• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.89-99
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• 2020

This study was conducted as a basic research to create a sound and vital ecological environment in the city compared to the appearance characteristics of Gap stream(G-stream), which are the main stream of Banseok stream(B-stream), by analyzing the characteristics of waterbirds, including Wild Spot-billed Duck (S-Duck), that live in B-stream built as ecological stream. The waterbird survey was conducted by the line census for 3.2km, Jukdong-bridge to Jamiseon-bridge, from January to August 2018. The analysis of the survey was conducted with Relative species density(RD) of the emerging waterbird species, the Species diversity and Density Per Unit area for 100㎡(DPU). The waterbird survey results of B-stream was conducted 65 times. The five types of water birds that appeared during the survey were Spot-billed Duck(Anas poecilorhyncha), Teal(Anas crecca), Little Egret(Egretta garzetta), Great Egret(Egretta alba), and Grey Heron(Ardea cinerea). As a result, for S-Duck at B-stream, RD was 89.9%, monthly species diversity was simple as 0.3801 in January, 0.5943 in February and 0.3501 in August. The DPU of the S-Duck was 0.165/100㎡ in the B-Stream survey section which was 4.9 times higher than the main stream section, G-stream. The non-freezing zone of the city's small stream is expected to play an important role as a winter stop for wild birds such as S-Duck during the freezing period of the huge stream. For this reason, considering the ecological characteristics of wild waterbirds such as S-Duck when creating ecological stream, a: space and linear selection of waterways which can minimize the impact of natural enemy and increasing the number of walkers, b: management water-friendly plants in the low flow channel, c: arrangement walking-bicycle road will be necessary.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.375-380
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• 2023

The study was conducted in Manu-stream, located in Paju, Gyeonggi-do, from January 2021 to December 2021. The survey points were selected in the upper and lower streams based on where thermal discharged to investigate water temperature and fish species and biological community analysis and growth rate were analyzed. The average annual water temperature difference between the upper and lower stream is about 11.0℃, and in the case of the lower stream area, the water temperature is maintained at 20.0℃ or more per year. Fish that appeared during the survey period decreased lower stream compared to the upper stream, which is believed to be the result of a decrease in temperature-sensitive species as the simple riverbed structure and water temperature increased compared to the upper stream. As a result of biological community analysis, it showed a relatively stable community state at the upper stream. The growth rate of fish has a high regression coefficient b value in lower streams throughout the four seasons. It showed relatively good growth lower stream, with a high water temperature. However, the results of each survey point are similar from season to season. The indicator species is a resistant intermediate species, and the range of resistance to water temperature is wide, so it is judged that water temperature's effect on the indicator species' growth is low.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.133-144
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• 2010

The objective of this planning proposal is to rehabilitate the urban stream which has been ecologically disturbed in the urban process. The experimental stream, Su-am stream located in Anyang City is typical urban stream in adjacent land use and the spatial condition. The stream in the watershed context, is the second tributary of Han River, in the Anyangcheon watershed. The Characteristics of the stream reach were analyzed by the river corridor survey. In the conceptual phase, Rehabilitation Programs were established based on the hydrological, ecological and spatial characteristics of the stream. Spatial zoning concept according to the characteristics of the stream and adjacent land use, was suggested 4 types of zoning; ecological preservation zone, natural landscape zone, neighborhood water-friendly zone and CBD water-friendly zone. Implementation Practices can be summarized as follow: For The longitudinal river continuum, some In-stream practices were suggested and implemented; such as channel alignment, step & pool, pool & riffle and low-flow channel bank. For latitudinal continuum and intimate spatial relationship between Sam-duk Park & Su-am stream, gentle sloped bank was planned and implemented. After stream improvement & ecological Implementation, follow-up monitoring and adaptive management programs will be a meaningful process for ecological rehabilitation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.68-73
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• 2005

