• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.665-676
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• 2015

In this case study, we analyzed the processes of STEAM lessons conducted by preservice secondary science teachers. Three preservice science teachers at a college of education in Seoul participated in this study. After the workshop for STEAM education, they planned and practiced STEAM lessons. All of the teaching-learning materials were collected before lessons, and their lessons were observed and videotaped. Semi-structured interviews were also conducted before and after their lessons. The processes of STEAM lessons were analyzed while focusing on PCK and PDC. Their difficulties, needs, and views on STEAM education were also studied. It was found that they have taken much efforts to reflect the objectives and characteristics of STEAM education, and prepared teaching-learning materials by searching on the internet and arranging creative contents. Their great difficulty was to determine topics for STEAM lessons. While one preservice teacher satisfied with her lesson perceived STEAM education positively, the others perceived that it would be very difficult to practice STEAM lessons in school. For their STEAM lessons to be successful, the workshop needs to include some specific information on grades, proper topics for each grade, ways of making materials, and tips for effective STEAM lessons. In addition, it will be effective if the workshop is carried out after their study on constructivist learning theory and if they experience successful STEAM lessons.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.306-319
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate high school students' learning style, perception of types of laboratory instruction, and the relationship between the learning style and preferred type of laboratory instruction. The participants of this study were 19 female high school students, from Incheon in Korea, who showed outstanding science grades. Dunn et al's revised Learning Styles Inventory (1997) was used for testing students' learning style. The students were asked to choose preferred and not preferred types of experiments and describe the reason of the choices after implementation of 4 types of experiments: verification, discovery, explorator, and investigation laboratory instructions. The findings of this study were as follows: Firstly, the students had a certain common learning style irrelevant to their personal characteristics, i. e; they showed high (self, teacher, parents) motivation and structure stimuli that was common in Korean students. Second, outstanding students prefer unstructured and open laboratory instructions. And those students were highly influenced by sociological and emotional stimuli. Third, students' learning style was related to their preferred type of laboratory instruction. Students preferring unstructured and open laboratory were influenced by sociological and emotional stimuli, while those preferring structured and closed laboratory were influenced by physiological stimuli.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.234-248
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• 2010

This study was conducted among 52 elementary pre service teachers not majoring in the natural sciences, who were taking Earth Science as an elective course at the University of Education located in central Korea. These elementary pre service teachers participated in story writing on the subject of earth system cycles over eight occasions. Changes in their understanding of the Earth's cycles were verified by comparing mind mapping exercises performed before and after the story writing. Afterwards, 43 out of the 52 subjects volunteered for structured interviews, in which they performed story-telling exercises. This study presents examples of story analysis that uses a variation of the wheel-shaped story map, and proposes story mapping as a preferred method of analysis. Before and after creative story writing activities, pre service teachers' mind mapping is analyzed to study possible positive changes. This study identified a gap between the instructional contents of the Earth system unit included in the 7th and current revised school curriculums on the one hand, and the conceptions expressed by the pre service teachers who studied these contents on the other.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.655-668
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated the middle school students' processes of scientific graph construction from the perspective of the problem solving process. Ten 9th graders participated in this study. They constructed a scientific graph based on pictorial data depicting precipitation reaction. The think-aloud method was used in order to investigate their thinking processes deeply. Their activities were videotaped, and semi-structured interviews were also conducted. The analysis of the results revealed that their processes of scientific graph construction could be classified into four types according to the problem solving strategy and the level of representations utilized. Students using the structural strategy succeeded in constructing scientific graph regardless of the level of representation utilized, by analyzing the data and identifying the trend based on the propositional knowledge about the target concept of the graph. Students of random strategy-higher order representation type were able to succeed in constructing scientific graph by systematically analyzing the characteristics of the data using various representations, and considering the meaning of the graph constructed in terms of the scientific context. On the other hand, students of random strategy-lower order representation type failed to construct correct scientific graph by constructing graph in a way of simply connecting points, and checking the processes of graph construction only without considering the scientific context. On the bases of the results, effective methods for improving students' ability to construct scientific graphs are discussed.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2005

Objectives: Narcolepsy is characterized by excessive sleepiness, cataplexy, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucination. As there have been few researches on narcolepsy symptomatology in adolescents, we examined gender differences and prevalence of narcolepsy tetrad among students attending high school. Methods: Total 20,407 subjects, ages 14-19 years filled out Ullanlinna Narcolepsy Scale (UNS). Subjects whose UNS scores were equal to or more than 14 were interviewed by telephone using semi-structured questionnaire. Variables included questions to evaluate tetrad of narcolepsy. Results: UNS scores were higher in female than male ($11.1{\pm}5.2$ vs. $9.6{\pm}4.5$, p<0.001). Subjects scoring the UNS equal to or more than 14 were 4,535 (22.2% of all the participants), more frequently observed in female than in male (p<0.001). Excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy-like symptoms, sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucination in subjects of UNS ${\geq}14$ were significantly higher in female subjects than male ones. However, no significant gender difference was observed in the frequencies of severe sleep attack and cataplexy-like symptoms. Sleep paralysis was most frequently reported during sleep. There was significant correlation between sleep paralysis and hypnagogic hallucination (r=0.235, p<0.01). Conclusions: Our findings were that female adolescents complained more frequently narcolepsy symptoms than male subjects. Female adolescents might be more sensitive than male ones to physical complaints such as sleepiness or muscle weakness.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.104 no.3
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• pp.443-453
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• 2015

