• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.213-232
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• 2019

This study evaluates the accuracy of four satellite-composite (OSTIA, AVHRR, G1SST, FNMONC-S) and three model-reanalysis (HYCOM, JCOPE2, FNMOC-M) daily sea surface temperature (SST) data around the Korean Peninsula (KP) using ocean buoy data from 2011-2016. The results reveal that OSTIA has the lowest root mean square error (RMSE; 0.68℃) and FNMOC-S/M has the highest correction coefficients (r = 0.993) compared with observations, while G1SST, JCOPE2, and AVHRR have relatively larger RMSEs and smaller correlations. The large RMSEs were found in the western coastal regions of the KP where water depth is shallow and tides are strong, such as Chilbaldo and Deokjeokdo, while low RMSEs were found in the East Sea and open oceans where water depth is relatively deep such as Donghae, Ulleungdo, and Marado. We found that the main sources of the large RMSEs, sometimes reaching up to 5℃, in SST data around the KP, can be attributed to rapid SST changes during events of strong tidal mixing, upwelling, and typhoon-induced mixing. The errors in the background SST fields which are used in data assimilations and satellite composites and the missing in-situ observations are also potential sources of large SST errors. These results suggest that both satellite and reanalysis SST data, which are believed to be true observation-based data, sometimes, can have significant inherent errors in specific regions around the KP and thus the use of such SST products should proceed with caution particularly when the aforementioned events occur.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.345-357
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• 2004

In the 1990s, four strong typhoons hit the Kyushu area of Japan and inflicted severe damage on power transmission facilities, houses, and so on. Maximum gust speeds exceeding 60 m/s were recorded in central Kyushu. Although the wind speeds were very high, the gust factors were over 2.0. No meteorological stations are located in mountainous areas, creating a deficiency of meteorological station data in the area where the towers were damaged. Since 1995 the authors have operated a network for wind measurement, NeWMeK, that measures wind speed and direction, covering these mountainous areas, segmenting the Kyushu area into high density arrays. Maximum gusts exceeding 70 m/s were measured at several NeWMeK sites when Typhoon Bart (1999) approached. The gust factors varied widely in southerly winds. The mean wind speeds increased due to effects of the local terrain, thus further increasing gust speeds.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.338-347
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• 2023

진해만은 태풍 내습 시 피항 선박이 폭주하고 강한 바람 등의 영향으로 주묘가 자주 발생하며 이에 따른 선박 간 충돌 및 좌초 등 해양사고 발생 개연성이 매우 높다. 본 연구에서는 우리나라 해역 특성에 맞는 진해만 정박지의 선박 간 안전이격거리 설정을 위한 연구를 수행하였다. 진해만 태풍 피항지에는 태풍 내습 시 평균 100 ~ 200여척의 선박이 정박을 하고 있으며 풍속이 25m/s 이상되는 강한 외력에서 전체 선박의 약 70%에 주묘가 발생하는 상황인 것으로 분석되었다. 본 연구에서는 국내외 설계기준 상 제시된 황천 시 정박 선박간 이격거리, 실제 피항지로서 사용된 진해만 피항선박 간 이격거리, 강한 외력에 따른 선박 표류 시 적정 안전거리 등을 분석하여 제시하였다. 그 결과 설계기준 상의 최소 기준과 비상조치 시간을 고려하여 약 400 ~ 900m의 안전이격거리가 필요하며, 공간상의 여유가 있는 경우에는 700 ~ 900m 이격거리 설정이 필요한 것으로 도출하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 진해만 피항지를 이용하는 선박에 대해 선박간 안전 이격거리를 위한 지침 수립 시 활용이 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.87-97
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• 2022

In this study, type analysis was conducted along with the advancement of basic data to calculate the maximum damage caused by strong winds during the typhoon period. The result of the damage by region showed that in 2012, the difference in damage was clearly distinguished as the region was classified in detail. In addition, the result of the annual damage in 2011 was strong on the west coast, and in 2016, the damage to the southeast coast was significant. In 2012, the 3-second gust was relatively stronger on the west and southeast coasts than in 2011, and the winds blew stronger along the southeast coast in 2016. Monthly damage data showed that the damage to the west coast was high in August, and the damage to the southeast coast was high in October from 2002 to 2019. The 3-second gust showed the result of wide expansion throughout the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula in October. As a result, the damage differs for type bacause the intensities and paths of typhoons vary depending on their characteristics, the 3-second gust blows differently by region based on regional characteristics, and the sale price is considered in metropolitan cities.

