• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.35-46
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• 1996

The purposes of this study were to investigate the children's attachment patterns and the effects of the family-related variables. The interview method was used to know the children's attachment patterns and the questionnaire was used to collect the family-related variables. The subjects were 272 elementary school children ranged 1st grade to 3rd grade in Kwangju. The results were as follows: 1. In the contexts of separation from mother, two major patterns of children's attachment appeared : patterns showed much anxious feeling but accepted the separation; patterns showed much anxious feeling and they rejected the separation. These two patterns were consisted in anxious feeling but inconsisted in responses. 2. Children showed significant differences in their attachment patterns to their mother's early attachment patterns to their mothers, maternal employment, SES of the family, and sex of the child were not found.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.139-161
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• 2002

This study investigates the characteristics of Nordic sweaters works from a historical perspective. Specifically, this study deals with the following research topics: 1) development of Nordic sweaters, 2) the characteristics of Nordic sweaters industry according to the change of times, 3) the comparison of local knitting patterns, 4) the symbolic meaning of the designs in the Nordic sweaters and patterns. The results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. Knitted work developed mostly in Northern Europe, a cold area, and the barren, mountainous coastal areas where people frequently used woolen materials for clothes. It was also developed in Scandinavian regions which lead the fashion in modern days. Scandinavian knitting techniques have been diffused into the east coast of England and Northern Europe by Vikings. 2. Scandinavian countries are distinguished from other countries by their conservative but creative cultural tradition. Their knitting patterns are characterized by small geometric figures such as dots, triangles, squares, rhombuses, and crosses used often with stars and roses. Scandinavian knitting is also salient for its vertical stripes and simple motifs repeating at short intervals. 1) Norway ; Simple and geometric Norwegian patterns are classified into three groups of motifs: (a) the motifs of cross, diamond, X, and swastika (equation omitted). (b) the motifs of human figures, animals and birds, (c) floral motifs (especially eight-petal roses). Their use of color is also simple, and is limited to more than two colors. (2) Sweden ; Swedish patterns are colorful and geometric. They are characterized by features such as brocade, complex embroidery, and contrast of red and black colors. They also show Guernsey patterns. Initials and production years were knitted in sweaters which have different patterns in their trunks and sleeves. 3) Denmark ; The Danish pattern is the purl stitch knitted against the stockinette stitch. The technique is used to copy woven damask motifs. The patterns are seen most clearly when they are knit with smooth yarn. The Faeroe sweaters are the representative work of Danish knitting. Faeroe knitting, incorporates stranded pattern and is knit in the round, either with circular needles. 4) Finland ; Finnish patterns are similar to Norwegian patterns. Finnish knitted work show very colorful, variety and free-flowing geometric patterns. 5) Iceland ; Icelandic knitting shows original ribbon pattern. Lope sweater is the representative work. 3. The traditional knitting patterns not only carried symbolic meanings but also served as means of communication. First of all, patterns had incantatory meanings. Patterns were symbolic of one's social standing, too. The colors, motifs and their arrangements were very important features symbolizing one's social position or family line. People often communicated by certain pieces of knitted work or patterns. In short, the knitted work in the Nordic sweaters served the function of admiring the beauty of nature and symbolizing various meanings. The unique designs and colors of the knitted work reflected the characteristics of the culture those works belonged to. This study also turns our attention to the issue of how the traditional colors and designs of the knitted work can contribute to the development of modern designs, and by doing so, if makes us realize the importance of knitted works in modern society.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.311-322
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• 2020

Recently, there is growing interest in studying the dietary patterns that affect the risk of circulatory system diseases (CSDs). We investigated the relationship between CSDs and dietary patterns through a follow-up study in Korea (2001-2016). The participants of this study were obtained from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES). This study was a large community-based cohort study (the Ansan-Ansung areas) conducted to assess the effects of various factors, especially diet, on the onset of chronic diseases among the Korean population aged 40-69 yrs. Baseline data were collected from 2001 to 2002, and follow-up studies were performed every 2 yrs, with over 7 follow-up studies performed (2015-2016). Three dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis: "vegetable and seafood (men)/soup and stew (women)" pattern, "sweet foods and breads-rice cake" pattern, and "multigrain rice and cooked white rice" pattern. None of the dietary patterns were significantly associated with the risk of CSDs in either men or women. Our follow-up study is meaningful as it investigated whether the dietary patterns of individuals according to sex affects the development of CSDs.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.627-633
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• 2006

