• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1071-1077
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• 2008

Hwa-byung is a form of psychogenic illness among people in Korea and is listed as a culture-bound syndrome of Korea in the DSM-IV. Despite increased clinical researches for Hwa-byung in the oriental medicine of Korea, there has been no agreement of pattern identification for Hwa-byung. The purpose of this study is to develop a standard instrument of pattern identification for Hwa-byung which will be applied to clinical research. The items and structure of the instrument were based on review of published literature. The advisor committee on this study was organized by 15 neuropsychiatry professors of 11 oriental medical colleges nationwide. The experts attended 2 consultation meetings and discussed developing the instrument. and we also took professional advices by e-mail. The results were as follows; First, we divided the symptoms and signs of Hwa-byung into five pattern identification - stagnation of liver Qi, flare-up of the liver fire, disharmony between heart and kidney, deficiency of both Qi and blood, malfunction of gallbladder due to phlegm stagnation. Second, we got the mean weights to each symptom of five pattern identification which had been scored on a 5-point scale - ranging from 0 to 4 by the 15 experts. Third, we made out the Korean instrument of the pattern identification for Hwa-byung. It was composed of 34 questions and decided on question-and-answer form. Though there are some limits in this study, the instrument of pattern identification for Hwa-byung is meaningful and expected to be applied to the subsequent research. And also, we hope to improve the instrument and make up for this study through various research and discussion.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.223-234
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was carried out to develop a standard tool of pattern identifications for insomnia in Korean Medicine. Methods: The advisory committee for this study was organized by 17 Korean Medicine neuropsychiatry professors who were faculty members of different Korean Medicine colleges. The pattern identifications and symptoms for this tool were extracted from published Korean and Chinese literature. The Instrument on Pattern Identifications for Insomnia was developed following discussions among internal experts and after consultations with members of the advisory committee. Results: 1) Five pattern identifications were set for the tool. 2) The mean weights which represent the importance of each symptom and scored on a hundred-point scale were obtained. 3) The Instrument on Pattern Identifications for insomnia was designed in the self-reporting format composed of 47 questions. Conclusions: An Instrument on Pattern Identifications for Insomnia was created in this study. However, owing to any clinical trials has not been set yet. Therefore its validity and reliability were not confirmed. To make up for this limitation, the further clinical study would be performed in the near future.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권7호
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• pp.93-107
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• 2005

The purposes of this study were firstly to investigate how the conflict-coping methods of husbands and wives relate to their cognition of their own conflict-coping methods and those of their spouse and secondly to investigate how the interaction patterns of the conflict-coping methods between husbands and wives affect their marital satisfaction in the early stage of marital life. The main findings of this study were as follows: Firstly, this study indicated that both husbands and wives recognized that they themselves use the more reasonable conflict-coping method than their spouse. Both thought that husbands use the more avoidant, conflict-coping method than wives. Secondly, the study showed that both husbands and wives are tend to use the same conflict-coping method as their spouse's conflict-coping method as perceived by them. All the conflict-coping methods of husbands were related to their perception of their wives' conflict-coping methods. In the can of wives, however, there was no significant correlation between their aggressive conflict-coping method and the husbands' avoidant conflict-coping method, or between their avoidant conflict-coping method and the husbands' reasonable conflict-coping method. These results indicated a gender-difference in the conflict-coping methods between husbands and wives. Thirdly, the study showed that when husbands and wives regarded the interaction pattern of the conflict-coping method between themselves and their spouse as the reasonable$\ast$reasonable pattern, both of them had the highest marital satisfaction. When husbands regarded the interaction pattern of the conflict-coping method as the aggressive$\ast$aggressive pattern, they had the lowest marital satisfaction. On the other hand, when wives regarded the interaction pattern of the conflict-coping method as the aggressive$\ast$avoidant pattern, they had the lowest marital satisfaction.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.651-665
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• 2013

The purpose of this research was to investigate preference and clothing images for T-shirts utilizing Hyojemunja Textile Pattern. The results of this study showed that the secondary students who participate in the study had low interest in Folk-painting and that the female students were more willing to buy T-shirts utilizing The Hyojemunja Textile Pattern than the others. Secondary students preferred letters-pattern to other ones of T-shirts and they opted for the patterns with black curve scripts and the patterns located in upper parts of T-shirts. However, the participants considered straight scripts more sophisticated, unique and feminine than curve scripts and therefore, this awareness helped them become more interested in Hyojemunja Textile Pattern. The findings of the study may suggest T-shirts utilizing Hyojemunja Textile Pattern can give those who have a low interest in Folk-painting increased chances to learn Folk-painting in secondary education.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.16-22
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• 2016

