• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제34권7호
• /
• pp.1087-1099
• /
• 2010

This study explores the retail environment factors of the changes mentioned in the "Factors and Directions of the Change of the Apparel Retail Structure in Korea" (Part I) to understand the changes in apparel retail institutions. This study was done through a literature research method and the results are as follows. First, changing consumer needs and trends require extensive new products, a method to manufacture diverse products according to the market demand, and the necessity to manufacture based on trends in demand. This limits the role of mass production, which brought about more flexible manufacturing modes, scaled down manufacturing factories, promoted more cooperative subcontract relationships, and increased global sourcing which uses other companies at the most appropriate global venue. How to organize and use cooperative networks that benefit companies is the key to global competitiveness in the new era and the information technology developed around retail shops plays a key role. Consequently, the management of consumers and their information becomes critical and retail distribution functions become a key corporate function. In addition, it is difficult for small shops to introduce effective new technologies that encourage the growth of large companies. Second, apparel companies that use to benefit from scale merits based on the previous mass production system are now becoming effective by using economies of scale through mass retailing while shops are enlarging their sizes as a way to survive. On the other hand, inexpensive clothes become even more inexpensive while expensive ones become even more expensive, promoting polarization and diverse price ranges that widen consumer options.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제31권4호
• /
• pp.311-321
• /
• 2003

세균은 지방을 분해할 수 있는 다양한 리파제를 생산한다. 리파제는 반응조건에 따라서 지방의 합성도 수행할 수 있는데 , 이러한 효소반응과정에서 고도의 기질특이성과 위치특이성 및 입체특이성을 보이기 때문에 제약산업과 정밀화학산업에서 효소촉매로서 널리 사용되고 있다. 지금가지 200종류 이상의 리파제효소가 보고되었으며, 이것들은 효소생산기원과 아미노산 상동성을 기준으로 6개의 family로 분류된다. 지난 10년 간 세균 리파제 6종에 대한 3D구조가 밝혀졌다. 이것들은 모두 중심부분에$\alpha/\beta$폴딩구조와 세린, 히스티딘, 아스팔틴산으로 구성된 활성부위를 공통적으로 갖고 있다. 활성부위를 양친성 $\alpha$나선구조가 뚜껑처럼 덮고 있으며, 물과 오일의 경계면을 만나면, 이 뚜껑이 열리고 효소활성이 크게 증가하는 '계면활성화' 현상을 보인다. P. cepacia 리파제 구조에는 기질과 결합하는 4개의 포켓이 있는데 이중 하나는 옥시음이온 구멍이고, 다른 세 개는 기질의 sn-1, sn-2, sn-3 지방산과 결합하는 부위이다. 이 포켓의 크기와 방향 및 소수성정도에 의해서 효소의 기질특이성과 입체특이성이 결정된다. 현재 이러한 구조연구를 기반으로 사용목적에 따른 맞춤 효소를 생산하기 위한 효소 개량연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제42권1호
• /
• pp.56-66
• /
• 2019

Histidine triad nucleotide-binding protein (HINT) is a member of the histidine triad (HIT) superfamily, which has hydrolase activity owing to a histidine triad motif. The HIT superfamily can be divided to five classes with functions in galactose metabolism, DNA repair, and tumor suppression. HINTs are highly conserved from archaea to humans and function as tumor suppressors, translation regulators, and neuropathy inhibitors. Although the structures of HINT proteins from various species have been reported, limited structural information is available for fungal species. Here, to elucidate the structural features and functional diversity of HINTs, we determined the crystal structure of HINT from the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans (CaHINT) in complex with zinc ions at a resolution of $2.5{\AA}$. Based on structural comparisons, the monomer of CaHINT overlaid best with HINT protein from the protozoal species Leishmania major. Additionally, structural comparisons with human HINT revealed an additional helix at the C-terminus of CaHINT. Interestingly, the extended C-terminal helix interacted with the N-terminal loop (${\alpha}1-{\beta}1$) and with the ${\alpha}3$ helix, which appeared to stabilize the dimerization of CaHINT. In the C-terminal region, structural and sequence comparisons showed strong relationships among 19 diverse species from archea to humans, suggesting early separation in the course of evolution. Further studies are required to address the functional significance of variations in the C-terminal region. This structural analysis of CaHINT provided important insights into the molecular aspects of evolution within the HIT superfamily.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:컴퓨팅의 실제 및 레터
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.133-148
• /
• 2005

