• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2002

This study described an elementary teacher's practical knowledge of selecting and using mathematical tasks for promoting students' understanding and discourse. The informant of this ethnographic inquiry was a third grade teacher and has 10 years of teaching experience. According to the analysis of multiple data sources, this study showed that based on his beliefs about the development of understanding of mathematics and discourse, he continually employed two different types of tasks: open-ended tasks and tasks from students' mistakes and comments during discourse. Teachers' practical knowledge of teaching mathematics and the classroom norms for students' understanding and discourse are suggested to be given attention for further research on this area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 2010

Purpose: To identify the need to reform in the crisis response of Health Teacher, School Nurse, in elementary school during epidemic outbreak of influenza H1N1. Methods: 139 elementary health teachers, school nurse, in seoul elementary school responded in the questionnaire, and we analysed by using frequency and percent, t-test, and paired t-test. Results: The Job status became 121% more 'during influenza H1N1 (flu) outbreak' than Job status of 'before outbreak'. The proportion of the flu-related duty among their daily workload was up to 77.5%. The administration-related workload of the flu-related duty was 30.8%. and students' health assessment including temperature measurement 18.7%. Furthermore, an impediment of usual daily work due to an increaed flu-related workload was 95.7%, and no alternative plan such as disposition of assistant labor force was 86.1%. Especially, an impediment of health education was 61.0%, so the major concern was the loss of health education. We compared average scores (a five-point Likert scale) of health teachers' work motivation, exhaustion, work relationship and Job management of 'during' with 'before' flu-outbreak. The difference range of 'during' minus 'before' work motivation score was from -0.4 points to -0.9; work exhaustion range from 1.8 to 1.9; the difficulty of relationship between students, school personnel, parents of students, and health teachers from 1.4 points to 1.3 points; and the consideration of changing Job, taking time off from the Job and retirement from 1.4 to 1.6 points. Conclusion: The health teachers had a heavy workload due to flu-outbreak. They also experienced the impediment of usual work implementation. However, there was a shortage of alternative plan such as disposition of an assistant labor force. Under their Job status like this, the health teachers' motivation score was decreased and work exhaustion was increased. Furthermore, they had a lot of relation difficulty with students and school personnel. Therefore, we suggested that in contrast to the usual Job status, there is a need to have a prepared response during school crisis like flu-outbreak such as improved response system in seoul metropolitan education office, simplification or dispersion of administrative work, and temporary call-center for simple inquiries or advices.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.272-281
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• 2004

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of smoking behavior among elementary students which may serve as basic data for developing a smoking prevention program. Method: Questionnaires were given to 734 fourth, fifth, and sixth graders in five elementary schools in U county, North Chungcheong Province. Data were collected from 8 to 20 December, 2003; and analyzed using SPSS/PC for descriptive and chi-square statistics. Result: Of these students, 19.9％ reported that they had smoked and 0.8％ answered they are current smokers. They reported that the first smoking started during third grade (26.0％), at their homes (38.4％), and out of curiosity (74.0％). They reported severe coughing when they first smoked (56.2％). Smoking experiences were significantly related to grade, gender, and academic performance. Similarly, environmental characteristics such as residential area, parental status, father's job, parental attention, home atmosphere, and smoking siblings or friends were significantly related to smoking behavior. Among non-smokers, 86.4％ intended not to smoke and 1.4％ would like to smoke in the future. Conclusion: Certain school and environmental characteristics were associated with smoking experimentation. Therefore teachers and parents should use this information to develop and guide smoking prevention programs.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.415-438
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine what aspects of mathematical activities in elementary school mathematics textbooks pre-service school teachers pay attention to in the process of didactic transposition. To do this, the third grade students of the College of Education were asked to analyze the activities of the elementary mathematics textbooks and then select a lesson activities as needed to modify or supplement the activities. As a result of the study, in the process of revising textbook activities for mathematics lessons, pre-service teachers pay attention to whether the textbook activities provide concrete activities, whether they induce student motivation, and whether there is overlap between classes activities. For the didactic transposition of textbook activities for mathematics lessons, pre-service teachers were able to comprehensively utilize relevant curriculum documents such as national curriculum and teachers' manual for checking the goals and achievement standards and lesson objectives.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.87-101
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• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop strategies for creating health promoting school and to evaluate the implementation and its effect on the school. Methods: Based on WHO's Health Promoting School, we developed 5 strategies and implementing process for creating health promoting school and undertook The implementation process included workshops to raise awareness of the health promoting school, establishment of a school health team, review of the health needs of its community, development of an action plan, and practice of activities and reflect on program. Seventeen teachers (male 35.3%, female 64.7%) and 248 students (male 51.2%, female 47,6%) had completed pretest and posttest. Results: It was increasing in school's social environment, community relationship, personal skill and health service among components of HPS. However, there were no significant differences in self-reported health status and health behaviors among teachers. Although there were no significant changes in self-esteem, self-efficacy and BMI, there were significantly increasing in health knowledge, physical activities and fruit and vegetable intakes among students of a pilot school. Conclusion: Strategies for a creating health promoting school were appropriate to implement in school and they would also make a contribution to improve health knowledge and health behaviors in elementary school students.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.789-802
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• 2007