This paper addresses the load usage scheduling in the HEMS for residential power consumers. The HEMS would lead the residential users to change their power usage, so as to minimize the cost in response to external information such as a time-varying electricity price, the outside temperature. However, there may be a consumer's inconvenience in the change of the power usage. In order to improve this, it is required to understand the pattern of load usage according to the external information. Therefore, this paper suggests a methodology to model the load usage pattern, which classifies home appliances according to external information affecting the load usage and models the usage pattern for each appliance based on a copula function representing the correlation between variables. The modeled pattern would be reflected as a constraint condition for an optimal load usage scheduling problem in HEMS. To explain an application of the methodology, a case study is performed on an electrical water heater (EWH) and an optimal load usage scheduling for EHW is performed based on the branch-and-bound method. From the case study, it is shown that the load usage pattern can contribute to an efficient power consumption.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.565-568
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• 2008

Purpose: Bacterial degeneration of sweat and increased secretion of over developed apocrine sweat gland are known causes of osmidrosis. In addition, genetic inheritance must be another important cause, because there are high incidence rates of osmidrosis in familial members. But the research about genetic inheritance has been overlooked. For this reason we studied genetic inheritance in osmidrosis patients based on pedigree analysis. Methods: We have evaluated pedigree of 52 patients who have diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2003 to August 2007. For making pedigrees, we have evaluated 3 generations of affected lineage from osmidrosis patients. Family members having uncertain information or those who are before puberty are excluded. In pedigree analysis, inheritance rate and inheritance pattern from parents, prevalence rate in generations and sexual prevalence are evaluated. Results: In this study, we divided pedigrees into 3 different groups according to inheritance pattern. Group A is genetically unrelated pattern with no prevalence between familial members in 7 families. Group B is weakly expressed pattern with 17 families there are genetically related but no genetic patterns are founded. In group B inheritance rate is 34% and incidence rate is 21% in 2nd generation and 22% in 3rd generation. Group C is autosomal dominant pattern with 31 families. In group C, there are no differences in sexual prevalence. Incidence rate is 43% in 2nd generation and 49% in 3rd generation. Conclusion: In this study, we have studied pedigrees of 52 families of osmidrosis patients. 60% of the pedigrees shows autosomal dominant pattern, 33% shows genetically related but no definite autosomal dominant pattern and 7% shows genetically unrelated pattern. In Conclusion, This study can be basic data for future gene analysis study of osmidrosis.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.192-197
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The body composition changes in aging increased the risk of metabolic disorder. Recent dietary studies have increasingly focused on the correlations between dietary patterns and chronic diseases to overcome the limitations of traditional single-nutrient studies because nutrients in food have complex relations that interact. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was conducted to classify a dietary pattern among Korean elderly using cluster analysis and to explore the relationships between dietary patterns and body composition changes in Korean elderly aged 65 years or older. The study subjects (n=1,435) were individuals who participated in the Korean National Health Examination and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) in 2011. RESULTS: There were three dietary patterns derived by cluster analysis in this study: 'Traditional Korean' (37.49% of total population), 'Meat and Alcohol' (19.65%) and 'Westernized Korean' (42.86%). The (1) 'Traditional Korean' pattern was characterized by high consumptions of white rice and low protein, low fat, and low milk products, while (2) 'Westernized Korean' pattern ate a Korean-style diet base with various foods such as noodles, bread, eggs and milk, (3) 'Meat and Alcohol' pattern had high consumptions of meat and alcohol. In body composition changes, compared with the 'Traditional Korean' pattern, the 'Meat & alcohol' pattern was associated with a 50% increased risk of having elevated BMI ($kg/m^2$), 'Westernized Korean' pattern was associated with a 74% increased abnormality of ASM/Wt (kg) by logistics analysis. Most of the Korean adult population continues to follow ether a traditional Korean having beneficial effects for successful aging. However, the 'Traditional Korean' pattern showed low protein intake (0.7 g/kg), calcium intake, and vitamin D intake as well as low of appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM (kg)) among 3 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the low ASM, consumption of protein, calcium and vitamin D should be increased for Korean elderly health body composition.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.118-127
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• 2018