단백질 구조에 대한 유사성과 특이성에 대한 이해는 단백질의 기능을 파악하는데 있어 중요한 역할을 하고 있기 때문에, 많은 단백질 구조를 비교하는 시스템이 개발되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 시스템들은 단백질 구조 비교를 위한 자신의 알고리즘에 맞게 PDB에서 제공하는 데이타를 가공해야 한다 더욱이 PDB 데이타베이스에 저장된 데이타가 증가함에 따라 대용량의 단백질 구조 데이타베이스를 대상으로 주어진 단백질과 유사한 부분구조를 찾는 시스템은 보다 많은 계산량이 필요하여진다. 본 논문에서는 XML 데이타베이스인 eXist를 이용하여 PSAML 문서를 제공하는 PSAML 데이타베이스에 기반을 둔 WS4E(A Web-Based Searching Substructures of Secondary Structure Elements) 단백질 구조 비교 시스템을 소개한다. PSAML(Protein Structure Abstraction Markup Language)은 XML기반의 단백질 구조 표현 기법으로서 단백질의 2차구조 구성요소와 그들 사이의 관계를 이용하여 단백질 구조를 정형화된 방법으로 기술한다. 구축된 PSAML 데이타베이스를 이용하여, WS4E는 PSAML로 표현된 단백질 구조에서 유사한 부분 구조를 찾는 웹서비스를 제공한다. 또한, PSAML 데이타베이스에서 비교 대상이 되는 단백질의 숫자를 감소시키기 위하여, 단백질 2차구조가 가지는 공간상의 정보를 이용하여 하나의 단백질 구조를 표현하는 기법인 topology string을 이용하였다.

• 농약과학회지
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.138-143
• /
• 2007

감수성(SBC) 및 저항성(RBC) 잿빛곰팡이병균(Botrytis cinerea)에 대한 N-phenyl-O-phenylthionocarbamate 유도체들의 선택적인 살균활성에 대한 3차원적인 구조와 활성과의 관계(3D-QSAR)를 CoMFA와 CoMSIA 방법으로 검토하였다 그 결과, 통계적으로 CoMFA 모델(M5)보다 CoMSIA 모델(M7)이 양호하였으며 살균활성의 선택성에 미치는 요소는 CoMSIA 모델(M7)의 정전기장에 의존적이었다. 그러므로 CoMSIA 모델(M7)의 등고도로부터 N-phenyl 고리의 meta-위치에 음하전을 띄는 수소결합 주게에 의하여 선택성이 개선될 것으로 예상되었다.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.470-482
• /
• 2007

Purpose: This study aimed to describe the experience of family breakdown of Hwabyung patients in a socio-cultural context. Methods: Data for this study came from 5 participants, 2 family members and 1 friend of participant by interviews and participant observations from January 2006 to April 2007. Sociology of everyday lives analyzing method were adopted. Results: There were two processes of family breakdown ; sudden on set and progressive processes. The sudden breakdown was unpredictable death of a husband, the significant family member. On the other hand, their family structure and function were broken down through the husband, who repeatedly destructive and malicious behaviors. The experience of family breakdown of middle-aged women with Hwabyung in a socio-cultural context was weakened or severed family-relationships, exhaustion of economic sources, and the breakdown of participant's body. Participant's experience of family breakdown were influenced by Korean culture, the patriarchal social system and the clan-centered family system. Conclusion: Hwabyung is the result of a clan-centered family system and patriarchal system. The approach to Hwabyung should involve not only the person with the illness but also their family.