This study investigated pre-service elementary teachers' understanding of the basic concepts of and their attitudes toward astronomy in Korea and Japan. The survey instrument called the Astronomy Diagnostic lest (ADT) that was developed by the Collaboration for Astronomy Education Research (CAER) in 1998 was used and modified to tailor to the two countries' contexts, including 12 items written in the two languages, Korean and Japanese. The attitudes toward astronomy were examined by the Survey of Attitudes toward Astronomy (SATA), which was developed by Zeilik et al. in 1999. Cronbach's alpha of this sample of the study was 0.69, while the reliability of SATA was 0.87. All the pre-service elementary teachers in both Korea and Japan showed a low-level understanding of the basic concepts of astronomy. 38% of Korean pre-service elementary teachers had correct answers to the questions regarding the basic conceptions of astronomy, while 37% of Japanese participants had correct answers to them. Although there was no statistically significant difference between Korean and Japanese pre-service elementary teachers, Korean teachers scored higher than Japanese participants in SATA. A significant difference, however, was revealed in the categories of cognitive competence and value of the attitudes toward astronomy (p <.05). In addition, it was found that both Korean and Japanese pre-service elementary teachers scored less than 40% about the basic concepts of astronomy and that they obtained lower scores than the US college students with regard to the attitudes toward astronomy.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.119-127
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• 2011

We selected algorithm learning subjects and developed the play-based algorithm learning program for elementary school students. In addition, we analyzed a positive effect of improve on logical thinking by the field application. We found that the developed learning program was helpful in growing logical thinking skills. It means that the play-based algorithm learning program helps learners to improve on logical thinking.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.105-118
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was performed in order to figure out oral health knowledge level of home room teachers of elementary schools in Daegu area. This study was conducted from March through May 2008. Methodology: A total of three hundred and ten (43 male teachers and 267 female teachers) home room teachers of elementary schools were surveyed. The collected data were analyzed by X2 test and one way ANOVA test by using SPSS 11.0 program. Results: Most oral health knowledge was obtained from dental clinics (45.8%) and mass media and books (40.0%). Many respondents reported that the main purpose of oral hygiene was prevention of periodontal diseases. The highest number of respondents reported that fluoridated tooth paste was the best for fluoride effects on teeth. 56.7% of the respondents said that they visited periodically dental clinics for dental caries prevention. The respondents did not have much knowledge about the importance of fluoride in dental caries. Many respondents did not know that the plaque is the main cause of periodontal diseases. Conclusion: Effective oral health education program should be prepared for the elementary school teachers because their knowledge levels of oral health is not sufficient for students.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.197-219
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• 2008

Unlike ordinary situations, deifinitions play a very important role in mathematics education in schools. Mathematical concepts have been mainly acquired by given definitions. However, according to didactical intentions, mathematics education in schools has employed mathematical concepts and definitions with less strict forms than those in pure mathematics. This research mainly discusses definitions used in geometry (promising) course in primary schools to cope with possibilities of creating misconception due to this didactical transformation. After analyzing problems with potential misconceptions, a survey was conducted $\underline{with}$ 80 primary school teachers in Jeju to investigate their recognitions in meaning of mathematical concepts in geometry and attitudes toward teaching. Most of the respondents answered they taught their students while they knew well about mathematical definitions in geometry but the respondents sometimes confused mathematical concepts of polygons and circles. Also, they were aware of problems in current mathematics textbooks which have explained figures in small topics (classes). Here, several suggestions are proposed as follows from analyzing teachers' recognitions and researches in mathematical viewpoints of definitions (promising) in geometric figures which have been adopted by current mathematics textbooks in primary schools from the seventh educational curriculum. First, when primary school students in their detailed operational stage studying figures, they tend to experience $\underline{a}$ collision between concept images acquired from activities to find out promising and concept images formed through promising. Therefore, a teaching method is required to lessen possibility of misconceptions. That is, there should be a communication method between defining conceptual definitions and Images. Second, we need to consider how geometric figures and their elements in primary school textbooks are connected with fundamental terminologies laying the foundation for geometrical definitions and more logical approaches should be adopted. Third, the consistency with studying geometric figures should be considered. Fourth, sorting activities about problems in coined words related to figures and way and time of their introductions should be emphasized. In primary schools mathematics curriculum, geometry has played a crucial role in increasing mathematical ways of thoughts. Hence, being introduced by parts from viewpoints of relational understanding should be emphasized more in textbooks and teachers should teach students after restructuring this. Mathematics teachers should help their students not only learn conceptual definitions of geometric figures in their courses well but also advance to rigid mathematical definitions. Therefore, that's why mathematics teachers should know meanings of concepts clearly and accurately.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.97-106
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• 2019

Based on previous studies such as TPACK, digital literacy, and maker education, this study searched the Skills for Using Technologies required for elementary school pre - service teachers and classified them into 13 sub - factors in 5 domains. We designed and applied a project-based maker education instructional model to improve Skills for Using Technologies for first grade students at G Education University taking "technology utilization and smart life". Through interviews after the lecture and after the lecture, the ability of university students to utilize the technology was examined and the acceptance attitude was improved. We also modified the project-based maker education model based on interviews, observation logs, and mutual evaluations of college students.