This study examined the kinds, expression, techniques and arrangement of patterns for the traditional women's costume from 1995 to 2002 in North Korea. And the results were compared with South Korean. Conclusions are as follows : In the kinds of patterns the natural plant patterns were much more frequently used in North Korea. These tendency was same to South Korea. And the geometric patterns were more frequently used in South Korea. According to frequency in the expression of patterns, it was the realistic, geometric, stylized shape in North Korea. To the contrary it was the stylized, geometric, realistic shape in South Korea. In terms of decorative techniques, not only the traditional embroidery, gold leaf, multicolored stripes, but also modern collages, painting, beads, applique, flounce, ruffle were used in North Korea. Modern techniques were found comparatively a lot in North Korea, traditional techniques were found comparatively a lot in South Korea. In terms of arrangement of patterns, the modern arrangement was much more frequently used. And localized type of modern arrangement was found comparatively a lot in South and North Korea. Therefore traditional beauty was generally expressed by natural patterns, realistic shape and modern beauty was generally expressed by modern techniques and arrangement of patterns in North Korea.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.165-173
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• 2015

This study was aim to compare the phonological error patterns and PCC(Percentage of Correct Consonants) derived from the single word and spontaneous speech contexts of the speech sound disorders with unknown origin(SSD). The present study suggest that the development phonological error patterns and non-developmental error patterns of the target children, in according to speech context. The subjects were 15 children with SSD up to the age of 5 from 3 years of age. This research use 37 words of APAC(Assessment of Phonology & Articulation for Children) in the single word context and 100 eojeol in the spontaneous speech context. There was no difference of PCC between the single word and the spontaneous speech contexts. Significantly different developmental phonological error patterns between the single word and the spontaneous speech contexts were syllable deletion, word-medial onset deletion, liquid deletion, gliding, affrication, fricative other error, tensing, regressive assimilation. Significantly different non-developmental phonological error patterns were backing, addtion of phoneme, aspirating. The study showed that there was no difference of PCC between elicited single word and spontaneous conversational context. And there were some different phonological error patterns derived from the two contexts of the speech sound disorders. The more important interventions target is the error patterns of the spontaneous speech contexts for the immediate generalization and rising overall intelligibility.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.73-89
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• 2022

After COVID-19, the percentage of digital consumption has soared. Meanwhile, as the online platform market grows in size and digital commerce is activated, controversy over the "dark pattern" that induces consumers to do unintended things online continues. Dark patterns are deceptive design patterns that cause consumer rights and financial damage and can result in damaging fair market competition. As a result, the need to regulate dark patterns is raised not only by overseas regulators but also in Korea, and there are growing calls for strengthening consumer protection against dark patterns, with amendments to related laws being proposed by the National Assembly. On the other hand, there is no agreed definition of dark pattern from a normative point of view, and there is a concern that even legitimate advertising marketing activities of companies may be regulated, so a review of dark pattern regulatory measures is required. In this study, dark patterns were reviewed from a normative point of view and appropriate regulatory measures were analyzed. In particular, the problem of the dark pattern can be applied in a way that the market regulates and controls itself in consideration of the characteristics of the online platform. This study reviewed the possibility of self-regulation for dart patterns and proposed the role of each subject.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.139-156
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to analyze the aesthetic characteristics of traditional Korean patterns appearing on fashion collections from 1990 to 2005. Traditional Korean patterns have been used as an important element to express a Korean image since the 1990s. Frequently used patterns included several kinds of geometric patterns, plant patterns(flower, peony, Four Gracious Plants), and Chinese character patterns. Specifically, since the 2000s, animal patterns such as tiger, Chinese phoenix, and giraffe which were not often used, plant patterns such as arabesque, peony, and flower, and a variety of Chinese character patterns appeared. For the expression techniques, while embroidery and printing was often used in the 1990s, they became varied into printing, beading, embroidery, gold and silver leaf, and hand painting after 2000 as a result of designers' active attempts. The aesthetic characteristics of fashion design with its focus on traditional patterns were analyzed. First, Chinese character patterns and phoenix pattern which were mainly used for a court suit, and show the excellence and unique originality of Korean culture. Second, traditional Korean patterns directly and indirectly imply symbolistic significance of lucky sign and illustrate the use of various lucky sign patterns. Third, traditional Korean patterns such as arabesque or peony were expressed by colorful embroidery to add decorative beauty. Finally, traditional Korean patterns reflect a naturalistic worldview and are completed finished as the design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2003