The purpose of this study are to insure flow rate for rural stream in the rural area. The analysis of drying stream characteristics for two streams(Bong-mu, Wang-jang stream) from field survey data. Also, a study area has been determined, and criteria of estimation has been established : criteria such as, available hydrological data, the size of stream lengths and basin areas and regional characteristics. The spacial analysis is applied to stream slopes for upstream and downstream at weirs, stream networks and ground water pump stations, sinuosity of drying stream. As a result of drying streams survey analysis, drying stream characteristics are followed; levee types are earth and natural, cross sectional shapes are trapezoid, stream bed materials are gravels and sands, facilities in streams are weirs. The cause of the reduction analyzed by investigation of the current status of facilities for agricultural water use. Agricultural reservoirs block up the stream and water does not flow over the reservoirs except by storm. They also discharge water through diversion channels and the water diverted does not flow through the natural stream. Farmers directly take water from the stream by weirs.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.19 no.3 s.53
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• pp.40-51
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• 2004

Community structure of benthic macroinvertebrates in the water system of Anyang Stream was analyzed from August, 2002 to April, 2003. Species number of benthic macroinvertebrates was 78 species, 33 families, 11 orders, 5 classes in 3 phyla. They were collected 49 species at 1st survey, 51 species at End survey and 53 species at 3rd survey, respectively. Species numbers at each tributary were 43 species at the Wanggok Stream, 44 species at the Mokgam Stream, 33 species at the Ohjeon Stream and 26 species at the Hakeu Stream, while it was only 9 species at the Dangjeong Stream. Species number of the main course of Anyang Stream was 24 species. Dominant species of benthic macroinvertebrates at the Wanggok, Ohjeon and Hakeu Stream were Baetis fuscatus, Alainites muticus, Physa acuta and chironominae sp. They were mainly intermediate and tolerant species. Dominant species and subdominant species of the Dangjeong Stream were Limnodrilus socialis, Psychoda KUa and Telmatoscopus KUa as indicator species for severe sewage pollution. Dominant species at Geumjeong-dong and KUa bridge in the main course of Anyang Stream were Physa acuta, Limodrilus gotoi, Chironominae sp., Species diversity indices at the Mokgam Stream were $high(3.53\~4.28\;range)$ and those of the Hakeu, Wanggok and Ohjeon Stream were some what high$(2.00\~3.13\;and\;2.34\~3.10\;range)$. But, species diversity indices in the Dangjeon Stream were low$(1.36\~1.70\;range)$ too. and those of the main course of Anyang Stream were low$(0.86\~1.79\;range)$ too. Species richness indices in the Wanggok and Mokgam Stream were very high$(3.55\~4.02\;and\;2.96\~5.31\;range)$ and those of Geumjeong-dong and Kia bridge in the main course of Anyang Stream were low$(0.89\~1.98\;range)$. Stream bed and riparian bank of middle reach in the Wanggok Stream were good condition and water was clean. The Mokgam Stream had various microhabitats, good water weed area, hetero geneous substrates and etc.. And, stream bed in the Hakeu Stream was in good condition. So, above streams should be continuously in good ecological condition and useful area for citizens.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.100-103
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• 1998

A survey on the incidence of metacercariae infection of Clonorchis sinensis in the fresh water fish, Pseudorasbora parva which is well known as the second intermediate host for this fluke was carried out in the upper stream of Phoung-tack stream, Kyungki province during the period of October to November 1997. Forty fish in P. parva were collected by netting, or using the bait in transparent bowls from the two different districts located in Osung-myun, Phoungtack-gun and transported to the laboratory. The body length and weight were measured. They were from 5.0 to 7.6 cm in length and 1.0 to 5.0 g in weight. A total of 40 P. parva were divided 3 groups by the size (70-79, 60-69 and 50-59 mm) and were digested by artificial digestion with pepsin-Hcl solution in a 36$\circ$C incubator and then examined the infection density of metacercariae of the fresh water fish under a binocular dissecting microscope. The incidence of metacercariae infection in P. parva was 406 of 40 examined and the metacercariae detection rate showed 77.5%. The average number of metacercariae detected in P. parva was 10.2. The results of the survey indicate that Clonorchis sinensis infection may occur by consuming raw fresh water fish caught from the upper stream of Phoungtackho, Kyungki province.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.39-48
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• 2004

