• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.6 no.7
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• pp.337-352
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• 2017

Clone-and-own reuse is an approach to creating new software variants by copying and modifying existing software products. A family of legacy software products developed by clone-and-own reuse often requires high maintenance cost and tends to be error-prone due to patch-ups without refactoring and structural degradation. To overcome these problems, many organizations that have used clone-and-own reuse now want to migrate their legacy products to software product line (SPL) for more systematic reuse and management of software asset. However, with most of existing methods, variation points are embedded directly into design and code rather than modeled and managed separately; variation points are not created ("engineered") systematically based on a variability model. This approach causes the following problems: it is difficult to understand the relationships between variation points, thus it is hard to maintain such code and the asset tends to become error-prone as it evolves. Also, when SPL evolves, design/code assets tend to be modified directly in an ad-hoc manner rather than engineered systematically with appropriate refactoring. To address these problems, we propose a feature-oriented method for extracting a SPL asset from a family of legacy applications. With the approach, we identify and model variation points and their relationships in a feature model separate from implementation, and then extract and manage a SPL asset from legacy applications based on the feature model. We have applied the method to a family of legacy Notepad++ products and demonstrated the feasibility of the method.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.276-286
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• 2013

The goal of this study was to investigate change of thermal decomposition feature of miscanthus (Miscanthus sacchariflorus) after removal of inorganic constituents using distilled water (D.I-w; 30, 60 and $90^{\circ}C$). The carbon content was increased whereas the oxygen content was decreased with the temperature of D.I-w treatment. Moreover, ash content was slightly decreased from 4.6% of control to 3.2% of $90^{\circ}C$ D.I-w treated sample. Results of total monomeric sugar contents and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that structural changes of cellulose/hemicellulose regions did not occurr during D.I-w treatment. Results of inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-ES) showed that miscanthus has the largest amount of inorganic constituents such as potassium (5,644 ppm), phosphorus (3,995 ppm), magnesium (1,403 ppm) and calcium (711 ppm). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) confirmed that the yield of char slightly decreased whereas the yield of volatiles increased with increasing D.I-w treatment temperature. In addition, differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTGA) indicated that the maximum decomposition rate ($V_M$) and temperature ($T_M$) corresponding to VM were varied from $0.82%/^{\circ}C$, $360.60^{\circ}C$ of control to $1.17%/^{\circ}C$, $362.62^{\circ}C$ of $90^{\circ}C$-D.I-w treated sample.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.131-147
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• 2018

In the present study, the safety of the near surface disposal facility for low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste (LILW) is examined based on the fluid-flow simulation model. The effects of the structural design and hydrological properties of the disposal system are quantitatively evaluated by estimating the flux of infiltrated water at the boundary of the structure. Additionally, the safety margins of the disposal system, especially for the cover layer and vault, are determined by applying the various scenarios with consideration of possible facility designs and precipitation conditions. The overall results suggest that the disposal system used in this study is sufficiently suitable for the safe operation of the facility. In addition, it is confirmed that the soundness of both the cover layer and the vault have great impact on the safety of the facility. Especially, as shown in the vault degradation scenario, capability of the concrete barrier of the vault make more positive contribution on the safe operation of the facility compared to that of the cover layer.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.1433-1441
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• 2015

Pollution resulting from the discharge of textile dyes into water systems has become a major global concern. Because peroxidases are known for their ability to decolorize and detoxify textile dyes, the peroxidase activity of Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) has recently been studied. It is found that VHb and variants of this enzyme show great promise for enzymatic decolorization of dyes and may play a role in achieving their successful removal from industrial wastewater. The level of VHb peroxidase activity correlates with two amino acid residues present within the conserved distal pocket, at positions 53 and 54. In this work, sitedirected mutagenesis of these residues was performed and resulted in improved VHb peroxidase activity. The double mutant, Q53H/P54C, shows the highest dye decolorization and removal efficiency, with 70% removal efficiency within 5 min. UV spectral studies of Q53H/P54C reveals a more compact structure and an altered porphyrin environment (λ_Soret = 413 nm) relative to that of wild-type VHb (λ_Soret = 406), and differential scanning calorimetry data indicate that the VHb variant protein structure is more stable. In addition, circular dichroism spectroscopic studies indicate that this variant's increased protein structural stability is due to an increase in helical structure, as deduced from the melting temperature, which is higher than 90℃. Therefore, the VHb variant Q53H/P54C shows promise as an excellent peroxidase, with excellent dye decolorization activity and a more stable structure than wild-type VHb under high-temperature conditions.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.3990-3996
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• 2014

Because the physical properties can be decreased when a Nylon 66/glass fiber composite is injected into a mold over $300^{\circ}C$, a systematic study of the thermal history in the case of re-use is needed. Nylon 66/glass fiber extrudates as a function of the extrusion number were prepared using a twin screw extruder at 305/290/273/268/265/$260^{\circ}C$. The chemical structure, thermal properties, melt index, crystal structure, Izod impact strength, and rheological properties were measured by Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR), melt indexer, DSC, TGA, XRD, Izod impact tester, and dynamic rheometer. The FT-IR spectra indicated that the number of extrusions did not affect the chemical structure. The decrease in molecular weight with increasing extrusion number was confirmed by the melt index and the complex viscosity of extrudates. Based on the DSC and TGA results, the thermal history had no effect on the melting temperature, regardless of the number of extrusions, but the degradation temperature decreased up to $20^{\circ}C$ with increasing extrusion number. The Izod impact strengths of the extrudates were found to decrease with increasing extrusion number. No structural change after extrusion was also confirmed because there was no change in the slope and shape of the G'-G" plot.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.467-476
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• 2016