From ancient times. lotus pattern had esthetic factor and symbolic factor. Lotus pattern was introduced to China, and it was grafted together with Chinese peculiar culture symbol system, thereafter it has changed and developed. The Chinese taking a serious view meaning that things include, and they frequently use several lucky omen patterns in their everyday life. In this study, I investigated laying stress on symbolism about Lotus patterns of China lucky omen patterns, and I wanted to present possibility that can approach to Chinese culture in new angle. Through result of this study, symbol of Lotus patterns can divide two directions. First, symbol by natural properties of lotus are same as following. 1. Lotus grows in the mud, but it is uncontaminated - clearness and uprightness, 2. Root, branches, loaves and flowers are vegetative together, and all of basis and branches are exuberant. - plenty, 3. Bear fruit simultaneously with blooming, and it is procreant. - fecundity and many descendants. Symbol that use same pronunciation and intention are same as following. 1. 'Lian(연)'-'Lian(연)' : repeatability, continuance, plenty and intercommunicate, 2. 'Lian(연)'-'Lian(염)': integrity, 3. 'He (하)'-'He(화)' : peace, harmony and combination, 4. 'He(하)'-'He(하)' : clear river, 5.'He(하)'-'He(하)' ; all work goes well. When the Chinese use lotus patterns in lucky omen patterns, same pronunciation and pitch of Chinese language more prominent than natural properties or the image of Buddhism. I guess that it cause praying individual's peace and happiness more serious than philosophical meaning or symbol that base in Buddhism for ordinary people.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.270-279
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• 2013

This study presents a T-shirt design process that utilizes modernized traditional patterns; in addition, it also includes various modernization techniques for Korean traditional patterns. T-shirts are a representative casual wear item worn in everyday life, especially among young people. The association of traditional elements and public goods such as T-shirts effects the diffusion of the Korean image into global society. Through the whole design process, target groups and design concepts were determined first: collegiate students as well as clean, natural, refined, simple and sporty image, respectively. Subsequently, Dokkaebi, lotus, Dangcho, dragon and Taegeuk patterns were selected as traditional pattern sources. Along with the technique of the division, transformation, and configuration of original patterns, the combining method of geometrical figures, stripe patterns, and check patterns with traditional patterns was helped create modernized traditional motives. Finally, T-shirt designs with a Korean image were developed with the harmonized deployment of modernized motives and color planning. The survey showed that designs had a clean, natural, refined, simple and sporty image that was preferred by collegiate students. This study is relevant in three aspects. First, the design process of modernization was very creative to combine traditional patterns and basic figures. Second, this study expanded the scope of traditional image design to casual wear to promote the Korean image to young people all over the world. Third, the whole design process, from planning to final product development, presented in this study is applicable to other design processes.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.111-118
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the stress levels and the dietary patterns of 390 male and female University students in Seoul and to analyze the correlation between the two. Informations of the subjects were obtained by questionnaire. As a result of this research study, male students had such bad dietary patterns as their stress increased(P<.05). Female students were more affected in dietary patterns by stress level and both male and female students exhibited a tendency to be in a higher state of intake as their stress level increased.