• Toxicological Research
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2019

Lentinus squarrosulus (Mont.) is an edible wild mushroom with tough fruiting body that belongs to the family Polyporaceae. It is used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of ulcer, anaemia, cough and fever. Recent studies have demonstrated its anticancer, anti-diabetic and antioxidant properties. However, little or no information is available regarding the bioactive components and toxicological study of wild dried L. squarrosulus. Therefore, this study investigated the bioactive components of aqueous extract of boiled wild dried L. squarrosulus and its toxicological effects in rats. The extract of L. squarrosulus was subjected to GC-MS analysis. The acute toxicity test was performed by oral administration of a single dose of up to 5,000 mg/kg extract of L. squarrosulus. In subacute study, the rats were orally administered extract of L. squarrosulus at the doses of 500, 1,000 and 1,500 mg/kg body weight daily for 14 days. The haematological, lipid profile, liver and kidney function parameters were determined and the histopathology of the liver and kidney were examined. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of bioactive compounds; 1-tetradecene, fumaric acid, monochloride, 6-ethyloct-3-yl ester, 9-eicosene, phytol, octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine and 3-trifluoroacetoxypentadecane. In acute toxicity study, neither death nor toxicity sign was recorded. In the sub-acute toxicity study, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed on creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, total cholesterol, triglycerides and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Whilst no significant differences (p > 0.05) were observed on packed cell volume, heamoglobin, red blood cell, white blood cell and alkaline phosphatase, in all the tested doses. No histopathological alterations were recorded. Our findings revealed that aqueous extract of L. squarrosulus may have antimicrobial, antinocieptive and antioxidant properties based on the result of GC-MS analysis. Results of the toxicity test showed no deleterious effect at the tested doses, suggesting that L. squarrosulus is safe for consumption at the tested doses.

• 생약학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.180-187
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• 1989

Systematic pharmacological studies on powdered whole part of unossified antler obtained from Cervus nippon Temminck var. mantchuricus have been carried out in mice and rats. Powdered antler, with a single oral administration, showed a very weak acute and subacute toxicity; its MLD being >5g/kg orally in mice. On daily oral treatments of the antler for 14 days, it did not cause any significant differences in body weight gain, various organ weights and serum transaminase activities compared to those of the control rats. Powdered antler, with a single oral administration, showed a remarkable analgesic activity as evaluated by writhing syndrome and tail-pressure test, a weak CNS depressant activity as well as a weak immunopotentiating action as evaluated by carbon clearance test in mice. Powdered antler, with repeated treatments, showed a moderate antifatigue effect against immobilized stress and showed significant increases in both adrenal weight and its ascorbic acid content in rats, suggesting that the mode of antifatigue effect of antler is related to adrenal and its components.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2002

CJ-10882, (E)-[(3-Cyclopentyloxy-4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]hydrazine-carboxamide, is a newly developed type IV phosphodiesterase isozyme (PDE IV) inhibitor. To investigate the subacute toxic effects of CJ-10882, it was administered to both male and female dogs at 0, 25, 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg/day orally for up to 2 weeks. During the test period, clinical signs, mortality, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis, hematology, serum biochemistry, gross finding, organ weight, and histopathology were evacuated. Several clinical signs were observed in treated dogs at above 25 mg/kg, including salivation and vomiting. A reduction in the body weight was observed in both sexes at above 50 mg/kg. There were no treatment-related effects on mortality, ophthalmoscopy, urinalysis, hematology, sect biochemistry, necropsy findings, and histopathology in any treatment group. The results of this study demonstrate that CJ-10882, a selective Inhibitor of the type IV class of PDE, may cause effects on gastrointestinal tract and salivary glands. Therefore, these organs should be closely examined in studies with other PDE IV inhibitors.

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 2000년도 춘계수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
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• pp.88-89
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• 2000

Chitosan is derived from chitin by deacetylation in the presence of alkali, which is a copolymer consisting of $\beta$-(1longrightarrow4)-2-acetamido-D-glucose and $\beta$-(1longrightarrow4)-2-amino-D-glucose units with the latter usually exceeding 80% (Arvanitoyannis et al., 1998). Chitosan has been developed as new physiological material since it possesses antibacterial activity, hypocholesterolemic activity and antihypertensive action. However, even though chitosan has very strong functional properties in many areas, its high molecular weight and high viscosity may restrict the use in vivo. In addition, there is little doubt that such properties will influence absorption in the human intestine. Recently, studies on chitosan have attracted interest for converted chitosan to oligosaccharide, because the oligosaccharide possesses not only water-soluble property but also versatile functional properties such as antitumor activity, immune-enhancing effects, enhancement of protective effects against infection with some pathogens in mice, antifungal activity, calcium absorption accelerating effect (Jeon et al., 1999) and antimicrobial activity. There is, however, little information on the toxicity of chitosan oligosaccharide. (omitted)

