• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.161-171
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• 2022

Background: Epilobium hirsutum L. is designated as an endangered plant in South Korea located in Asia, due to the destruction of its habitats through the development of wetlands. Therefore, in this study, in order to find a light condition suitable for the growth and ecophysiological responses of Epilobium hirsutum L., those of this plant under treatment with various light qualities in a smart farm were measured. Results: In order to examine the changes in the physiological and growth responses of Epilobium hirsutum L. according to the light qualities, the treatment with light qualities of the smart farm was carried out using the red light: blue light irradiation time ratios of 1:1, 1:1/2, and 1:1/5 and a red light: blue light: white light irradiation time ratio of 1:1:1. As a result, the ecophysiological responses (difference between leaf temperature and atmospheric temperature, transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO₂ partial pressure, photosynthetic quantum efficiency) to light qualities appeared differently according to the treatments with light qualities. The increase in the blue light ratio increased the difference between the leaf temperature and the atmospheric temperature and the photosynthetic quantum efficiency and decreased the transpiration rate and the intercellular CO₂ partial pressure. On the other hand, the white light treatment increased the transpiration rate and intercellular CO₂ partial pressure and decreased the temperature difference between the leaf temperature and the ambient temperature and photosynthetic quantum efficiency. Conclusions: The light condition suitable for the propagation by the stolons, which are the propagules of Epilobium hirsutum L., in the smart farm, is red, blue and white mixed light with high net photosynthetic rates and low difference between leaf temperature and atmospheric temperature.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 2023

The RGB (red, green, and blue) imagery analysis is an important remote sensing tool, which estimates the effect of environmental stress on turfgrass growth and physiology. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of continuous wear stress treatment on Zoysia japonica through RGB imagery analysis. The results of the growth measurement showed that the plant height substantially decreased, after nine hours of treatment with no considerable difference thereafter. Dry weight measurement showed a substantial difference in the morphological growth characteristics of the aerial part of the turfgrass, but none in the stolon and root zone. This could be attributed to the short period of compaction treatment. The ROS (reactive oxygen species) analysis showed that ROS rapidly increased due to wear stress treatment. The MDA content increased during the traffic process, whereas the green pixels increased and decreased repeatedly; however, overall, the trend declined but the overall trend decreased. Thus, this study confirmed that MDA was effective in reflecting the wear stress of turfgrass; however, it could through RGB image analysis.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.334-341
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• 2000

To develop a nutrient solution for a closed hydroponic system in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) 'Atlantic' and 'Superior' potatoes were grown with the nutrient solutions whose strengths were 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 of the concentration of the nutrient solution developed by the National Horticultural Experiment Station in Japan. The best results in potato growth and yield were obtained with 0.5 and 1.0 strength nutrient solutions, and nutrient compositions for potato were determined based on the 1.0 strength nutrient solution; $14.4me{\cdot}L^{-1}\;N,\;4.2me{\cdot}L^{-1}\;P,\;7.5me{\cdot}L^{-1}\;K,\;5.5me{\cdot}L^{-1}\;Ca$, and $3.5me{\cdot}L^{-1}\;Mg$ for stolon growth stage and $14.8me{\cdot}L^{-1}\;N,\;4.0me{\cdot}L^{-1}\;P,\;8.5me{\cdot}L^{-1}\;K,\;6.5me{\cdot}L^{-1}\;Ca$, and $3.0me{\cdot}L^{-1}\;Mg$ for tuber growth stage. To examine the suitability of the nutrient solutions developed for potato, the strengths of 1.0 (PS 1.0S), 0.75 (PS 0.75S), or 0.5 (PS 0.5S) were compared with half-strength of Japanese Horticultural Experiment Station' solution (JH 0.5S). Changes in pH, EC, and mineral concentrations in nutrient solutions depended more on solution strength and growth stage than on the type of nutrient solution. However, most elements in solution remained constant with plant age in PS 0.75S solution during stolon growth stage, and in PS 0.5S solution during tuber growth stage. The greatest growth and tuber yield was obtained in the standard strength solution (PS 1.0S), and potato solution developed in this experiment was recommended for hydroponic culture of potato in a closed system.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.16-27
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• 1992