In 1922, Hongneung forest was established to support the study of Korean forestry. Nowadays the forest also plays a role as urban forest which provides a green space for local people. This paper proposes the better management plan of Hongneung forest based on visitor monitoring. On-site surveys with a structured questionnaire were carried out from August to November in 2014 and total 750 data were analyzed. The survey results are as follows: 1) Visitors were inclusive of all age groups and most of them lived nearby Hongneung forest, 2) Visitors used the forest mainly for recreational purposes and recognized the forest as 'Green space' rather than 'experimental forest', 3) Visitors had great satisfaction from the forest visit and raised the necessity of more environment education and promotion of the program. Based on the results, the following solutions have been suggested: 1) Environment education will help visitors to raise awareness on the importance of Hongneung forest which plays a role as both experimental and urban forest, 2) Systematic visitor monitoring can contribute to efficient visitor management and administration of the areas. In conclusion, it is necessary to establish a visitor management system that enable to achieve a harmonization between nature conservation and recreational demands as well as to improve management of natural resource and service.

• 모자간호학회지
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.38-48
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• 1993

This study was done to suggest modification in the present hospital policy for Labour and Delivery which separates women in labour from their families. The design for study was a descriptive study. The number of subjects consisted of 82 postpartum women who had delivered within 12 hours and for whom there were no complications either for the mothers or for the newborns. Data collection was done with a structured questionnaire which was analyzed using frequencies and percentiles. The results of this study are as follows : 1. Most of subjects (90.2%) wanted their family to participate in the labour process. Husband were chosen as the primary participant(79.3%). The number of subjects who wanted their family to support them through the whole labour process (35.4%) was the highest, followed by, during labour(32.9%), as contrasted to, during delivery (1.2%). 2. Support from husband during pregnancy ranged from 55.6%-87.6% for all items. Primary support was from husband during the pregnancy. 3. The subjects wanted support from their families in labour by way of encouraging(84.1%), consolidating(81.7%), changing position(43.9%), maintaining relaxation(35.4%) and helping with respiration control (29.3%). The results showed higher support on the emotional level than the physical and informational level (26.8%). 4. The subjects answered that they expected that participation by their family during the labour process would have the effect of increasing security for the women in labour(79.3%), providing a better relationship between the family and the women in labour (57.3%) and the newborns(34.1%), and making for an easier labour courses (23.2%). 5. The priority of family members that the subjects wanted support from was, the husband, mother and mother-in-law in that order. It can be concluded that nurses help to maintain a management policy in the maternity setting which ignores the needs of the women in labour. If consideration is to be given to these subjects, future programs should include participation by the family in the labour process.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.301-313
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop the frame for standardized manual for Sanhujoriwon by finding out the status of the management of women & newborn in Sanhujoriwon, like postpartum care center. The subjects were 95 staffs of 22 Sanhujoriwon agreed on oral consent, in Seoul and Bundang, Korea. Data were collected from Sep. 15 to Oct. 24, 2001. The instrument used for this study was a structured questionnaire consisted of 16 items of general characteristics & educational characteristics about postpartum care, 31 items of degree of management of women's postpartum care (Cronbach's $\alpha$.93 ), 24 items of degree of management of newborn's care(Cronbach's $\alpha$.94 ), 10 items of methods of management of women's postpartum care, 8 items of methods management of newborn's care. The data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC+ program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of the study were as follows ; 1. The mean of the degree of management for postpartum women was 4.1. The mean score for the degree of management of general postpartum care for women was 4.00 & traditional postpartum care(Sanhujori) was 4.20. The degree of management of traditional postpartum care was higher than general postpartum care for women. 2. The degree of management for newborn : The mean score for the degree of management of newborn was 4.37. 3.There was a strong positive correlation between general postpartum care and traditional postpartum care($r=.744^{**}$), and postpartum mother care and newborn care($r=.798^{**}$). 4.The basic frame for the management of the women and newborn in Sanhujoriwon. 1) For women: Integrated postpartal care Physical management : Vital sign & BP check, contraction of uterus, form and amount of lochia, management of personal hygiene, management of breast & breast-feeding, management of postpartum exercise, prevention of infection, symptom & sign of high risk and prevention & management of high risk condition; Emotional-psychological management: assessment and management of mother-baby attachment, emotional state; Educational management : education of vaccination schedule, urinary incontinence, rearing infant, breast-feeding ; and Environmental management : temperature, humidity, disinfection, cleaning, light, infection control integrated with 6 principles of Sanhujori. 2) For newborn Physical management : check of vital sign, management of umbilical cord, jaundice, prevention of infection, management of diaper rash; Emotional-psychological management : assessment of sleep, crying, activity, response of mother-baby attachment; and Environmental management : temperature, humidity, disinfection, cleaning, light, infection control integrated with 6 principles of Sanhujori. In conclusion Sanhujoriwon must be health care center for the postpartum women and newborn. Therefore, the establishment of various laws and regulations in such a way to meet the realistic needs of Sanhujoriwon as a health care center for women and infants future health should be done. The standardized management manual based on the results is absolutely required above all.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.244-256
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects on labor pain and duration of delivery time for primipara women treated by San-Yin-Jiao(SP-6) and Hob-Gog(LI-4) acupressure. The design of this study was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronizedpost test only design. It was done to identify the effects of SP-6 acupressure or LI-4 acupressure on labor pain in primipara women. The benefits of using SP-6 acupressure or LI-4 acupressure were evaluated by comparing three groups, a SP-6 acupressure group, a LI-4 acupressure group and a control group, not treated with acupressure. The participants included 192 primiparas who underwent vaginal delivery, 72 primiparas in the control group, 71 in the SP-6 acupressure group and 49 in the LI-4 acupressure group. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire consisting of general characteristics, a subjective labor pain scale (Johnson, 1974), and measurement of duration of delivery time. The results of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Differences in the acupressure effect for SP-6 and LI-4 were analyzed using Scheffe's test which showed that differences in the control group vs the SP-6 group and the control group vs the LI-4 group were statistically significant (t=21.767, p<0.05; t=23.923, p<0.05), but the SP-6 group vs the LI-4 group showed no significant differences. 2. The duration of delivery time in the group which had SP-6 acupressure or LI-4 acupressure was shorter (400.77${\pm}$153.34; 379.10${\pm}$127.60) than in the control group (528.68${\pm}$239.08). Differences in the effects of acupressure with SP-6 and LI-4 were also analyzed by Scheffe's test. Control group vs SP-6 group and Control group vs LI-4 group were significantly different(t=127.91, p<0.05; t=149.58, p<0.05), but the SP-6 group vs the LI-4 group did not show any statistically significant difference (t=21.67). This study has shown that SP-6 and LI-4 acupressure were both effective in relation to labor pain and duration of delivery time for primiparas. But it is necessary to replicate the study with a larger number of participants to generalize of the results.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.579-595
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• 2001