To complete the appropriate pattern language as a planning tool for suburban houses in Korea, this study reviews the characteristics in applying the pattern language to suburban houses in Korea by creating the pattern application examination chart regarding 110 patterns in architecture and evaluating and analyzing 24 examples in terms of the applicability of the patterns, the results of which are as set forth below. Firstly, when grouping the upper 31 patterns by similar characteristics, it was distinguished by the characteristics relating to (i) securing of lighting and viewing; (ii) placing of buildings and space and adjustment of inside and outside privacy through such placing; (iii) placing of proper motion line and functions of adjacent space according to such motion line; and (iv) determining of important space such as personal room, area for couple or children, staircase, entrance, hallway, etc. Secondly, when analyzing the reasons that the lower 41 patterns have not been applied, it was characterized by (i) the work space not suitable for suburban houses or the patterns suitable for commercial space; (ii) the patterns not suitable in Korea due to cultural differences; and (iii) the patterns whose applicability cannot be confirmed due to the limitation of examples and materials used in this study. Thirdly, the analysis of each pattern group (A through M) revealed that the pattern groups D and G are rarely related to suburban houses and J and M are patterns whose applicability cannot be determined in this study. Another characteristics is that the pattern groups B, E, F, I and L which obtain high scores in applicability are importantly reflected in planning for suburban houses in Korea. Fourthly, this study renders the average score of applicability, and the applicability rate, of the examples and confirms the number of the patterns applied in confirmity, patterns partially or potentially applied and patterns not applied at all.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.53-68
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to analyze check pattern of nail art from 2011 to 2013. The results of this study are as follows; 1) Check pattern of nail art is total 257 patterns, and there are 84 argyle, 29 tartan, 24 harlequin, 24 over, 23 window-pane, 15 stitcheds, 13 hound tooth, 10 block, 10 madras, 8 gingham, 8 gradation, 7 shepherd, and 2 tattersall check patterns. Through this result, in nail art, the relatively simple patterns such as a vertical pattern, a horizontal pattern, and cross or overlap diagonal line are used more than elaborate and complex check patterns of a fibrous tissue from a weaving process. 2) In check pattern of nail art, N-affiliated color and R-affiliated color are remarkably well-used, because of the effects of argyle, tartan, window-pane, harlequin, stitched, over, and hound tooth check patterns used the most during the past three years. Especially, most tartan, harlequin, over, and hound tooth check patterns use their own special colors such as R-affiliated colors and N-affiliated colors as it is, and argyle, window-pane, stitched, and over check patterns use well by arranging N-affiliated colors and R-affiliated colors. 3) The most used expressive technique is hand painting to express check pattern in nail art, because new products related to UV gel are well launched. These materials can draw fine line that is hard to express by existing polish easily and simply, and not only have set quickly hard, so procedure time is very short, so it is compatible to draw check pattern personally, but also it is well covered, so check pattern is more clearly expressed.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제53권5호
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• pp.489-502
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• 2015

This study identifies the relation between recognition relatively deprivation and consumption patterns. The data used were the seventh Korea Welfare Panel Study (KOWEPS). The final sample of 1,597 households was selected based on several sampling steps standard weights suggested by KOWEPS were applied. The final sample was subdivided into household recognizing relatively deprivation (51.7%) and non-household recognizing relatively deprivation (48.3%) per level of subjective income and objective income. We derived six consumption patterns from the cluster analysis as per consumption ratio: transportation dominant consumption pattern, essential consumption pattern, other dominant consumption pattern, care attention consumption pattern, private transfer consumption pattern, and education dominant consumption pattern. The results of this study are as follows. The analysis of the determinants of recognizing relatively deprivation in regards to question one found that the household was likely to be relatively deprived when: the head of a household was older, a household had a dual income, children and more total assets then those assessed 1 year ago compared to household living conditions, result of comparing the consumption patterns difference between household recognizing relatively deprivation and non-household recognizing relatively deprivation indicated that household recognizing relatively deprivation was more likely to belong to the transportation dominant consumption pattern, other dominant consumption pattern, and private transfer consumption pattern. The multinomial logistic analysis conducted to understand the determinants affecting the consumption patterns of household recognizing relatively deprivation indicated differences in demographic characteristics, household-related variables, financial variables and perception of economic conditions.