In the 1960s, polluted urban streams were covered and paved in concrete. Rivers became sewers buried under road. As a result, wildlife habitat was lost and the open stream space was gone. In the 1990s, there was a movement for restoring urban streams to enhance the quality of life of inhabitants. Chungkye Stream, whose covering began from early 1950s and ended in 1977, is now in the process of restoration together with the Central Business District (CBD) Redevelopment Plan. However, as the construction proceeds, several problems were raised, and serious controversies resulted. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the validity of the approach of the Chungkye Stream Restoration Project through a literature survey and a site survey, and to present the improved alternative. Ultimately, the study aims to contribute to present references or guidelines for similar urban stream restoration projects. The Chungkye Stream Restoration Project has some of the following problems. First, the construction should be done based on the long-term urban redevelopment plan. Second, the construction period should be extended to restore urban streams. Third, the cultural asset conservation plan should be implemented. In order to fulfill the anticipated purpose, the above mentioned problems need to be solved.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 1997

The aquatic animals of Tan stream were composed of 46 species, 28 families, 11 orders, 6 classes in 4 phyla during the survey period of April, 1996 to December, 1996. They were composed of 31 species in aquatic insecta, 6 species in annelida, 3 species in mollusca, 1 species in crustacea, and 5 species in fishes, respectively. Major dominant species in Tan stream were Chironomidae sp.1, Chironomidae sp.2, Chironomidae sp.3, Tubufucidae sp.1, Physa acuta and hirudo niponica. Dominance indices of benthic macroinvertebrates ranged highly from 95.74 to 100.00% at lower stream(site 4), but ranged 50.00 to 95.85% at site 1 through site 3. The aquatic animals ranged from 25 to 32 species at site 1 through site 3, but they were only 3 species at site 4 for survey period. Tan stream in the light of urban stream ecosystem has a little less riffle areas and hydrophyte areas by cementation of riparian area and channel type of water course. Therefore, the species of aquatic animals in Tan stream decreased because of deterioration of water quality according to reduction of self-purifcation ability and loss of microhabitat according to reduction of hydrophyte areas and riparian areas. The tendency of decreasing species of aquatic animals appeared seriously at lower stream From drive licence test authority at Kangnam-ku, Seoul to conjunction point of the Han river.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.347-352
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• 2010

There is a lack of survey standard for cross-to-nature small stream. In this research, we analyzed cross sectional survey data of Sanggachun stream, calculated variant quantity of soil, and suggested a survey interval. Descriptive analysis of cross sectional survey data shows the trend of stabilization; mean interval of survey is 14.91m(min: 7.0m, max: 39m), mean cross sectional variances are $0.82m^2$(min: $-3.80m^2$, max: $8.11m^2$) in 2004, $0.24m^2$ (min: $-5.25m^2$, max: $8.55m^2$) in 2005. Calculating results of variance quantity based on data of 65 cross sections show similar trends in 15m, 30m, 45m, 60m but different with results of 75m, 90m with Post-Hoc Test in statistical verification. We suggested standard cross sectional survey length of cross section for natural style small stream as 50m based on fitting results of standard variation of erosion and cumulation quantity by survey interval.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.680-688
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• 2011

This study was performed to find out the distribution aspect of benthic macroinvertebrates according to altitude in a mountain stream (a main stream: Buk stream, a tributary: Hangye stream) of Seoraksan. The survey was conducted from August to November in 2010. All survey sites were very sound because the mountain was being maintained as a protection area of the national park. Water quality and the composition of substrata were similar in all sites. Benthic macroinvertebrates of 3 phyla, 4 classes, 9 orders and 84 species occurred in the stream. Along with the decline of altitude, shredders of the functional feeding groups (FFGs) decreased, while collector filterers increased. In particular, collector filterers increased sharply at the altitude of 600 ~ 500 m (S.E.L.). Benthic macroinvertebrates showed low similarity between the uppermost site and the lower sites. Altitude appeared to be a significant factor that influence the structure and distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate community.