This study was carried out to understand the home health care needs of postpartum women during the postpartum period. The goal of this study was to obtain data needed to develope postpartum home health care programs and to improve the nursing quality for postpartum women. A convenient sample of 105 healthy women who were discharged after delivery at a maternity hospital in Ulsan, Korea were studied from January 25 to April 15, 2001. Data collection was done with a structured questionnaire (maternal concerns questionnaire) by mailing. Data was collected from 1 to 4 weeks after delivery. The Results of this study were as follows: 1. The mean score of home health care need of postpartum women was 2.51. The degree of nursing need according to the category of home health care needs was 'concerns about the infant ($2.91{\pm}.68$)', 'maternal physical and emotional concerns ($2.62{\pm}.52$)', 'concerns related to the husband ($2.45{\pm}.73$)', 'concerns related to the family ($2.16{\pm}.64$)', 'concerns related to the community ($2.03{\pm}.60$)' in rank. Among the items, 'recognizing illness in the newborn ($3.36{\pm}.83$)', 'normal growth and development ($3.33{\pm}.92$)' were high. 2. Among items of concerns about infant ($2.91{\pm}.68$), 'recognizing illness in the newborn ($3.36{\pm}.83$)', 'normal growth and development ($3.33{\pm}.52$)' showed high nursing needs. 3. Among items of maternal physical and emotional concerns ($2.62{\pm}.52$), 'being a good mother ($3.31{\pm}.86$)', 'return of their figures to normal ($3.04{\pm}1.05$) showed high nursing needs. 4. Among items of concerns about husband ($2.45{\pm}.73$), 'husband being a good father ($2.84{\pm}1.00$) shows high nursing needs. 5. Among items of concerns related to the community ($2.03{\pm}.60$), 'getting to health care facilities ($2.69{\pm}.90$) shows high nursing needs. 6. On considering the relationship between the postpartum women s home health care needs and their general characteristics, parity (t=2.436, p=.017) and delivery type (t=2.074, p=.041) were statistically significant.