• The Mathematical Education
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• v.63 no.2
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• pp.187-207
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• 2024

In this study, we explored the feasibility of automatically scoring descriptive assessment items using GPT-4 based ChatGPT by comparing and analyzing the scoring results between teachers and GPT-4 based ChatGPT. For this purpose, three descriptive items from the permutation and combination unit for first-year high school students were selected from the KICE (Korea Institute for Curriculum and Evaluation) website. Items 1 and 2 had only one problem-solving strategy, while Item 3 had more than two strategies. Two teachers, each with over eight years of educational experience, graded answers from 204 students and compared these with the results from GPT-4 based ChatGPT. Various techniques such as Few-Shot-CoT, SC, structured, and Iteratively prompts were utilized to construct prompts for scoring, which were then inputted into GPT-4 based ChatGPT for scoring. The scoring results for Items 1 and 2 showed a strong correlation between the teachers' and GPT-4's scoring. For Item 3, which involved multiple problem-solving strategies, the student answers were first classified according to their strategies using prompts inputted into GPT-4 based ChatGPT. Following this classification, scoring prompts tailored to each type were applied and inputted into GPT-4 based ChatGPT for scoring, and these results also showed a strong correlation with the teachers' scoring. Through this, the potential for GPT-4 models utilizing prompt engineering to assist in teachers' scoring was confirmed, and the limitations of this study and directions for future research were presented.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.57-79
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• 2024

Purpose: The present study identified the determinants in the development of intrapreneurial intention in small and medium-sized local hospitals. A careful literature review led to the development of a conceptual model which identified two types of employee competence-individual competence and managerial competence-to influence intrapreneurial orientation positively. It was hypothesized that intrapreneurial orientation predicts intrapreneurial intention and is mediated by intrapreneurial commitment. Methodology/Approach: The target population was chosen from two medical institutions of 'D' Hospital and 'E' Geriatric Hospital in Changwon City, South Korea. Samples were collected from 299 respondents who completed a structured questionnaire. Findings: The results from a structural equation modeling statistical analysis indicated that (1) individual competence and managerial competence positively and significantly predict intrapreneurial orientation, (2) intrapreneurial orientation positively and significantly influences intrapreneurial intention, (3) intrapreneurial commitment partially mediates the relation of intrapreneurial orientation to intrapreneurial intention, and (4) the mediation effect of intrapreneurial commitment was significant in the medical-personnel group, but not in the non-medical group. Practical Implications: Overall findings from the present work provide vital insights into understanding the preconditions for developing employee intrapreneurship in small and medium-sized local hospitals.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.345-363
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• 2024

Steel pipe reinforced grouting method has been widely used to strengthen the crown of tunnel face and prevent groundwater leakage during tunnel excavation. Various injection procedures without sealing have recently been suggested to enhance efficiency. There are two representative injection methods. One is simultaneous injection in segmented batches, and the other is multiple injection using the external packer. The pros and cons of each method were discussed in terms of construction duration and equipment. However, it has yet to be discussed how the injection procedure affects the grout diffusion range in the ground. This study aims to evaluate the grout diffusion range quantitatively by considering the practical grouting sequences. The grout viscosity was measured by laboratory testing. Then, the numerical modeling was structured using the commercial computational fluid dynamics software. Finally, the grout diffusion range affected by the injection procedure and ground conditions was evaluated by performing the numerical parametric study. The results showed that the injection method highly affected the grout diffusion range, especially for inhomogeneous soil. Consequently, it is anticipated that the proper method of steel pipe reinforced grouting will be suggested.

