• 대한수의학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2012

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most concerns in pig industry. Escherichia (E.) coli have been used for the indicator to monitor the antimicrobial resistance. In this study, 321 E. coli from diarrheic and non-diarrheic piglets were tested for antimicrobial resistance and frequency of $Bla_{TEM}$. In non-diarrheic piglets, they were resistant to oxytetracycline (93%), streptomycin (92%) and sulfadiazine (90%) but susceptible to ceftiofur (99%), colistin (97%), and enrofloxacin (82%). The isolates from diarrheic piglets were resistant to enrofloxacin (72.9%), ceftiofur (17.6%), and colistin (11.3%), whereas the resistance was 1%, 18% and 3% in case of non-diarrheic piglets, respectively. The resistance for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (54.1%) and ceftiofur (22%) was high in isolates from post-weaning piglets. The resistance for colistin was 15.2% in nursery piglets. Seventy-three percent of isolates from diarrheic piglets showed high multidrug resistance profile (more than 13 antimicrobials) compared to those from non-diarrheic pigs in which 71% of isolates showed moderate multidrug resistance profile (7 to 12 antimicrobials). The frequency of $Bla_{TEM}$ in E. coli from non-diarrheic and diarrheic piglets was 57% and 69%, respectively. The results might provide the basic knowledge to establish the strategies for treatment and reduce antibiotic resistance of E. coli in piglets.

• 약학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.54-63
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• 1990

These studies were made to assess the present stage of resistance of Shigella species to antibiotics and to find characteristics of R-plasmid of these bacteria. From 1986 to 1988, 125 strains of Shigella species were isolated from patients specimens collected in Chung Cheong-do Hospital, Kyunghee Medical Center, city an provincial health & environmental institutes. These specimens were tested for resistance to 12 kinds of antimicrobial agents by agar dilution method. Using Muller-Hinton agar for the assay of drug resistance and Trypticane Soy Broth as propagating medium for conjugation. All the strains (100%) were resistant to one or more antibiotics. Drug resistance patterns of isolated strains were found as the highest resistance to ampicillin (98%) in 1986, to tetracycline (98%) in 1987, to tetracycline (100%) in 1988, all strains were sensitive to gentamicin, amikacin, tobramycin. Chronologically, resistance decreased gradually as it was shown in relation to kanamycin, rifampicin in 1986, 1987 and 1988, (4%, 2%) (4%, 2%) (0%, 0%) respectively. But, resistance was increased year by year as it was shown in relation to tetracycline, nalidixic acid, streptomycin in 1986, 1987, 1988 (89%, 19%, 45%) (98%, 46%, 71%) and (100%, 58%, 88%). The resistance in correlation to more than 5 drugs, which was 13 strains among 47 strains in 1986, 38 strains among 87 strains in 1987, 23 strains among 26 strains in 1988, was increased gradually. In the transfer test of drug resistance by conjugation methods, the rate which was 3 strains (50%) in 1986, 8 strains (62%) in 1987, 3 strains (100%) in 1988, was increased gradually. When the donor strains were conjugated with the recipient strains, the conjugation rate was high in the multiple resistant strains. The relationships of transferring patterns of drug resistance and molecular weight of R-plasmid were variable. However, only a plasmid which has more than 35 Mgd was transferred.

• 약학회지
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.33-36
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• 2008

Staphylococcus aureus KH13 and Staphylococcus aureus KH28 were resistant to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, tobramycin, and norfloxacin. A plasmid (pKH13) and two plasmids (pKH14, pKH15) were isolated from Staphylococcus aureus KH13 and Staphylococcus aureus KH28, respectively and complete nucleotide sequences of three plasmids were determined. It was found that pKH13 and pKH15 mediated chloramphenicol resistance and pKH14 was a cryptic plasmid.