To determine a potential of new sludge fertilizer for horticultural crops, comparative studies between commercial fertilizers (Jandibiryo and Wonyebokbi) and sludge fertilizer (Sludgebiryo) were made through examining the growth responses on zoysiagrass (Zoysia japponica Steud.) and several horticultural plants. 1. The pH of new sludge fertilizer remained near 6.5 regardless the particle size. The solubility of elements was highest in phosphorus, followed by nitrogen and potassium in the order. Especially, desorption of potassium was continued up to 48 hrs after solubilization. 2. There was an increase in shoot number per plant, length of stolon and rhizome, and root weight as well as clipping yield of zoysiagrass in the treatment of large size Sludgebiryo compared to small one and Jandibiryo. 3. Regardless the size of fertilizers, Sludgebiryo increased flower numbers in salvia (Salvia officinalis L. 'Hatzazz') compared to Wonyebokbi, although the difference was not great, However, leaf area and fresh weight of plant were more increased in Wonyebokbi application. 4. Flower diameter of marigold (Tagetes erecta L. 'Inca') was slightly increased in Sludgebiryo application, but the average number of lateral shoots and fresh weight per plant were significantly increased in the treatment of Wonyebokbi application. 5. Sludgebiryo effectively increased the length of both main and lateral shoots, number of flowers and weight of shoot in vinca (Vinca rosea L. 'Little Linde'), but root growth of plant was higher in Wonyebokbi application. 6, No differences between Wonyebokbi and Sludgebiryo were found in promoting the growth of leaves of perilla (Perilla frutescens Hara 'Yubsil' ), but chlorophyll content and seed weight were slightly higher in the application of Wonyebokbi compared to Sludgebiryo. In conclusion, the effectiveness of Sludgebiryo for horticultural plants was almost equal to commercial fertilizers such as Jandibiryo or Wonyebokbi. Expecially, Sludgebiryo appeared to effective on the growth of zoysiagrass, and the increase of flower size and numbers in flower crops. Results indicate that new-made Sludgebiryo can be recommended for turfgrass culture, and the flower crops in which quality depends on flower number and flower size.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the morphological and soil characteristics of Zoysia spp. native to South Korea. Samples [41 ecotypes of Zoysia japonica, 28 ecotypes of natural hybride between Z. japonica and Z. sinica (Junggi), 22 ecotypes of Z. sinica, and 8 ecotypes of Z. matrella] were collected in seashores, levee and summit of the rock in southern Korea. Variations in leaf width, plant height, leaf angle, length of leaf sheath, leaf trichome, stolon length, and seed shape were measured at collection sites and experimental plots. Among the entries, most of the measurements did not show any significant differences between natural and experimental plot except for leaf angle of Z. sinica and the number of seeds per spike of Z. matrella, which might be caused by different environmental conditions. Soil pH was 6.0 at the most of the collection sites. $Mg^+$ was 0.06-0.02 $cmol{_c}^+kg^{-1}$, $Mg^{2+}$ was 0.09-0.03 $cmol{_c}^+kg^{-1}$, and $K^+$ was 0.02-0.007 $cmol{_c}^+kg^{-1}$ at most zoysiagrasses growing soils.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.173-182
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• 1998

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of plant growth inhibitors on "Penncross" creeping bentgrass in the green of golf course for increasing the summer quality. Chlormequat chloride (C) 250$\times$, 500$\times$, 1000$\times$, daminozide (D) 50$\times$, 100$\times$, 200$\times$, paclobutralzol (P) 1000$\times$, 2000$\times$, 4000$\times$, trinexpac-ethyl (T) 1000$\times$, 2000$\times$, 4000$\times$, uniconazole (U) 25$\times$, 50$\times$, 100$\times$ with three concentrations, respectively, were applied to creeping bentgrass. The leaf length, leaf width, and internode length of stolon were inhibited by all plant growth retardants applied as compared to that of control in which D-50, T-2000, and trinexpac-ethyl were the most effective among treatments on the inhibition of leaf length and internode length of stolen, respectively. Leaf thickness increased more in the treatments of C-250, D-50. T-2000 and T-4000 than any other treatments. On the other hand, shoot density which was represented by number of leaves per unit area was found to be the highest in P-2000 and P-4000 treatment. In this case, all plant growth retardants with no significant differences showed increase of 15-20% in density as compared to control. Total dry weight increment was higher in P-2000 and P-4000 while leaf dry weight increment was higher in T-4000. and U-25 and 50 than other treatments. According to the visual evaluation for the purpose of turf quality measurement, it was found that paclo-butralzol, trinexpac-ethyl and uniconazole were not suitable for green maintenance and extension because of making leaves to yellow. In conclusion, it was postulated that C-250, D-50, and T-4000 had possibility to use practically in the green area of golf course.lf course.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.247-257
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• 2018