• 정보기술과데이타베이스저널
• /
• 제3권2호
• /
• pp.97-118
• /
• 1996

Information systems quality engineering is one of the most problematic areas in practice and research, and needs cooperative efforts between practice and theory [Glass, 1996]. A model for evaluating the quality of system development process and ensuing success is proposed based on information processing theory of project unit design. A nomological net among a set of quality variables is identified from prior research in the areas of organization science, software engineering, and management information systems. More specifically, system development success was modelled as a function of project complexity, system development modelling environment, user participation, project unit structure, resource availability, and the level of iterative nature of development methodology. Based on the model developed from the information processing theory of project unit design in organization science. appropriate quality metrics for each variable in the proposed model are matched. In this way, a framework of relevant systems development and success quality metrics for controlling systems development processes and ensuing success is proposed. The causal relationships among the constructs in the proposed model are proposed as future empirical research for academicians and as managerial tools for quality managers. The framework and propositions help quality manager to select more parsimonious quality metrics for controlling information systems development processes and project success in an integrated way. Also this model can be utilized for evaluating software quality assurance programmes, which are developed and marketed by many vendors.

• 대한의생명과학회지
• /
• 제14권2호
• /
• pp.119-122
• /
• 2008

The baculovirus/insect cell expression system is of great value in the study of structure-function relationships in mammalian glucose-transport proteins by site-directed mutagenesis and for the large-scale production of these proteins for mechanistic and biochemical studies. In order to exploit this, the effects of substitution at the highly conserved residue glutamine 282 of the human erythrocyte-type glucose transporter have been examined by in vitro site-directed mutagenesis. The modified human transport protein has been expressed in Spodoptera frugiperda 21 cells by using the recombinant baculovirus AcNPV-GTL. To assess the functional integrity of the expressed transporter, measurements of the transport inhibitor cytochalasin B binding were performed, involving the membranes prepared from 4 days post infection with no virus, with wild-type virus or AcNPV-GTL virus. Data obtained showed that there was little or no D-glucose-inhibitable binding in cells infected with the wild type or no virus. Only the recombinant virus infected cells exhibited specific binding, which is inhibitable by D- but not by L-glucose. However, there was a notable reduction in the affinity for the potent inhibitor cytochalasin B when binding measurements of AcNPV-GTL were compared with those of AcNPV-GT, which has no substitution. It is thus suggested that although the modified and unmodified human transporters differed slightly in their affinity for cytochalasin B, the glutamine substitution did not interfere the heterologous expression of the human transporter in the insect cells.

• 산경연구논집
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2019

Purpose - Manufacturers in uncertain environments need to depend on governance mechanisms to reduce the inherent risk in these environments. However, few studies have examined which governance mechanisms a given manufacturers will develop in uncertain environments for managing the relationships with its vertical partner. This study explores how different governance mechanisms function under uncertain environmental circumstances. We also try to investigate the contextual effect of interfirm benevolence as moderator. Research design, data, and methodology - This research provide the conceptual framework of interfirm benevolence on which this research's propositions are predicted. The theoretical background for environmental uncertainty, governance mechanisms and interfirm benevolence will be discussed. Results - The expected results are as follows. Manufacturers in an uncertain environments rely on different governance mechanisms under conditions of high and low interfirm benevolence. In terms of role of interfirm benevolence, interfirm benevolence provides a better understanding of how governance mechanisms can develop in an uncertain supply markets. Conclusions - This research suggests several theoretical and practical implications between channel partners, particularly, this research offers that interfirm benevolence is a crucial competitive factor under environmental uncertainty situation. In future studies, it is necessary to investigate the effect of each governance mechanism structure on performance in an uncertain environment and various level of interfirm benevolence.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2006

Genomic data is accumulating in public database at an unprecedented rate. Although presently dominated by the sequences of metazoan, plant, parasitic, and picoeukaryotic taxa, both expressed sequence tag (EST) and complete genomes of free-living algae are also slowly appearing. This wealth of information offers the opportunity to clarify many long-standing issues in algal and plant evolution such as the contribution of the plastid endosymbiont to nuclear genome evolution using the tools of comparative genomics and multi-gene phylogenetics. A particularly powerful approach for the automated analysis of genome data from multiple taxa is termed phylogenomics. Phylogenomics is the convergence of genomics science (the study of the function and structure of genes and genomes) and molecular phylogenetics (the study of the hierarchical evolutionary relationships among organisms, their genes and genomes). The use of phylogenetics to drive comparative genome analyses has facilitated the reconstruction of the evolutionary history of genes, gene families, and organisms. Here we survey the available genome data, introduce phylogenomic pipelines, and review some initial results of phylogenomic analyses of algal genome data.