• 약학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.621-624
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• 1993

The clirical isolate Staphylococcus aureus SA2 had four kinds of plasmids and was resistant to ampicillin, chloroamphenicol, clindamycin. erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, methicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline and tobramycin. Transformation experiment demonstrated that 4.14kb plasmid(pKH7) encoded resistance to chloramphenicol. The cleavage map of pKH7 was determined by restriction enzyme mapping techniques. The cleavage map is given for BstEll, Hindlll, Hpall, and Xbal. The above restriction endonucleases have a single site, but nucleases BamHl, Bgll, BglII, EcoRl, EcoRV, HaeIII, Hpal, Kpnl, Pstl, PvnII, Sall, Smal, and XhoI have no site on this plasmid.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.95-103
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• 2003

Isolates of 70 Proteus mirabilis were tested against 10 different antibiotics by a disc diffusion method as recommended by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS). The isolates were resistant in order of tetracycline(100.0%), enrofloxacin(95.7%), ampicillin(74.3%), choramphenicol(62.9%), cephalothin(58.6%), streptomycin(50%), kanamycin(47.2%), neomycin(35.8%), gentamicin(15.7%), and amikacin(2.9%). In the antibiotic resistant patterns, 37 kinds of multiple resistance patterns of P mirabilis isolates were detected. The highest resistant pattern was ampicillin-cephalothin-chloramphenicol-enrofloxacin-tetracycline(11.6%).

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.5-8
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• 1977

One hundred and fifty seven Escherichia coli strains isolated from 18 cattle (9 dairy cattle received penicillin, streptomycin (SM) or sulfadimethoxine for treatment of diseases and 9 Korean native cattle not received antibiotics) were studied for the drug resistance and distribution of R factors. Of 88 E. coli strains isolated from cattle not received antibiotics, only 1 strain was resistant to SM, but about 46 per cent of 69 E. coli strains isolated from cattle received antibiotics were resistant to SM, tetracycline (TC), ampicillin (AP), kanamycin (KM), chloramphenicol (CM), and sulfisomidine (Su), alone or in combination thereof. Of resistant strains, about 72% were resistant to three or more antibiotics, but 28% were found to singly resistant. The most frequent resistant pattern was triple resistance to AP, KM and Su (37.6%), and quadruple one to SM, TC, CM and Su (12.5%). About 28% of resistant strains carried R factors which were transferable to E. coli ML 1410 $NA^r$ by conjugation.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.283-289
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• 2004

2002년 1월부터 12월까지 매월 전북 군산시 인근에 위치한 금강호를 대상으로 항생제 내성균의 월별분포변화와 조사기간 중 분리된 균주를 동정하였다. 종속영양세균의 연중 분포는 4.1±1.0 × 10²- 6.7±1.1×10³ cfu mL/sup -1/의 범주에서 변화하였다. 항생제 내성균의 년중 분포는 ampicillin 내성균의 경우, 1.5±0.7×10-4.3±0.3×10³ cfu mL/sup -l/, chloramphenicol 내성균의 경우, 0-6.4 ±0.4 ×10² cfu mL/sup -1/, gentamicin내성균의 경우, 0-2.8±0.3×10³ cfu mL/sup -1/, kanamycin내성균의 경우, 0-4.5±1.0×10³ cfu mL/sup -1/, 그리고 streptomycin 내성균은 1.0±0.4×10-2.3±0.5×10³ cfu mL/sup -1/의 범주에서 변화하였다. 조사된 항생제 내성균들 중 ampicllin 내성균이 모든 정점에서 가장 높은 균체수를 나타냈다 조사기간 중 60균주의 항생제 내성균이 분리되었으며, 그 중 그람양성 세균은 6균주, 그람음성세균은 54균주를 차지하였다. 항생제 내성균으로 분리된 균주는 Pseudomonas 속, Aeromonas 속, 그리고 Bacillus 속과 Stenotrophomonas 속 등이 우점으로 나타났으며, 이외에도 Enterobacter 속, Sphingobium 속, Variovorax 속, 그리고 Serratia 속, Acinetobacter 속, Mycoplana 속, Psychrobacter 속과 , Xanthomonas 속 등이 포함되었다. 동정된 균들은 ampicillin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, gentamicin 순으로 높은 내성을 나타났다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.275-285
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• 2008