• Journal of Advanced Technology Convergence
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.57-70
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• 2024

This study is a correlational research to identify the factors influencing the infertility-related quality of life of infertile women. The participants included 131 infertile women who visited the department of obstetrics and gynecology of a general hospital in C city for infertility treatment. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire between May 11 and July 31, 2020. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Schéffe test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and simultaneous multiple regression using SPSS 18.0 program. The degree of infertility-related quality of life was 3.73±0.65. Infertility-related quality of life had a significant correlation with marital intimacy (r=.37, p<.001), spousal support (r=.38, p<.001), social support (r=.43, p<.001), infertility stress (r=-.74, p<.001) and depression(r=-.54, p<.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that infertility stress (β=-.58, p<.001), depression (β=-.28, p<.001), and social support (β=.16, p=.011) had significant effects on the infertility-related quality of life in infertile women, These variables explained 64.0% of the infertility-related quality of life in infertile women. The main variables affecting infertility-related quality of life were found to be infertility stress, depression, and social support. Therefore, to improve the infertility-related quality of life of infertile women, hospitals should develop an intervention program that can reduce fertility stress and depression and improve social support. Studies should also be conducted to confirm these effects. Depression

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.75
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• pp.7-31
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• 2023

Purpose of study: The purpose of this essay is to seek an alternative direction for confirmation education within the context of Korean Protestant Church, addressing the following issues: 1) Confusion in the use of terminology on confirmation, 2) Superficial understanding of confirmation, and the absence or privatization of confirmation theology, 3) Formalized confirmation education based on the concept of rites of passage, and 4) The absence of denominationally structured confirmation education. Research content and method: To achieve this purpose, this essay attempts to foster an intradisciplinary and interactive dialogue on confirmation through a biblical, historical, and theological approach. Biblically, confirmation is to be understood as the unity of the baptism of water and the baptism of Holy Spirit, associated with the consecration of the baptized as royal priests through the baptism of Holy Spirit. Historically, as a part of the rite of Christian initiation, confirmation was a unified rite that has undergone a process of separation and reunification. Theologically, the rite of confirmation affirms the covenant of the Triune God given in baptism and is positioned between baptism and the Lord's Supper. Conclusions and Suggestions: In conclusion, this essay suggests an alternative form of Confirmation education that is oriented towards the following objectives: 1) Education that forms the identity given in the baptismal covenant, 2) Education that reflects characteristics of both baptism and the Lord's Supper, 3) Education that integrates the Bible, doctrine, and life of confirmand and, 4) Education based on an organic educational system.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.383-388
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• 2024

This study conducted voluntary focus group user observations to empirically validate the efficacy of the self-developed psychological support mobile application, "Mindful Now". The app is structured as an interactive game format, enabling individuals to activate self-awareness of mindfulness states anytime, anywhere. It consists of a 3-step process of sensory/emotional/consciousness awareness, facilitating the expression of non-judgmental awareness. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this mindful activation in enhancing psychological well-being such as happiness and stress reduction, voluntary mindfulness mobile app usage was tracked among 49 university students. The results revealed significant improvements, with a 14.4% increase in SWLS happiness index and a 17.1% decrease in PSS-10 stress levels among 12 users who used the app continuously for over 60 days to practice mindfulness awareness. Particularly, higher app engagement was observed among students who initially reported relatively lower indices before using the app. The utilization of mobile apps that promote mindful activation aligns with various therapeutic paradigms based on mindfulness and meditation, contributing to advancements in digital therapeutic interventions for psychological support.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.262-268
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• 2024

In this study, the MXene/Si composite was prepared by electrostacic assembly with 2-dimensional structured titanium carbide (MXene) and nano silicon for anode material of high-performance lithium-ion battery. Ti₃C₂T_x MXene was synthesized by etching the Ti₃AlC₂ MAX with LiF/HCl, and the surface of nano silicon was charged to positively using CTAB (Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide). The MXene/Si anode composite was successfully manufactured by simple mixing process of synthesized MXene and charged silicon. The physical and electrochemical properties of prepared composite were investigated with MXene-silicon composition ratio, and the surface of electrode after cycles was analyzed to evaluate stability of the electrode. The MXene/Si composites demonstrated high initial discharge capacities of 1962.9, 2395.2 and 2504.3 mAh/g as the silicon composition ratio increased to 2, 3 and 4 compared to MXene, respectively. MXene/Si-4, which is MXene and silicon ratio with 1 : 4, exhibited 1387.5 mAh/g of reversible capacity, 74.5% of capacity retention at 100 cycles and high capacity of 700.5 mAh/g at high rate of 4.0 C. As the results, the MXene/Si composite prepared by electrostatic-assenbly could be applied to anode materials for high-performance LIBs.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.50
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• pp.69-98
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• 2024

