• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.66-77
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to propose a standard putting green management program to prepare fast green suitable for international golf tournaments, and to conform whether the reported green speed model can be applied to the real field situations. The west course of Lakeside Country Club was selected for the case study. This study was initiated on August 1st, 2001 and continued through October 4th, 2001. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Following the long-term schedule, 'penncross' creeping bentgrass turf was mowed at 5.0mm(37days), 4.5mm(8days), 4.0mm(4days), 3.5mm(2days), 3.2mm(2days), 3.0mm(2days), 2.8mm(2days) and the mowing direction was changed daily. Variation of mowing height was reduced to a minimum range. Core aerification with deep tines was applied 19 days prior to the first practice round. Dry sand maintenance was top-dressed 2 times at 1.5mm/$m^2$ on the 17th day and 1.0mm/$m^2$ on the 10th day. Minimum irrigation was applied to keep the turf alive. During the tournament preparation week, dew on the putting greens was removed by using a sponge roller. Following the dew removal, the greens were cut once each morning at a height of 2.8mm. The mower used was the 21 inch working behind mower equipped with a tournament bedknife and 11 reel blades. Following the mowing, the peens were rolled with a light-weight roller in one direction in the morning. Rolling was used as a finishing technique to ensure that the surface was as smooth as possible, and to provide true ball roll and maximum green speed. In conclusion these management practices satisfied the daily green stimpmeter readings required for USGA championship play. 2. During the period of tournament preparation, no damage was observed on the green, but scalping in green edge appeared in about 0.39% of the total area of 18 greens in the west course.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 2006

This study was carried out to propose low types of green speed expectation models for fast putting green management by changing mowing height($4.0{\sim}2.5$ mm) and timing of rolling, dew removal and dew removal+rolling. Ball roll distance data were taken from the creeping bentgrass(Agrostis palustris Huds. 'Penncross') practice green of east course at the Lakeside C.C. in October 18, 2001 and May 25, 2002. Data were subjected to multi-regression analysis using Statistical Package for the Social Science. Among four types of green speed expectation models, the best multiple-regression equation for fast green management was as follows; $Y_4=4.171-0.225{\cdot}X_1-0.038{\cdot}X_2$ (where, $Y_4$ : green speed(m) after single dew removal+single rolling, $X_1$ : mowing height($4.0{\sim}2.5,\;X_2$ : passage of time ($0{\sim}8$ h.)). The equation[single dew removal by using sponge roller $\rightarrow$ single mowing at 3.0 mm height or less $\rightarrow$ single rolling] explained to provide fast green over 3.2 m (Stimpmeter readings required for USGA championship play) until the end of first round. Therefore, this cultural practice system was believed to provide fast putting green condition for professional golf tournament

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.139-146
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• 1999

This studies was carried out to estimate the influence of mowing height, time lapse, rolling, and dew removal on green speed of putting green in Lake Side C. C. on 29, 30 Jun. 1998. The results were as follows. As mowing height increased, green speed tended to be decreased. After mowing, green speed tended to be decreased over the time, and appeared to be decrease significantly on the next day[Y=3.206-0.127.X1-1.41$\times$10-2.X4(Y=green speed, X1=mowing height, X4=time lapse)]. This suggests that the frequency of mowing must be increased to maintain the green speed. But, frequent mowing cause the turfgrass of putting green to be stressed. Rolling tended to increase green speed[Y=3.555-0.202.X1+0.111.X2(Y=green speed, X1=mowing height, X2=rolling)]. Thus, rollers is thought to be an tool used to increase green speed and rolling is expected to be able to decrease turfgrass stress while maintaining the performance level of the putting green. Dew removal appeared to increase green speed significantly[Y=2.499-0.125.X1+0.366.X3(Y=green speed, X1=mowing height, X3=dew removal)]. Thus, dew removal is expected to maintain the green speed in the morning.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.91-106
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• 2003

The objective of this study is to present management methods for Korean golf courses to achieve fast green that satisfies international golf tournament standards during an official golf tournament. The results of both the research and the comparative study on putting green management of 24 tournaments hosted in Korea and 12 tournaments hosted in overseas countries in 2002 are as follows: 1. As for the putting greens in Korean and foreign golf courses where official golf tournaments were held, Korean of official golf tournaments were mainly opened in two-green system golf courses contrary to the foreign cases, and the average size of the greens in Korean golf courses was shown to be greater than that of foreign golf courses to some extent, although there was no difference between the types of turf varieties. 2. Results have shown that unlike foreign golf courses, Korean golf courses were managing putting greens by using greens mowers mostly for general (non-tournament) management, and elaborate rolling attempts failed during official tournament flay week because of an insufficient number of rollers to be input. Therefore, Korean golf courses are required to make efforts to secure 21-inch working-behind greens mowers equipped with tournament bedknifes and 11 blades, which is the greens mowing equipment for professional tournaments, and rollers above all things in order to achieve fast green during tournament play week 3. In attempting to achieve green as fast as that of foreign golf courses, Korean golf courses need to consider the method of performing mowing at 3.0mm height or less with greens mowers for professional tournaments. This needs to be done more than two times, followed by a continuous practice of rolling for proper management.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to find the suitable putting green maintenance equipment for improving the quality of putting green. This study was carried out to investigate the green speed(i.e., ball roll distance) by different the types of greens mower(between work-behind greens mower and riding greens mower), the types of reel blades(between 9 blades and II blades) and the types of roller(between riding soil sprayer and lightweight roller). Green speed of golf course putting greens is assessed by use of Stimpmeter. The west course of Lakeside Country Club was selected for the case study. The results are summarized as follows; 1. The green speed was faster in 3.8 mm moving height treatment plot using work-behind greens mower than in 3.8 mm moving height treatment plot using riding greens mower right after the moving and even after eight hours had passed, and it was statistically significant at a 95% confidence level. Therefore, work-behind greens mower was judged to be a proper equipment type for the fast green management practice than riding greens mower. 2. The green speed was faster in 3.2 mm mowing height treatment plot using work-behind greens mower equipped with II blades than in 3.2 mm mowing height treatment plot using work-behind greens mower equipped with 9 blades, and this result was statistically significant at a 95% confidence level. Therefore, II-blade was judged to be a proper blade type for the fast green management practice than 9-blade. 3. The difference in green speed (green speed increased after rolling) between a treatment plot mowed at 3.0 mm mowing height with the work-behind greens mower and then rolled a single time with riding soil sprayer and a treatment plot mowed at 3.0 mm mowing height with the work-behind greens mower and then rolled once with lightweight roller was not statistically significant at a 95% confidence level. However, the difference in green speed (green speed decreased after rolling) between two treatment plots measured after eight hours had passed was statistically significant at a 95% confidence level. Therefore, the lightweight roller was judged to be a proper roller type for the fast green management practice than the riding soil sprayer.