For the connections between modular units in modular buildings, the bolted joints with connector plates are used commonly. The strength of structure is determined by the weakest part of structure and the connections may be weaker than the members being joined. Therefore, to check the safety of modular building, the structural performance of connections between modular units as well as that of beam-to-column connections should be evaluated. In this study, the behavior of module to module connection with straight and cross shaped connector plates is investigated by lateral cyclic tests according to KBC2009 0722.2.4 which shall be conducted by controlling the story drift angle in the width and the longitudinal direction respectively. All of test results generally show the stable ductile behavior up to 0.04rad drift levels and the tests in longitudinal direction show a superior energy dissipation per cycle in each of the load steps. However, the straight shaped connector plates have the degradation of stiffness with cyclic loading and the larger drift angle of column than the cross shaped connector plates.

• Journal of the Korean Geophysical Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.377-386
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• 2006

There is an inseparable relation between human race and engineering work. As world developed into highly industrialized society, a diversity of large structures is being built up correspondently to limited topographical circumstance. Though large structures are national establishments which provide us with convenience of life, there are some disastrous possibilities which were never predicted such as ground subsidence and degradation. It is very difficult to analyze the volume of total metamorphosis with the relative displacement measurement system which is now used and it is impossible to know whether there is structural metamorphosis within a permissible range of design or not. In this research with an object of 13-year-old earthen dam, through generating point-cloud which has 3D spatial coordinates(x, y, z) of this dam by means of 3D Laser Scanning, we can get real configuration data of slanting surface of this dam with this method of getting a number of 3D spatial coordinates(x, y, z). It gives 3D spatial model to us and we can get various information of this dam such as the distance of slanting surface of dam, dimensions and cubic volume. It can be made full use of as important source material of reinforcement and maintenance works to detect previously the bulging of the dam through this research.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.150-156
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• 2017

This study examined the stress recovery length due to the local damage of a 7-wire strand, which is applied widely to PSC (Post Tensioned Concrete) bridges and cable-stayed bridges. The 7-wire strand is a multiple stranded steel of PC prestressing strand. Owing to the nature of the material, it is damaged continuously after completion with corrosion being the main cause of damage. On the other hand, due to its structural characteristics, it is difficult to grasp the degree of damage inside the cable and the pattern of stress variation. In the case of cables applied to bridges, the parts that are susceptible to corrosion are generated depending on the water supply and installation shape, which may cause local damage. This study analyzed the tendency of performance degradation and stress recovery length according to local damage of a 7-wire strand, which is applied mainly to bridge post-tensioning or stay cables. This study developed a computer-based simulation model that was validated with experimental results. The model developed in this study can be used to evaluate the safety level and estimate the remaining life span of P SC bridges or cable-stayed bridges.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.266-270
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• 2003

The $LiN_{0.8}Co_{0.2}O_2$ has shown outstanding electrochemical properties. The microstructure of $LiN_{0.8}Co_{0.2}O_2$ cathode was investigated by using TEM (transmission electron microscopy) and X-ray diffraction techniques. The $LiN_{0.8}Co_{0.2}O_2$ was produced by sol-gel method to synthesize fine particles less than $1{\mu}m$ in the average diameter. In this study, emphasis was given to the examination and interpretation of the microstructural change during charge-discharge cycling experiments, which appeared to be one of the main causes of early degradation of rechargeable batteries. Results showed that the $1{\mu}m$ cathode produced by sol-gel method had high reversible capacity and excellent cycling stability due to its homogeneous distribution of Ni and Co cations on u atomic scale. In particular, the $1{\mu}m$ cathode did not show severe strain induced structural defects or cubic spinel disordering during cycling experiments, which had been observed in the conventional $LiCoO_2$ cathode. The $LiNi_{0.8}Co_{0.2-x}M_x[M=Al]$ compounds show good reversibility but low discharge capacity.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

In this article, I will introduce recent developments of environmental-friendly materials fabricated using atomic layer deposition (ALD). Advantages of ALD include fine control of the thin film thickness and formation of a homogeneous thin fim on complex-structured three-dimensional substrates. Such advantages of ALD can be exploited for fabricating environmental-friendly materials. Porous membranes such as anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) can be used as a substrate for $TiO_2$ coating with a thickness of about 10 nm, and the $TiO_2$-coated AAO can be used as filter of volatile organic compound such as toluene. The unique structural property of AAO in combination with a high adsorption capacity of amorphous $TiO_2$ can be exploited in this case. $TiO_2$ can be also deposited on nanodiamonds and Ni powder, which can be used as photocatalyst for degradation of toluene, and $CO_2$ reforming of methane catalyst, respectively. One can produce structures, in which the substrates are only partially covered by $TiO_2$ domains, and these structures turns out to be catalytically more active than bare substrates, or complete core-shell structures. We show that the ALD can be widely used not only in the semiconductor industry, but also environmental science.