• 대기
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.283-301
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• 2014

In 2010, only 14 tropical cyclones (TCs) were generated over the western North Pacific (WNP), which was the smallest since 1951. This study summarizes characteristics of TCs generated in 2010 over the WNP and investigates the causes of the record-breaking TC genesis. A long-term variation of TC activity in the WNP and verification of official track forecast in 2010 are also examined. Monthly tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly data reveal that El Ni$\tilde{n}$o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event in 2010 was shifted from El Ni$\tilde{n}$o to La Ni$\tilde{n}$a in June and the La Ni$\tilde{n}$a event was strong and continued to the end of the year. We found that these tropical environments leaded to unfavorable conditions for TC formation at main TC development area prior to May and at tropics east of $140^{\circ}E$ during summer mostly due to low SST, weak convection, and strong vertical wind shear in those areas. The similar ENSO event (in shifting time and La Ni$\tilde{n}$a intensity) also occurred in 1998, which was the second smallest TC genesis year (16 TCs) since 1951. The common point of the two years suggests that the ENSO episode shifting from El Ni$\tilde{n}$o to strong La Ni$\tilde{n}$a in summer leads to extremely low TC genesis during La Ni$\tilde{n}$a although more samples are needed for confidence. In 2010, three TCs, DIANMU (1004), KOMPASU (1007) and MALOU (1009), influenced the Korean Peninsula (KP) in spite of low total TC genesis. These TCs were all generated at high latitude above $20^{\circ}N$ and arrived over the KP in short time. Among them, KOMPASU (1007) brought the most serious damage to the KP due to strong wind. For 14 TCs in 2010, mean official track forecast error of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) for 48 hours was 215 km, which was the highest among other foreign agencies although the errors are generally decreasing for last 10 years, suggesting that more efforts are needed to improve the forecast skill.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 1991

This paper aims to describe the relation between the weather condition, especially typhoon and a shipwreck in Korean waters. For this study, it was investigated the statistical characteristics of a shipwreck due to the weather, pressure patterns governing the shipwreck in Korean waters. and the relation between the intensity of typhoon and the amount of a disaster. The results are summarized as follows: 1) The monthly occurrence frequency of a shipwreck was the heighest in July followed by February, March in descending order. 2) The pressure patterns governing the shipwreck were classified broadly into six types and pressure pattern which had most occurrence frequency of a shipwreck was Type V and then cames Type I, Type III and type IV in that order. 3) Occurence frequency of a shipwreck and the amount of a kinetic energy of typhoon have nothing to do with each other. In case of Wind-Typhoon that brought more a strong wind than a heavy rainfall, there were seriously affected ships and buildings by the wind.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.385-396
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• 2014

최근 빈번하게 발생하는 태풍사상은 극심한 홍수 및 바람 재해를 유발 시키고 있다. 이러한 점에서 본 연구에서는 1951년부터 2012년까지 한반도에 내습한 총 197개의 태풍사상을 대상으로 태풍의 발생위치 및 태풍의 궤적을 기준으로 태풍을 범주화 할 수 있는 확률론적 클러스터링 기법을 개발하였다. 모의실험을 통하여 개발된 모형의 적합성을 확인할 수 있었으며, 태풍 경로에 적용이 가능한 방안으로 평가되었다. 1951년부터 2012년까지 한반도 내습한 197개의 태풍사상을 대상으로 확률론적 클러스터링 기법을 적용한 결과 한반도를 내습한 태풍사상은 총 7개의 클러스터로 분류되었으며, 대부분 위도 $10^{\circ}{\sim}20^{\circ}N$, 경도 $120^{\circ}{\sim}150^{\circ}E$ 해수면에서 발생하여 한반도를 향하여 진행하는 것으로 나타났다. 클러스터 B의 경우 약 25.4%의 발생빈도를 가지며, 전선의 방향도 한반도를 직접 향하고 있어 상대적으로 한반도에 영향이 가장 큰 클러스터로 분석되었으며 한반도 전체에 걸쳐서 강한 양(positive)의 강우량 Anomaly를 갖는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2005

