• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2012

The focus of this study is on investigating an appropriate selling strategy for the guests of a fine dining restaurant in deluxe hotels located on seoul. As survey methods, questionnaires were prepared and distributed to the customers who visited the restaurants of five-star hotels in Seoul. The survey was carried out from July 1 to August 30, 2010. Total 223 copies of questionnaire were used for final analysis. Frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, exploration factor analysis, and reliability analysis were conducted through SPSS 18.0 for final analysis, and path analysis was conducted through AMOS 18.0 for verification of hypotheses. The hypothesized relationships among the models were tested simultaneously by using a structure equation model(SEM). The proposed model provided an adequate fit to the date, $X^2$ = 143.934(df=120, p<.001), GFI=0.935. AGFI= 0.907, RMR=0.022, CFI=0.983. The study results are as follows. First, the restaurant employee's adaptive selling strategies consist of persuasion-suggestion, kindness-rapidity. Second, in the result of analysis to understand the influences between customer satisfaction and adaptive selling strategies, customer satisfaction is shown to have an influential relationships with persuasion-suggestion strategy and kindness-rapidity strategy of employee's adaptive selling. Third, all adaptive selling strategies did not affect customer loyalty. Finally, customers who are satisfied with such services have a significant effect on customer loyalty and supports the existing previous studies.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

We investigate the spin dynamics of the magnetic domain wall using the magnetic noise in the magnetic nanowire structure by employing micromagnetic simulations. Magnetic noise due to the thermal fluctuations in ferromagnetic materials is related to magnetic susceptibility and resonance frequency, which are important physical quantities in the study of the spin dynamics. In this study, we present the magnetic noise of the single domain without magnetic domain wall, and with the magnetic domain wall between two magnetic domains in ferromagnetic nanowires. It is confirmed that the Kittel equation with simple ellipsoid model with demagnetizing factor well describe the resonance frequency due to magnetic noise of the single domain. Besides, we find that there is a distinguishable additional resonance frequency, when a magnetic domain wall exists. It is verified that the additional resonance frequency is originated from the magnetic domain wall, and it is lower than one of the single domain. It implies that the spins inside the domain wall have a different effective field.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 2015

This study was performed to determine the occupational stress and its association with human nature factors, mental health factors and fatigue among some hospital administrative staff. The survey was administered to 189 staff in Jeonbuk area from June 1st to July 31th, 2014. The level of occupational stress was positively correlated with human nature, mental health and fatigue. The results of hierarchical multiple regression analysis show the following. The occupational stress of respondents turned out to be significantly higher in following groups: a group of female, a group that chance locus of control is higher, a group that external locus of control is lower, a group of the lower self-esteem, a group of higher situational fatigue, a group of higher psycho-social stress, and a group of higher depression. Their explanatory power was 60.4%. With the analysis of covariance structure, we could confirm relationship among the four factors such as human nature, mental health, fatigue and occupational stress. Also, the analysis showed that human nature factors were more influential on the occupational stress than mental health factors and fatigue.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.327-336
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• 2014

Submerged thin walls are extreme case of submerged rectangular blocks, and could be used for many purposes in rivers or coastal zones, e.g. to tsunami. To understand flow characteristics including flow and pressure fields around a specific submerged thin wall a numerical model was applied which includes computation of hydrodynamic pressure on ${\sigma}$-coordinate. ${\sigma}$-coordinate has strong merits for simulation of subcritical flow over mild-sloped beds. On the other hand ${\sigma}$-coordinate is quite poor to treat sharp structures on the bed. There have been a few trials to incorporate dynamic pressure in ${\sigma}$-coordinate by some researchers. One of the previous approaches includes process of sloving the Poisson equation. However, the above method includes many high-order terms, and requires long cpu for simulation. Another method SOLA was developed by Hirt et al. for computation of dynamic pressure, but it was valid for straight grid system only. Previous SOLA was modified for ${\sigma}$-coordinate for the present purpose and was adopted in a model system, CST3D. Computed flow field shows reasonable behaviour including vorticity is much stronger than the upstream and downstream of the structure. The model was verified to laboratory experiments at a 2DV flume. Time-average flow vectors were measured by using one-dimensional electro-magnetic velocimeter. Computed flow field agrees well with the measured flow field within 10 % error from the speed point of view at 5 profiles. It is thought that the modified SOLA scheme is useful for ${\sigma}$-coordinate system.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.463-472
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among three factors such as the family health, school adjustment and internet addiction, and their subordinated factors. The research is going to clarify if school adjustment has mediating effect in the relationship between the family health and internet addiction. 371 of elementary school students resideing in Dadjeon-city completed questionnaires assessing family health, school adjustment and internet addiction. The sample variance-covariance matrix was analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 20.0, the mazimum likelihood minimization function. The goodness of fit was evaluated using the SRMR, RMSEA and its 90% confidence interval, CFI, and TLI. The results are as follows: First, there were significant correlations among family health, school adjustment and internet addiction. Second, the subordinated factors in the family health, school adjustment, and internet addiction regulation are also closely related in the statistically significant positive relationship excepting school adjustment. After conducting the Covariance Structure Analysis to verify the mediating effect of school adjustment in the relationship between the family health and internet addiction, we found that it was appropriate to explain our findings with the structural equation model. when the family health has an effect on internet addiction, the school adjustment partially influences this process. Finally, educational implications and suggestions for future studies are addressed.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.18-24
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• 2015