This study was conducted to find out the optimum silicate fertilization for improving the quality and density of zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.), the growth of zoysiagrass and changes in chemical properties of soil in field experiments treated with different levels of silicate fertilizer during 3 years from 2012 to 2014. An increase in the silicate fertilizer from 100, 200, to $400kg\;10a^{-1}$ led to a significant increase in the fresh and dry weight of shoots and stolons, the number of shoots and length of stolon, but were not significantly different between 200 and $400kg\;10a^{-1}$. Moreover, soil pH, EC and the contents of available $SiO_2$ were increased as the rate of silicate fertilizer application increased. Thus, these results demonstrated that the silicate fertilizer rate for maximum growth of zoysiagrass was $200kg\;10a^{-1}$ in consideration of improving growth of zoysiagrass and the chemical property of the soil.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.480-485
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• 2010

This study reports on the morphological characteristics and distribution for conservation and practical use in the Korean Peninsula of Chrysosplenium flaviflorum through a comparison with relative species. The morphological characters that were newly investigated in this study included subhypogaeus stolons and glabrous on the surface of leaves. The former has not been described by any taxonomist who had previously treated this species with the exclusion of Hara. Despite this, the latter is a very important key to using the identification of varieties of Ser. Pilosa though there were no descriptions which included Ohwi. C. flaviflorum Ohwi which was endemic and known to be distributed only in the northern area of the Korean Peninsula, was also observed in the Gapyeong-gun, Gyeonggi-do, Cheorwon-gun, Gangwon-do, and Yeongdonggun, Chungcheongbuk-do middle area since the latest collection report in 1943. There is a requirement for further study to be conducted on the distribution and management by designation for the Special Plant Species by the Korean Ministry of Environment.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the morphological characteristics and growth rates of 101 medium-leaf type zoysiagrasses (Zoysia spp.) collected at the major sod production area (Jang Seong Gun) in South Korea. Collected lines with distinctive morphology and visual growth rate were planted in plastic pots and measured morphological characteristics under the plastic house conditions. Variation of leaf width, plant height, leaf angle, length of leaf sheath, trichome, stolon length, and color were measured. Six lines were selected by evaluating growth rates from one hundred one collected lines. Eight standard cultivars and three other superior lines previously collected were compared to 7 selected lines form Jang seong area by checking growth rates and morphological characteristics. Average leaf blade width was 3.4 mm, leaf angle was 45.8 degree, plant height was 21.6 cm, height of lowest leaf was 5.0 cm, and length of leaf blade was 14.1 cm. Ground cover rates of selected lines 'CY6097' and 'CY6069' were 70% and 68.3%, respectively. These are believed to be faster than 60% ground cover rate of zoysiagrass 'Anyang', and also, twice as faster than the 31.7% ground cover rate of Z. matrella. Selected line 'CY6069' showed fast growth rate with shorter internode length (5.1 cm) compared to zoysiagrass 'Anyang'. Based on the results of this study, we could select useful fast growing zoysiagrass breeding lines from the major sod production area (Jang Seong Gun) in Korea.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2011

The present study was performed to select suitable potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties for double cropping in seed production using aeroponic system, the nutrient solution was sprayed for 20 seconds in every 3 minutes, and potatoes were planted into styrofoam at a distance of 25 cm between plants. Transplantation was completed in September 9 and potatoes were harvested in November 12. The 10 trial cultivars, 'Atlantic', 'Dejima', 'Haryong', 'Hongyoung', 'Jayoung', 'Jopung', 'Jowon', 'Namsuh', 'Seohong', 'Superior' were examined for growth and yield. The shoot growth of all cultivars at the early stage was better than 'Superior', however, no difference was observed at the late stage of plant growth. In addition, 'Superior' showed a excellent root growth during the early plant growth stage, however, increased root growth was only found in 'Jayoung', 'Seohong', during the late plant growth stage. The stolon weight was greater in the order of 'Seohong'>'Superior'>'Jayoung'>'Hongyoung'. Particularly, the number of tuber in 'Jowon' was 22.4/plant that was over twice than 'Superior'(11.3/plant). As results of the current study, therefore, we concluded that four cultivars 'Seohong', 'Jayoung', 'Hongyoung', 'Jowon'were the most suitable cultivars for basic seed production using aeroponic system in Autumn potato.