Antimicrobial drugs are widely used in poultry industry as growth promoters or to control infectious diseases. However, this practice is reported to have caused high resistance to antimicrobial drugs in normal chicken flora and pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance to Escherichia coli (E. coli) from chicken has been mainly reported in normal flora, but rare in pathogenic organism in Korea, recently. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate prevalence of antimicrobials resistance, transfer of R plasmid, and association between antimicrobial drug resistance and O serotype of 203 pathogenic E. coli from poultry in Korea during the period from April 2003 to December 2005. These isolates showed a high resistance to tetracycline (Tc, 93.6%), nalidixic acid (Na, 92.6%), streptomycin (Sm, 81.8%), ampicillin (Ap, 77.3%), ciprofloxacin (Ci, 70.9%), sulfisoxazole (Su, 66.5%), and trimethoprim (Tp, 58.1%). Two hundred-one (99.0%) of the isolates were resistant to one or more drugs. They showed 57 different resistant patterns, and the most prevalent resistant pattern among them was Tc, Sin, Su, Ap, Tp, Ci, Na. Sixty-eight (33.8%) of the isolates transferred all or a part of their antimicrobial resistant pattern to the recipient strain by R plasmid. The most common antimicrobial resistant pattern was Tc, Sm, Su, Ap, Tp, Ci, Na in serotype O78, O88 and O15, respectively. These results exhibit high individual and multiple resistance to antimicrobials of pathogenic E. coli from poultry in Korea. They also suggest the needs for surveillance to monitor antimicrobial resistance in pathogenic bacteria that can be potentially transmitted to humans from food animals and to regulate the abuse of antimicrobials on food-producing animals in Korea.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the antimicrobial resistance pattern and distribution of resistance gene in 44 Enterobacteriaceae and 21 Pseudomonas (P) aeruginosa isolated from hospitalized dogs and cats in animal hospital from 2010 to 2011 in Daegu. Among Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia (E) coli was highly resistant to ampicillin (56.7%), followed by tetracycline (53.3%), cephalothin, streptomycine, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, gentamicin and norfloxacin (40.0~43.3%). The remaining isolates of Enterobacteriaceae had high resistance to ampicillin (64.3%) and streptomycin (42.9%). Whereas, P. aeruginosa was low resistant to all antimicrobials tested (less than 15%). int I 1 gene was detected in 20 (57.1%) of 35 antimicrobial resistant Enterobacteriaceae and 2 (9.5%) of 21 P. aeruginosa., but int I 2 gene was not detected in all isolates. The eight resistance genes were found either alone or combination with other gene (s): $bla_{TEM}$, aadA, strA-strB, clmA, tetA, tetB, sul I and sul II. About 78% of integron-positive isolates were resistance to more than four antimicrobial agents. The findings suggest that class I integrons are widely distributed in E. coli among Enterobacteriaceae from dogs and cats and multi-drug resistance related to the presence of class I integrons. The prudent use of antimicrobials and continuous monitoring for companion animals are required.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate antibiotic resistance among Salmonella Typhimurium isolates from diseased pigs in Gyeongbuk province during the period 1998~2011. One hundred forty one isolates were tested for antibiotic resistance using the standard disk diffusion method and were examined for presence of resistance gene by PCR method. S. Typhimurium showed high drug resistance rates to tetracycline (95.7%), streptomycin (93.6%), ampicillin (86.5%), cephalothin (80.1%), gentamicin (79.4%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (72.3%). Resistance gene, blaTEM, blaPSE1, tetA, tetB, tetG, sul1, sul2, aadA, strA, grm, and temA were detected among the antibiotic resistance isolates and temB, tetC, aadB gene were not detected. One hundred twenty one (89.6%) tetA, two (1.5%) tetB and one (0.7%) tetG gene were detected in the 135 tetracycline resistant isolates. Two (1.6%) temA gene were detected in one hundred twenty two ampicillin resistance isolates and temB was not detected.