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.248-248
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• 1996

경구투여급성독성시험 : 암수동물의 모든 투여군에서 시험물질투여에 의한 일반증상, 체중변화 및 육안적 부검소견은 관찰되지 않았으며. 따라서 반수치사량(LD$_{50}$)은 암수동물의 경우 5000mg/kg이상이었다. 경구투여아급성독성시험 : SD랫트의 암수 동물에 있어서 Captopril(SR Tablet 25mg)의 2000mg/kg 용량은 확실중독량에 해당되며, 무영향량(NOEL)은 220mg/kg용량이라고 사료되었다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.49-59
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• 1986

국내에서 재배된 영지의 안전성을 검토하기 위하여 크게 급성 독성 실험과 아급성 독성 실험으로 나누어 실험하여본 결과, 급성 독성 실험에서는 투여 가능한 최대 투여량(5,000 mg/kg)에서 암, 수 모두에서 치사 예는 관찰할 수 없었으며, 아급성 독성 실험에서는 체중 측정, 혈액학적 검사, 장기 중량, 장기 조직의 병리학적 조직 검사, 뇨 검사를 실시하여 본 바, 대조군과 비교할만한 통계학적 유의차를 발견할 수 없었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 1991

For this experiment frist the fermented Soybean Meju was prepared by domestic ordinary method of Korean and concentrated Meju suspensoidal extract was made for toxicological test sample on mice and rat. Even the oral dose of 10g extract per kg of mice had not any acute toxicity. So the median lethal dose(LOD50) is lilely to be much greatr or not to be. In comparison of the average weight gain rate for 4 weeks the control and test groups of 0.308g Ex/rat kg and 9.24g Ex/rat kg daily were the much the same as about 19% but 3.08g Ex/rat kg group waas exceptionally 2.7% higher than control For this period all test groups did not show any abnormality in appearance and anatomic findings. In serum GPT GOT alkaline phosphatase and blood urea nitrogen value there were no difference significantly between control and the test groups of 0.308g/rat kg and 3.08g/rat kg but 9.24g/rat kg group was some what higher than control. Especially in cholesterol alkaline phosphatase and blood urea nitrogen value 9.24g/rat kg group or 28days had 100mg/이 37.5u 32mg/이 respectively which were increased significantly. The pathological findings of all test groups especially 9.24g/kg group did not showed any characterized sign of acute or subacute liver damage or intestine lesion. So it is supposed that there is not any tocixants originated from some molds in fermented Korean domestic Meju which is prepared traditionally in winter.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.4147-4152
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• 2014

Standard therapy for advanced head and neck cancer consists of a combination of surgery and radiation. However, survival of this patient population has not improved during the past 20 years. Many different multimodality treatment schedules have been proposed, and chemotherapy is often used with the intent of organ preservation. The present study was intended to establish the efficacy of concomitant chemoradiation with a single agent carboplatin in advanced head and neck cancers.The objectives were to investigate the feasibility of concomitant administration of carboplatin, monitor acute toxicity during radiotherapy, and determine subacute side effects, such as wound healing following surgery after chemoradiotherapy. A prospective study was conducted wherein a total of 40 patients with stage III and IV squamous cell carcinomas of oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx were enrolled. All patients were treated with external beam radiotherapy and weekly carboplatin area under curve (AUC of 5). Radiotherapy was given in single daily fractions of 1.8-2 grays (Gy) to a total dose of 66-72 Gy. Salvage surgery was performed for any residual or recurrent locoregional disease. Neck dissection was recommended for all patients with neck disease showing less than a complete response after chemoradiation. A total of 40 patients were enrolled of whom 32 were males and 8 were females. Highest incidence of cancer was seen in the 5th-6th decades of life with a median age of 47.7 years. Oropharyngeal tumours constituted a maximum of 21 patients followed by hypopharynx in 10, larynx in 7 and oral cavity in 2. 80% of the patients had a neck node on presentation of which 40% had N2-N3 nodal status. TNM staging revealed that 58% of patients were in stage III and 43% in stage IV. Evaluation of acute toxicity revealed that 50% had grade II mucositis, 25% grade III mucositis, 2.5% grade IV mucositis. 50% of patients had grade I skin reactions, 65% of patients had grade I thrombocytopenia, and 24% of patients had grade I anaemia. After completion of treatment 65% of patients had complete response at the primary and regional sites, and 35% of patients had a partial response of whom 23% underwent neck dissection and 5% of them underwent salvage surgery at the primary site. At the end of one year there were six deaths and four recurrences and 70% were free of disease. Concurrent chemoradiation with carboplatin provided good locoregional control for locally advanced head and neck cancers. This regimen, although toxic, is tolerable with appropriate supportive intervention. Primary site conservation is possible in many patients. Chemoradiotherapy appears to have an emerging role in the primary management of head and neck cancers.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.58-64
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• 1988

