• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 2006

To elucidate the effect of antioxidant complex containing $\beta-carotene$, vitamin E, vitamin C, Ginkgo Biloba leaf extract and selenium on oxygen :tree radical production and detoxification system, rats were fed normal diet and normal diet with antioxidant complex 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% for 3 weeks. Feed efficiency ratio, changes in body weight, weight gain and amounts of feces of rat are similar in four groups. Liver weight per body weight and hepatic lipid peroxide weight increased in 0.5% group. However, hepatic glutathione contents in all antioxidant complex added groups were significantly increased compare with normal control group. On the other hand, the activity of xanthine oxidase was a little increased due to the amounts of antioxidant complex. Superoxide dismutase and gutathione peroxidase activity of 0.1% antioxidant complex added group were increased about $10{\sim}20%$ in comparison to normal control group. These results suggest that the supplementation of antioxidant complex 0.1% to basal diet may reduce the hepatic damage caused by free radicals.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.173-182
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• 2001

The present study was carried out to examine the effect of superoxide dismutase (SOD) on in vitro maturation (IVM) of porcine follicular oocytes and oxygen concentration with SOD on in vitro development (IVD) of porcine IVM/IVF embryos. The results were summarized as follows : 1. The rates of nuclear maturation, penetrated oocytes, polyspermic oocytes and mean numbers of the penetrated sperm were not different in the NCSU-23 maturation media with 0, 100, 500 and 1,000 units/ml SOD. However. the pronucleus formation rates were significantly lower in oocytes matured with addition groups than those of no addition groups of SOD (P>0.05). 2. The rates of blastocyst formation and total cell numbers of blastocyst at day 7 after in vitro fertilization were significantly lower in addition groups than those of the no addition groups of SOD (P>0.05). 3. The rates of blastocyst formation at day 7 after in vitro fertilization were higher in the NCSU-23 culture medium with 100 units/ml SOD than in those cultured with 0, 500 and 1,000 units/ml SOD under the 5% and 20% $O_2$concentrations. However, no differences was found in the total cell numbers of blastocyst among the treatments. In conclusion, these results suggested that the addition of SOD was not adequate for porcine oocyte maturation and further development, also the rates of blastocyst formation and total cell numbers of blastocyst at day 7 of porcine IVM/IVF embryos were not different in the NCSU-23 culture medium under the 5% and 20% $O_2$concentrations.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.171-179
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• 2010

Effect of chromium (Cr) stress on antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were investigated in leaves and roots of mangrove (italic (L.) Druce) seedlings. Cr toxicity effects were also assessed on young seedlings. The seedlings were grown in green house condition for three months in nutrient solution with 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 mg $L^{-1}$ $CrCl_3$. This study showed that Cr led to the change of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) and activities at different concentrations. The activity of antioxidant enzymes in leaves of K. candel seedlings indicates that enzymes engaged in antioxidant defense in certain level especially in low concentration of Cr treatments. The activities of SOD and POD were activated by Cr in the root level, while CAT activity was inhibited. CAT activity decreased in response to high concentrations of Cr. In the present study indicated that SOD in root was active in scavenging the superoxide produced by Cr. Both in roots and leaves, an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content was observed with increase in metal concentration and exposure periods. Our finding indicated that the high concentration of excessive Cr supply may interfere with several metabolic processes of seedlings, causing toxicity to plants as exhibited by chlorosis, necrosis, photosynthetic impairing and finally, plant death.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.612-617
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• 2001

Seedlings of red pepper (Capsicum annum L.) were exposed to various doses of ${\gamma}$-radiation )($^{60}$ Co)and cultivated in the 1/2,000 a pot. Plant hight the number of leaves, flowers and fruits, chlorophyll contents, plant dry weight, ac- tivites of antiozidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase(SOD) adn peroxidase(POD), were determined. Plant height of seedling treated with 1 Gy of ${\gamma}$-radiation was increased up to 16.6% as compared to untreated control at 80 days after treatment, while those treated with 20 Gy or 50 Gy was decreased 22.0% or 75.0% respectively. The plants treated with 1 Gy or 5 Gy were increased the number of leaves up to 41.2% and 24.9% as well as dry weight of fruit up to 58.4% and 49.4% respectively. However treatment of radiation higher than 20 Gy significantly inhibited the growth, chlorophyll content and yield of pepper fruit. Activities of antioxidant enzymes, SOD and POD were tem-porary increased within one or five days after treatment depending on the doses of treatment , and the activities were gradually decreased to control level of lower thereafter. The SOD and POD activities in the leaves of pepper plant treated with 50 Gy were 5.5 and 6.0folds higher than that of control at five days after treatment, respectively.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.76-96
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to evaluate anti-inflammatory effects of Jogantanggagambang(JGTG). Methods: In the study of anti-oxidant activities, JGTG was investigated by DPPH radical scavenger activity, superoxide dismutase activity and superoxide anion radical scavenger activity. In the study of anti-inflammatory effects, JGTG was investigated using cultured cells and murine models. As for the parameters of inflammation, levels of several inflammatory cytokines and chemical mediators which are known to be related to inflammation were measured in mouse lung fibroblast cells(mLFCs) and RAW264.7 cells. Results: 1. JGTG showed a safety in cytotoxicity and toxicity of liver. 2. JGTG effected scavenging activity on DPPH free radical, superoxide dismutase and superoxide anion radical. 3. JGTG in RAW 264.7 cell decreased IL-$1{\beta}$ mRNA expression, IL-6 mRNA expression, TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA expression at 50, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and also decreased NOS-II mRNA expression at $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, and decreased COX-2 mRNA expression at 10, 50, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. 4. JGTG in RAW 264.7 cell decreased significantly IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ at 50, $100{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. 5. JGTG inhibited significantly IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and TNF-${\alpha}$ production in serum of acute inflammation-induced mice. 6. JGTG decreased significantly IL-$1{\beta}$ mRNA production in spleen tissue. Conclusion: These results suggest that JGTG can be used for treating diverse female diseases caused by inflammation