Non-destructive testing (NDT) methods are widely used in the construction industry to diagnose the defects/strength of the concrete structure. However, it has been reported that the results obtained from NDT are having low reliability. In order to resolve this issue, four kinds of NDT test (ultrasonic velocity measurements by P-wave and S-wave and the impact resonance methods by longitudinal vibration and deformation vibration) were carried out on 180 concrete cylinders made with two kinds of mix proportions. The reliability of the NDT results was analyzed and compared through the measurement of the actual compressive strength of the concrete cylinders. The statistical analysis of the results was revealed that the ultrasonic velocity method by S-wave is having lowest coefficient of variation and also most capable of stable observation. Analytical equations were established to estimate the compressive strength of the concrete from the obtained NDT results by relating the actual compressive strength. Moreover the equation established by the ultrasonic velocity method by S-wave had the highest coefficient of determination. Further studies on the stability of non-destructive testing depending on various mixing conditions will be necessary in the future.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.33-40
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• 2003

In this work, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA)/polyetherimide (PEI) blends were cured using 4,4-diaminodiphenyl methane (DDM). And the effects of addition of different PEI contents to neat DGEBA were investigated in the thermal properties and fracture toughness of the blends. The contents of contents of containing PEI were varied in 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 phr. The cure activation energies ($E_a$) of the cured specimens were determined by Kissinger equation and the mechanical interfacial properties of the specimens were performed by critical stress intensity factor ($K_{IC}$). Also their surfaces were examined by using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the surface energetics of blends was determined by contact angles. As a result, $E_a$ and $K_{IC}$ showed maximum values in the 7.5 phr PEI. This result was interpreted in the increment of the network structure of DGEBA/PEI blends. Also, the surface energetics of the DGEBA/PEI blends showed a similar behavior with the results of $K_{IC}$. This was probably due to the improving of specific or polor component of the surface free energy of DGEBA/PEI blends, resulting in increasing the hydrogen bonding of the hydroxyl and imide groups of the blends.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.209-217
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• 2010

Recently, some mathematical models for the prediction on progress of carbonation of concrete were reported. These models take account for $CO_2$ diffusion and chemical reaction between $Ca(OH)_2$ and $CO_2$. Based on the assumption that $CO_2$ diffuses in the carbonation zone and reacts with $Ca(OH)_2$ at the outer face of carbonation zone and non-carbonation zone. In this study, a mathematical model to predict the progress of carbonation of concrete has been established based on the reducing concentration of $Ca(OH)_2$ in the carbonation progress zone, where $Ca(OH)_2$ reacts with $CO_2$ and $Ca(OH)_2$ and $CaCO_3$ coexist. Also, the prediction model of carbonation progress rate of concrete using the air permeability coefficient regarding to $CO_2$ diffusion is developed. As a result of this study, an expression, the model equation is obtained for the prediction of carbonation based on the time and interaction velocity between $CO_2$ and Ca(OH)$_2$ dependent air permeability coefficient. The prediction by the model satisfied the experimental data of the accelerated carbonation for painted concrete. Consequently, the model can predict the rate of carbonation and the potential service life of concrete structure exposed to atmosphere.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-36
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• 2005

In this study, we analyzed determinant factors of leverage ratio and debt maturity for Korean firms in the simultaneous equation system using 2SLS (two stage least square) method under assumption that two variables are jointly determined in the capital structure decision. As a result of the analysis, we found that leverage ratio and debt maturity are positively related. Also, as for determinant factors of debt maturity, agency cost hypothesis, asset maturity matching hypothesis, signalling and liquidity risk hypothesis are all generally supported, and further leverage ratio are significantly positively related with firm size, but negatively related with default risk. However, when we divided samples into groups according to bank debt level and Chaebul affiliation, with contrast to existing study which worked on similar issues with OLS, we found no evidence supporting the argument that the information asymmetry problem is less severe in firms with more bank debt, whereas information asymmetry and financial constraint problems are more severe in non-Chaebul affiliated firms.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.215-238
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• 2004

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of conflict and nurturing factors for the divorced parent on the behavioral adaptation of their children. The participants in this study include 216 children in divorced families nationwide. Structural Equation Modeling with LISREL8 was used for statistical method. In order to achieve the purpose, researchers firstly tried to test a construct validity of conceptual variables(parental conflict, negative attitude of parental nurturing, child's belief about parental divorce, child's aggression and child's delinquence) by employing exploratory factor analysis(EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis(CFA). Result showed that all the five conceptual variables were discriminated. It was identified as the fit index of path structure was good(CFI=.955, NNFI=.947, RMSEA=.046). The specific result were as follows: 1. the parental conflict(${\xi}1$) was directly related to the negative attitude of parental nurturing(${\eta}1$) and the child's belief about parental divorce(${\eta}2$). 2. the parental conflict(${\xi}1$) was indirectly related to child's belief about parental divorce(${\eta}2$), the child's aggression(${\eta}3$) and delinquence(${\eta}4$). 3. the negative attitude of parental nurturing(${\eta}1$) was directly related to the child's belief about parental divorce(${\eta}2$). 4. the negative attitude of parental nurturing(${\eta}1$) was indirectly related to the child's aggression(${\eta}3$) and delinquence(${\eta}4$). Lastly, and, the child's belief about parental divorce(${\eta}2$) was directly related to the child's aggression(${\eta}3$) and delinquence(${\eta}4$). Researchers also identified the mediating effect of the parental nurturing between parental conflict and child's belief about parental divorce. On the basis of these results, this article provided some suggestions for promoting of children welfare.