• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.198-206
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• 2005

The single sourcing policy, in which an automobile manufacturer purchases identical or similar parts from one supplier, has an advantage of scale economy. Meanwhile, multiple sourcing policy, which allows procuring similar parts from multiple suppliers, has benefits of dispersing risks and promoting competition among suppliers. This paper analyzes the procurement policies by presenting a model of the Japanese automobile parts trade. It concludes that maturity of technology involved should be taken into account besides above-mentioned factors which have traditionally been recognized. For parts produced using evolving technologies, the single sourcing enhances purchaser’s benefits because of the scale economy in learning process. In the meantime, multiple sourcing is more beneficial to the purchaser if the parts are based on mature technologies. In either policy, if the technology involved is evolving, motivating suppliers by returning a great part of cost reduction as a reward to them may eventually increase profit for the purchaser. The conclusion supports the situation where the number of suppliers is being cut down as the trend of modularization and system deliveries of parts progresses in the auto parts industry, and suggests that returning part of benefits to parts suppliers may be encouraged from the viewpoint of auto manufacturers’ own interest.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권10호
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• pp.3011-3022
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 ASP 도입에 미치는 영향 요인을 조직 요인, 시스템 요인, 환경 요인 등을 독립 변수로 설정하고, 공급사와 고객사 간의 적합성을 조절 변수로 설정하였으며 종속 변수는 ASP 도입 성과로 설정하였다. 검증 결과 독립 변수들 가운데 유일하게 비용 절감의 기대 요인만이 ASP 도입 성과에 긍정적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 분석되었다. 또한, 조절변수로 설정된 공급사와 고객사 간의 적합성 요인은 독립 변수 중 유일하게 비용 절감의 기대요인과 ASP 도입 성과 간에 조절적인 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2018년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.553-554
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• 2018

공급사슬 관리(SCM) 는 흔히 원재료가 완제품으로 되기 까지 다시 말하면 공급자에서 소비자로 전달되는 전체적인 절차(부품조달, 생산계획, 납품, 재고관리등)를 주로 통칭한다. 기본적으로 전통적인 공급사슬 관리는 비용 절감과 효율성에 주로 목적을 두고 있다. 하지만 비용절감과 효율성에만 목적을 두다 보니 신뢰성 확보가 상대적으로 부족하여 4차 산업의 중심이 Smart Factory 에 그대로 적용 하기에는 다소 무리가 있다. 본 논문 에서는 전통적인 공급사슬 관리 에 사물인터넷을 더하여 각 요소들을 자동 제어 하고 블록 체인을 이용하여 보안 또한 만족할 수 있는 형태의 공급사슬관리망 을 제안한다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.667-683
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• 2015

Since aged water treatment facilities could threaten the sustainable water supply, asset management system has been adopted for their systematic management. Level of Service(LoS) is one of critical components of asset management and could be quantified through benchmark index(BMI). Water supplier could estimate consumer's satisfaction and their performance through BMI to improve the LoS. We developed BMI for water treatment facilities from customer's satisfaction survey. BMI, represented with the Total Service Score(TSS), was assessed with water quality, water pressure, taste and odor, water rate, and service quality with weighing factors. BMI could, further, be used to assist the analysis of the life cycle cost to increase the unit of LoS.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.43-63
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to find out what is the functional role of VTS in order to get the people concerned with marine traffic/transportation understand about VTS. VTS could be described as the essential risk management system in both cost effective on cost-benefit analysis and the sea space or time management at port, coastal environment. The important role of the VTS are those functions such as the decision making infrastructure, the passive/active safety measures at sea. VTS could not control/regulate marine traffic as strong as ATC(Air Traffic Control) owing to the marine traffic characters. However, the right and responsibility of VTS finally are belong to the master, pilot and mariners. For the benefit of the electronic technology development, VTS system also cloud be upgraded to communication system from information system. In connection with these system upgrading, the right and responsibility of VTS/staff should be supported by domestic legal system. The followings are presented for VTS to be effective. First, the cooperation and understanding of VTS between the peoples concerned with marine traffic/transportation are essential. Because they are all data supplier and also information consumers. Second, VTS staff/regulator should be selected, educated, trained accordingly as per their career, ability, quality, qualification, certification and etc. Third, the port reliability from VTS users depends on the factors such as economic interests, safety and effectiveness/efficiency of VTS.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.621-639
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• 2015