Impacts of Typhoon Maemi on a soft-coral community located on subtidal cliff at Munseom, Jeju were investigated in this study using underwater photography. Typhoon Maemi hit Jeju Island in late September 2003 and its impact was strong enough to destruct most shallow water sessile benthos including soft corals. To estimate numbers and size of soft-coral colonies, a line transect was installed on the cliff at depth from 3 to 9 m and photographs were taken serially by every 1m. From each $1{\times}1m$ underwater photograph, species and size of soft-coral colony was determined. Number of soft-coral colony and its Percent coverage (PC) in each $1m^2$ quadrat was calculated. Soft corals Scleronephthya gracillium, Dendronephthya gigantea, D. spinulosa and D. castanea were identified from the photographs. Dendronephthya sp. was mainly distributed at 3-6m while S. gracillimum was mostly occurred at $6{sim}9m$. A survey conducted before the typhoon showed that number of the soft-coral colonies at $3{\sim}4m,\;4{\sim}5m,\;5{\sim}6m,\;6{\sim}7m,\;7{\sim}8m\;and\;8{\sim}9m$ was 17, 24, 20, 23, 18 and 30 $colonies/m^2$ or 21, 48, 36, 28, 24 and 43%, respectively. After the typhoon, number of soft-coral colonies in the transect increased, 31, 35, 21, 10, 21 and 50 $colonies/m^2$ while PC was remarkably decreased as 21, 23, 21, 5, 9 and 13%, respectively. Our data suggested that the impact was limited in larger colonies; larger soft coral colonies were selectively destroyed and removed while the small colonies underneath the larger colonies remained undestroyed.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1415-1425
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• 2017

태풍은 강한 바람과 폭우를 동반하며 매년 한반도에 인명과 재산피해의 원인이 된다. 국내에서 발생한 자연재해 피해에서 태풍이 차지하는 비중이 높다. 태풍의 많은 피해는 폭우에 의해 발생하므로 태풍이 일 최대강수량에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 일 최대강수량은 극치자료로 일반적으로 일반화극단치분포를 따른다. 연구자료로 1976년부터 2016년까지 한반도에 설치된 60개 종관기상관측장비에서 수집된 일강수량, 최대풍속, 평균풍속 자료가 사용되었다. 태풍이 온 기간을 제외한 일강우량 자료와 태풍이 온 기간을 포함한 일강우량 자료로 구분하여 일반화극단치모형에 적합시켰다. 모수추정방법으로 최우추정법과 L-적률추정법이 이용되었다. K-S검정과 $Cram{\acute{e}}r$ von Mises검정을 통해 모형의 적합도를 검정하였다. 추정된 모수를 기반으로 25년, 50년, 100년, 200년 재현수준을 계산하였다. 태풍기간 포함유무에 따른 재현수준을 비교한 결과 태풍은 강릉 인근의 동해안과 울산과 완도 인근의 남해안의 일 최대강수량에 영향을 미친다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.149-162
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• 2019

서해안 대조차 개방형 연안에서 2010년 태풍 곤파스 전후에 나타난 지형, 표층 퇴적물, 퇴적상 변화에 대해 연구하였다. 소형의 강한 태풍인 곤파스는 2010년 9월 1일과 2일 사이에 한반도 남서부 해안에 상륙하여 내륙을 관통했다. 태풍 전후에 고창 동호리 조간대의 측선을 따라 30 m 간격으로 22개 지점에서 지형을 측량하고 표층 퇴적물을 채취하였다. 연구 지역을 평균고조면, 평균해수면, 평균저조면을 기준으로 고조대, 중조대, 저조대로 구분하였다. 태풍 전후의 지형 변화는 고조대에서 평균 0.03 m 퇴적, 중조대에서 평균 -0.15 m 침식, 저조대에서 평균 -0.39 m 침식으로 나타났다. 조간대의 태풍 전후 표층 퇴적물은 주로 세립사와 중립사로 구성되며, 세립사의 비율이 가장 높게 나타났다. 태풍 후 표층 퇴적물은 태풍 전에 비해 평균입도가 세립해졌고, 양호한 분급을 보였다.