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.466-475
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• 1989

This research was to investigate the effects of sardine oil with different antioxidants on tissue lipid peroxidation and the activity of superoxide dismutase in rats. Young male rats were fed for 6 weeks on different experimental diets containing 10% (w/w) sardine oil with $\alpha$-tocopherol (800mg / kg oil), $\delta$-tocopherol(1, 000mg / kg oil) or rosemary extract(1, 000mg /kg oil) as antioxidant and also sardine oil lard without antioxidant as control. In sardine oil group tissue lipid peroxide level and percentage of hemolysis were increased compared to those of lard group. By the addition of antioxidants, percentage of hemolysis reduced significantly but the lipid peroxide level in liver was unaffected. The activities of superoxide dismutase in erythrocyte and liver were not affected by either sardine oil ingestion or different antioxidants.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.237-241
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• 2002

Polyphenoloxidase activity (PPO) in the leaves of Erechitites hieracifolia was estimated by Warburg's manometric method. The emzyme was most reactive toward chlorogenic acid followed by caffeic acid. Diethyldithiocarbamate and potassium cyanide were shown powerful inhibition rate to the polyphenoloxidase from the leaves of Erechitites hieracifolia. We confirmed antioxidant activity of the leaves of Erechitites hieracifolia by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method. Electrophorectic isoenzyme banding patterns of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) were observed by native PAGE. The correlation of PPO and antioxidant enzymes is not investigated yet. That is need to further study.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.359-365
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• 1997

Many factors are known to be responsible for cerebral ischemic injury, such as excitatory neurotransmitters, increased intraneuronal calcium, or disturbance of cellular energy metabolism. Recently, oxygen free radicals, formed during ischemia/reperfusion, have been proposed as one of the main causes of ischemia/reperfusion injury. Therefore, to investigate the role of oxygen free radical during ischemia/reperfusion, in the present study the effect of endogenous oxygen free radical scavenger, superoxide dismutase / catalase(SOD / catalase) on the release of [$^3$H]-5-hydroxytryptamine([$^3$H]-5-HT) during hypoxia/reoxygenation in rat hippocampal slices was measured. The hippocampus was obtained from the rat brain and sliced 400 gm thickness with manual chopper. After 30 min's preincubation in the normal buffer, the slices were incubated for 20 min in a buffer containing [$^3$H]-5-HT(0.1 $\mu$M, 74 $\mu$Ci) for uptake, and washed. To measure the release of [$^3$H]-5-HT into the buffer, the incubation medium was drained off and refilled every ten minutes through a sequence of 14 tubes. Induction of hypoxia for 20 min (gassing it with 95% N$_2$/5% CO$_2$) was done in the 6th and 7th tube, and oxygen free radical scavenger, SOD / catalase was added 10 minutes prior to induction of hypoxia. The radioactivity in each buffer and the tissue were counted using liquid scintillation counter and the results were expressed as a percentage of the total activity. When slices were exposed to hypoxia for 20 min, [$^3$H]-5-HT release was markedly decreased and a rebound release of [$^3$H]-5-HT was observed on the post-hypoxic reoxygenation period. SOD / catalase did not changed the release of [$^3$H]-5-HT in control group, but inhibited the decrease of [$^3$H]-5-HT release in hypoxic period and rebound increase of [$^3$H]-5-HT in reoxygenation period. This result suggest that superoxide anion may play a role in the hypoxic-, and reoxygenation-induced change of [$^3$H]-5-HT release in rat hippocampal slices.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.176-179
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• 2007

An electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signal characteristic of the 5,5'-dimethyl-l-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO)-OH spin adduct, which is formed from the reaction of DMPO with superoxide radicals generated by xanthine oxidasemediated reaction, was significantly reduced by the cadaverine or Escherichia coli Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Likewise, cytochrome c reduction by superoxide was inhibited by cadaverine, and the inhibition level increased in proportion to the level of cadaverine. The cadA mutant of Vibrio vulnificus, which does not produce cadaverine because of the lack of lysine decarboxylase, exhibits less tolerance to superoxide stress in comparison with wild type. The results indicate that cadaverine scavenges superoxide radicals, and protects cells from oxidative stress.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.471-474
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• 1987

The formation of superoxide anion (${\cdot}O^{-}_2$)and hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) during linoleic acid peroxidation were investigated in linoleic acid-aqueous system at $37^{\circ}C$. Superoxide anion was rapidly generated in the early stage of peroxidation, marked to 0.375 (absorbance at 560mm) in the 12mM linoleic acid (POV below 80millieq./kg) incubated for 1 day and then decreased with time-elapsed. Hydrogen peroxide was also rapidly generated in the early stage of peroxidation regardless of linoleic acid concentration. And, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase greatly inhibited the formation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, respectively.