The development of artificial intelligence poses a greater threat to humanity than any other ideology or material phenomenon that has changed human society and culture so far. Based on these changes, the proper direction for research on Daesoon Thought should be determined such that education in the current digital age approached skillfully and the path forward is made more apparent. First, the digitization of Daesoon Thought has accumulated greatly in recent years, and these archives are accessed through data mining which can be activated to find data, specify meanings and patterns, and reveal significance and values. Second, by applying the results of data mining to Daesoon Thought education, the causal, correlational, and response relationships between events, characters, and relics can be studied. Daesoon Thought education that demonstrates imagination should be provided through the 'creation of personal networks,' the 'creation of a timeline of events,' and the 'creation of an electronic cultural map of where those events occurred.' Third, digital archives should not only be focused on structured materials such as newsletters and papers. Ideas about data mining and data visualization should be actively developed and research should be expanded toward data science. In addition, the creation of a common platform for digital Daesoon Thought should be regarded as essential. Through this research, Daesoon Thought can be guided to take on this fundamental challenge in order to emerge as a future leader in this digital age and advent of digital humanities.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.343-360
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• 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the difficulties with scientific research faced by leading Korean scientists and suggest implications for science education. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 13 leading Korean scientists and were qualitatively analyzed using constructivist grounded theory. The results of the study showed that the leading scientists encountered 11 subcategories of difficulties, which were grouped into three main categories: uncharted territory, unexpected situations, and a lack of resources in domestic research environments. 'Uncharted territory' comprised anxiety due to uncertainty about research performance, insufficient knowledge accumulation in the field of research, and the burden of maintaining research influence as an academic leader. 'Unexpected situations' included encountering new phenomena that cannot be explained by existing theories, an inability to utilize research results, and repeated failures. 'A lack of resources in domestic research environments' included inadequate research funding support systems, a shortage of expert networks, limitations on employment and career opportunities for students, poor research equipment, and insufficient support policies for retired researchers. This study provides science educators with implications for the direction of science education and R&E. For students, it can serve as career education material, their attitudes towards science and their understanding of its nature. Lastly, the study may contribute to finding ways to improve scientific research policies and to developing a culture that fosters expertise in science.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.317-324
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• 2024

We demonstrate a direct growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of LiFePO₄ (LFP) powders for use in lithium-ion batteries (LIB). LFP has been widely used as a cathode material due to its low cost and high stability. However, there is a still enough room for development to overcome its low energy density and electrical conductivity. In this study, we fabricated novel structured composites of LFP and CNTs (LFP-CNTs) and characterized the electrochemical properties of LIB. The composites were prepared by direct growth of CNTs on the surface of LFP using a rotary chemical vapor deposition. The growth temperature and rotation speed of the chamber were optimized at 600 ℃ and 5 rpm, respectively. For the LIB cell fabrication, a half-cell was fabricated using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and carbon black as binder and conductive additives, respectively. The electrochemical properties of LIBs using commercial carbon-coated LFP (LFP/C), LFP with CNTs grown for 10 (LFP/CNTs-10m) and 30 min(LFP/CNTs-30m) are comparatively investigated. For example, after the formation cycle, we obtained 149.3, 160.1, and 175.0 mAh/g for LFP/C, LFP/CNTs-10m, and LFP/CNTs-30m, respectively. In addition, the improved rate performance and 111.9 mAh/g capacity at 2C rate were achieved from the LFP/CNTs-30m sample compared to the LFP/CNTs-10m and LFP/C samples. We believe that the approach using direct growth of CNTs on LFP particles provides straightforward solution to improve the conductivity in the LFP-based electrode by constructing conduction pathways.