치는 영향은 통계적으로 유의하지 않았다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 다음과 같은 주요 논의점을 도출하였다. 조직몰입을 높이기 위해서는 병원 운영 및 행정에 대한 참여 기회 증가, 소속감 향상을 위한 소속기관 확립과 같은 제도적인 개선이 필요하다. 또한 각 병원마다 자체적으로 근무환경 향상을 위한 복지 및 임금체계 기준 마련이 필요하다. 실제 연구 수행자이면서 동시에 연구 지원자인 임상시험코디네이터 간호사의 조직몰입이 간과된다면, 임상시험의 성과와 질은 저하될 수밖에 없을 것이다. 따라서 고용형태를 계약직에서 보다 안정적인 고용형태로 전환하여 업무 지속성과 조직에 대한 헌신도를 높여 임상시험 전 과정에 있어 중추적인 역할을 수행할 수 있도록 개선해 나가야 할 것이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.247-256
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• 2018

본 연구는 세속 직업에 종사하다가 대학생 선교단체 간사로 경력을 전환한 대학생 선교단체 간사의 경력전환 과정과 경험을 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위하여 한국대학생선교회(CCC)에 소속되어 있는 시니어간사 5명을 인터뷰하여 분석하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학생 기독선교회 시니어 간사의 경력전환 동기는 소명의식과 유관함을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 경력전환 과정에서 새로운 환경에 대한 적응과 주위로 부터의 격려와 지지를 경험하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 간사의 경력전환의 의미는 하고자 했던 일을 다시 찾게 됨과 약속지킴, 특별하고 영광스러운 삶인 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 연구결과를 토대로 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 선교단체 간사의 소명실행은 소명확인의 단계가 필수적임을 확인할 수 있었다. 둘째, 선교단체 간사의 소명실행은 주위 지지자들이 있을 때 더욱 지속됨을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 선교단체 간사의 경력전환경험이 갖는 의미는 소명을 따라가는 삶에 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.186-198
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to analyze social support, job satisfaction and burnout level of Korean nurses who are working in Germany. The data were obtained from 71 nurses in terms of questionnaire which was distributed between October 2000. to January 2001. The analysis of the data was done by means of the SPSS program. The results of this study were as follows ; 1. The subjects had social supporters on the average of 8 to 9. The total social support score was 264.79. An analysis of the relationship between social support and general characteristics for the subjects was found to be statistically significant in the case of religion(t=2.783, p< .05 ) and work experience(F=2.594, p< .05). 2. The mean score of job satisfaction was the highest in interaction(3.71) followed by the relationship between nurses and doctors (3.56), and then followed by autonomy, professional position, pay, requirements, administration in descending order. So the total mean score 3.33 was based on a maximum score of 5. An analysis of the relationship between job satisfaction and general characteristics for the subjects was found to be statistically significant in the case of the thought of the value for the nurse job (F=4.977, p< .001). 3. The mean score of burnout level was 2.94 based on a maximum score of 7. Burnout level was the highest in the order of physical exhaustion, emotional exhaustion and mental exhaustion. An analysis of the relationship between burnout level and general characteristics for the subjects was found to be statistically significant in the case of planning period of employed nursing profession (F=4.113, p< .001), shift of work department (F=2.593, p< .05 ), thought of the value for the nurse job (F=3.789, p< .001). 4. The job satisfaction was found higher as the social support was higher(r= .278, p< .05). The burnout level was found lower as the social support was higher(r= .342, p< .01). The burnout level was found lower as the job satisfaction was higher(r= .478, p< .01). These results discussed on the above indicated that social support influenced on job satisfaction and burnout level, and that job satisfaction influenced on burnout level. To improve job satisfaction for the nurse, it is necessary that the role of social support as well as the method to increase it should be investigated correctly. The study to adjust as well as to prevent burnout level is absolutely needed.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.537-541
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 전력연구원으로부터 공급받은 건식 흡수제인 sorbA를 이용하여 기포 유동층 반응기에서 $CO_2$ 흡수반응 특성을 살펴보았다. sorbA는 $CO_2$ 흡수를 위한 탄산나트륨과 내마모성과 기계적 강도를 위한 지지체로 구성되어 있다. $CO_2$ 흡수는 $50-70^{\circ}C$의 온도 범위에서, 재생은 $120-300^{\circ}C$의 온도 범위에서 이루어졌다. 반응시작 전 sorbA에 일정량의 물을 미리 함유하게 한 경우, $50^{\circ}C$에서 반응 초기 1-2분 동안 100％의 $CO_2$ 제거율을 보였다. 고온에서 재생되는 경우 반복 실험으로 인한 흡수제의 반응성과 제거 용량의 저하는 없었다. NMR 스펙트럼을 통해서 흡수반응과 재생반응 후 시료의 성분을 파악하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 두 개의 유동층 반응기를 가진 연속장치의 설계와 운전에 중요한 기초자료가 될 것이다.