살충제 Monocrotophos의 독성평가(毒性評價)를 위하여 흰쥐에 $1{\sim}4$주동안 투여후 급성(急性) 및 아급성(亞急性) 독성검정(毒性檢定) 그리고 혈액성상(血液性狀) 및 혈장중(血漿中) Cholinesterase(ChE)를 측정(測定)하여 그 변화(變化)를 구명(究明) 하므로서 농약중독(農藥中毒)에 대(對)한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻고자 본(本) 시험(試驗)을 실시(實施)한 결과(結果)는 다음과 같다. 1. Monocrotophos의 급성경구(急性經口) 반수치사(半數致死) 약량(藥量)$LD_{50}$은 흰쥐에서 암, 수 각각(各各) 5.1, 8.7mg/kg이었고 복강내(腹腔內) 투여시(投與時)에는 암컷이 4.9mg/kg 수컷이 6.0mg/kg 이었다. 2. Monocrotophos는 경구(經口)에 6.4mg/kg, 복강내(腹腔內) 4.0mg/kg 투여시(投與時)에 4시간(時間)이 지난후 암, 수 모두의 혈장(血漿) ChE 활성도(活性度)를 최대(最大)로 억제(抑制) 시켰고 투여(投與) 24시간(時間) 이후(以後)부터는 점차 회부(回復) 되었다. 3. Monocrotophos를 흰쥐에 4주간(週間) 경구투여(經口投與) 할 때 3.5mg/kg/day 투여군(投與群)에서는 대조군(對照群)에 비(比)해 암, 수 모두 체중증체량(體重增體量)과 수컷에서 사료섭취량이 현저하게 감소(減少) 되었다. 4. 약제 투여시(投與時)에는 혈장(血漿) ChE 활성도(活性度)를 크게 억제(抑制)시켰으나 투여(投與) 중단(中斷)후에는 2주(週)가 지나면서 거의 회부(回復)되었다. 5. 약제투여(藥劑投與)된 쥐의 적혈구(赤血球), 백혈구(白血球), Ht치(値), Hb량(量)에 대(對)한 혈액상(血液狀) 변화(變化)는 거의 없었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.255-264
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• 1989

고사리의 ethanol extract를 독성실험한 결과는 mouse에 시료 10g/kg까지는 급성독$(LD_{50})$을 나타내지 않았다. Rat에 매일 시료40mg/kg, 400mg/kg, 1200mg/kg을 경구투여한 처음 7일간에는 체중, 해부소견, 혈액의 생화학적 검사에서 별이상이 없었다. 14일째 전시료투여군의 체중증가율은 대조군보다 평균 약 7% 감소를 보이고 혈청의 생화학적 측정치가 대부분 약간 증가하였다. 21일째 400mg/kg군과 1200mg/kg군의 체중증가율이 대조군보다 $6.7{\sim}5.7%$ 감소되고 1200mg/kg군 1필이 황색간증세를 보였다. 모든 시험군 GPT 및 GOT는 각각 $88{\sim}102u$와 $164{\sim}200u$로 증가하고 alkaline phosphatase도 상승하여 중독의 징후를 보였다. 28일째 400mg/kg군과 1200mg/kg군의 체중증가율이 대조군보다 감소되고 이들군에서 각각 $1{\sim}2$필이 황색간을 보였다. 1200mg/kg군 2필이 소장염을 보였다. 모든 시험군은 GPT $92{\sim}116u$와 GOT $56{\sim}215u$ 및 alkaline phosphatase $57{\sim}70u$로 증가 되었다.