1990년대 후반 이후 완성차 메이커의 구조조정, 외국 부품공급업체의 국내진출, 글로벌 차원에서의 부품조달, 산업의 IT화에 따른 개방적 부품 조달체계의 확산, 그리고 모듈화 등이 수직적인 부품조달체계를 완화시키는 요인으로 작용하고 있다. 이와 같은 완성차 생산의 내외 환경변화에 따라 본 연구에서는 완성차 조립공장에 1차 공급업체와 모듈기업이 공급하는 부품의 지역적 물류체계가 어떻게 이루어지고 있는가를 밝히는 것을 목적으로 기존문헌 및 인터뷰 조사를 실시했다. 그 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 완성차 부품공급의 지역적 물류체계는 완성차 조립공장을 중심으로 공장 내에나 인접지역에 모듈공장이 입지하는데, 1차 공급업체의 부품은 근접권에서 살펴본 바와 같이 공급의 분산비율이 비교적 높게 나타나 JIT의 다빈도 소량배송보다는 자동차 조립공장 인근에 통합물류센터를 설치해 부품을 공급하고 여기에서 다시 조립공장에 납품을 한다. 이렇게 함 으로서 부품공급업체나 조립공장 모두에게 배송비용을 줄여주고 부품의 안정적인 공급이 이루어지기 때문에 중층적인 모듈 반제품을 위한 부품공급도 이와 같은 방식을 취한다.

• 한국철도학회논문집
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.996-1010
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• 2009

본 논문은 우리 실정에 맞고 국제비교에도 활용할 수 있는 국가차원의 교통계정 기본틀을 제시하였다. 기본틀은 비용 수입항목과 산정 방법론으로 구성되어 있다. 그리고 제시된 우리나라의 교통계정을 적용해본 결과, 국내총생산 대비 도로교통의 총비용은 유럽보다 3.23% 높은 것으로 나타났고 철도교통의 총비용은 유럽보다 0.67% 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한 도로교통과 철도교통의 단위당 비용을 비교한 결과, 여객의 인-km당 도로교통 비용이 철도교통 비용의 약 4.8배, 화물의 톤-km당 도로교통 비용은 철도교통 비용의 약 2.4배로 나타났다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.542-554
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• 1989

The skyrocketing inflation of medical costs has become a major health problem among most developed countries. Korea, which recently covered the entire population with National Health Insurance, is facing the same problem. The proportion of health expenditure to GNP has increased from 3% to 4.8% during the last decade. This was remarkable, if we consider the rapid economic growth during that time. A few policy analysts began to raise cost containment as an agenda, after recognizing the importance of medical cost inflation. In order to Prepare an appropriate alternative for the agenda, it is necessary to find out reasons for the cost inflation. Then, we should focus on the reasons which are controllable, and those whose control are socially desirable. This study is designed to articulate the theory of medical cost inflation through literature reviews, to find out reasons for cost inflation, by analyzing aggregated data with a deterministic model. Finally to identify determinants of changes in both medical demand and service intensity which are major reasons for cost inflation. The reasons for cost inflation are classified into cost push inflation and demand pull inflation, The former consists of increases in price and intensity of services, while the latter is made of consumer derived demand and supplier induced demand. We used a time series (1983-1987), and cross sectional (over regions) data of health insurance. The deterministic model reveals, that an increase in service intensity is a major cause of inflation in the case of inpatient care, while, more utilization, is a primary attribute in the case of physician visits. Multiple regression analysis shows that an increase in hospital beds is a leading explanatory variable for the increase in hospital care. It also reveals, that an introduction of a deductible clause, an increase in hospital beds and degree of urbanization, are statistically significant variables explaining physician visits. The results are consistent with the existing theory, The magnitude of service intensity is influenced by the level of co-payment, the proportion of old age and an increase in co-payment. In short, an increase in co-payment reduced the utilization, but it induced more intensities or services. We can conclude that the strict fee regulation or increase in the level of co-payment can not be an effective measure for cost containment under the fee for service system. Because the provider can react against the regulation by inducing more services.

• 산업공학
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.291-299
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• 2003

The managerial environment of automobile industry has been rapidly changing, mainly with the tighter standard of legal and environmental regulations, the pressure of cost reduction from the end-user, the various functional improvements of vehicles, and the globalization management. In order to survive in this complicate circumstances, the automakers have strongly pursued the mutual collaboration with the suppliers, especially tier-1, for the optimal selection of parts/materials and the assembly manufacturing processes of the new model development. They prepare the early involvement program for the suppliers during the conceptual design stage, and implement the win-win strategy of technology development activity, in order to improve the value creation. This study considers the strategic technology management of automotive steel sheets makers on the aspects of strategy, processes, human & physical resources, and organization structure. It also suggests the corporate strategies of steel mills, in order to obtain the technology competence.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.21-33
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• 2015

This paper develops an analytic model for minimizing the cost of distributing items by truck from one supplier to many customers under Milk run logistics strategy. The model derives formulas for not only inventory and transportation costs but also costs associated with carbon emission trading scheme. In addition, monetary investment for reducing carbon emissions is considered. We analyze how to determine optimal shipment size and carbon emission reduction investment. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the effects of carbon emission trading scheme on the Milk run logistics strategy in terms of how much to reduce carbon emissions and/or inventory and transportation costs. We analytically show that it is possible to reduce carbon emissions while reducing inventory and transportation costs by introducing cap-and-trade carbon emission trading scheme under certain conditions.