• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 2017

Background: Because of the relatively similar size of organs to human and the physiological and structural similarities, the use of porcine as xenograft donors is progressing very actively. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of porcine ear cartilage and evaluated its suitability as graft material in reconstructive and cosmetic surgery. Methods: The auricular cartilage was harvested from two pigs, and subjected to histological examination by immunohistochemical staining. To determine the collagen content, samples were treated with collagenase and weight changes were measured. After sterilization by irradiation, the samples were grafted into rats and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin and Masson Trichrome to observe inflammation and xenograft rejection. Results: In IHC staining, extracellular matrices were mainly stained with type II collagen (20.69%), keratin sulfate (10.20%), chondroitin sulfate (2.62%), and hyaluronic acid (0.84%). After collagenase treatment, the weight decreased by 68.3%, indicating that about 70% of the porcine ear cartilage was composed of collagen. Upon xenograft of the sterilized cartilages in rats, inflammatory cells were observed for up to 2 months. However, they gradually decreased, and inflammation and reject-response were rarely observed at 5 months. Conclusion: The porcine ear cartilage was covered with perichondrium and cellular constituents were found to be composed of chondrocytes and chondroblasts. In addition, the extracellular matrices were mainly composed of collagen. Upon xenograft of irradiated cartilage into rats, there was no specific inflammatory reaction around the transplanted cartilage. These findings suggest that porcine ear cartilage could be a useful alternative implant material for human cosmetic surgery.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.206-215
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a new design method of Genetic Algorithm Processor(GAP) and Evolvable Hardware(EHW). All sorts of creature evolve its structure or shape in order to adapt itself to environments. Evolutionary Computation based on the process of natural selection not only searches the quasi-optimal solution through the evolution process, but also changes the structure to get best results. On the other hand, Genetic Algorithm(GA) is good fur finding solutions of complex optimization problems. However, it has a major drawback, which is its slow execution speed when is implemented in software of a conventional computer. Parallel processing has been one approach to overcome the speed problem of GA. In a point of view of GA, long bit string length caused the system of GA to spend much time that clear up the problem. Evolvable Hardware refers to the automation of electronic circuit design through artificial evolution, and is currently increased with the interested topic in a research domain and an engineering methodology. The studies of EHW generally use the XC6200 of Xilinx. The structure of XC6200 can configure with gate unit. Each unit has connected up, down, right and left cell. But the products can't use because had sterilized. So this paper uses Vertex-E (XCV2000E). The cell of FPGA is made up of Configuration Logic Block (CLB) and can't reconfigure with gate unit. This paper uses Vertex-E is composed of the component as cell of XC6200 cell in VertexE

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.394-399
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• 2007

In this study, the characteristic qualities of whole soymilk were examined based on differing hydrolysis condition. The results showed that as the concentration of enzyme preparation(KMF-G) increase, $^{\circ}Brix$, calcium-binding capacity, and the content of free amino acid components also increased. Additionally SDS-PAGE analysis revealed a similar pattern of in the molecular weight of proteins at enzyme preparation concentration 0.20 and 0.35%(w/w). The quality of whole soymilk hydrolysate was shown to be best at a enzyme preparation(KMF-G) concentration of 0.20%(w/w) and hydrolysis time of 60 min. When sterilized at 115, 130 and $145\;^{\circ}C$ for 15 sec each the change in whole soymilk quality was not substantial. Based on the above results, a 0.20%(w/w) enzyme preparation(KMF-G) concentration and 60 mim hydrolysis time was determined to be the optimal hydrolysis condition for whole soymilk. It is anticipated that soymilk hydrolysis will a food material that is diverse in its application and uses.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.14 no.3 s.24
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• pp.163-166
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• 1975

This experiment was performed to investigate the X-ray sensitivities at the various stages of life cycle and to determine the sterillizing dose of stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans(L). A dose of 300 rad caused about $50\%$ mortality in 2-hour-old eggs as measured by egg hatch, and $100\%$ mortality was obtained with a does of 1 Krad. Sub-lethal dose $(LD_{50})$ for the pupal mortality after irradiation of 3-5days old pupae were 11.5 Krad and the mortality was decreased with increasing pupal age at irradition. A significant reduction of egg hatch by $1.5\%$ was observed when treated males with 3 Krad at pupal stage were mated to untreated virgin femleas. On the other hand, $100\%$ sterility in females was resulted by 2 Krad irradiation and oviposition was completely inhibited with 3 Krad. Thus, both sexes of stable fly could be sterilized with a dose of 4 Krad irradiated to 3-5 days old pupae.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 1973

Bacterial cultures of the transfer forceps, 4"$\times$4"mesh gauze and polluted air of nursing units of general surgery, internal medicine, gynecology and pediatrics of S.N.U.H. were carried on for S consecutive days (from 17th to 21s1 August, 1972) to investigate the degree of contamination of such instruments which were used in dressing the patients. 1. The average hospitalized patients for each nursing unit were 24 persons. 2. The frequency of dressing, and using forceps and gauze in surgical nursing unit were 25,316 and 66 times respectively. Actually the forceps were used most frequently. There was no dressing in the nursing unit of internal median. 3. Most of dressing were carried on from 11 : 00 to 13 : 59 o′clock. 4. Averagely 121.5 persons passed through each nursing unit. 549 visitors dropped in the nursing unit of gynecology in maximum, and 219 visitors in the nursing of internal medicine in minimum. The visitors rushed in from 11 : 00 to 13 : 59 o′clock to he 142.5 persons for each nursing unit in average. 5. Colony counts after the bacterial cultures of the forceps and gauze disclosed 1098.44 and 704.51 per plate respectively. 6. The degree of contamination was parallel to the duration and frequency of dressings. 7. The degree of contamination of the instruments was severest in the nursing unit of internal medicine, and !east in the nursing unit of gynecology. On the matter of gauze, the contamination was most extreme in the pediatric nursing unit. 8. There was no significant daily differences in terms of contamination throughout the week. 9. It was disclosed that empty forceps jars were less contaminated than the jars with solution of any kind. 10. Bacterial cultures of the polluted air in corridor showed 73,88 colony counts per plate.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.174-181
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• 2009

Pterocarpus marsupium, Clitoria ternatea, and Sanseveiria cylindrica are some of the important and endangered medicinal plant species of India. Despite of medicinal properties, antibacterial potential of the plants have not yet been explored. The present study was designed to optimize the in vitro technique for micropropagation and to screen the extracts from leaves and in vitro raised calli for antibacterial properties. Excised leaf-explants from the parent plants were surface sterilized and cultivated on Murashige & Skoog's (MS) medium containing $N^6$-benzyladenine (BA) in concentrations of 1, 2, 5, and $10{\mu}M$. Optimal growth of calli was noticed at a concentration of $5{\mu}M$, therefore the extracts from calli grown at this concentration were further studied for antibacterial activity. Both alcoholic and aqueous extracts from leaves of respective plants, and their in vitro raised calli were tested for antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Aqueous extracts showed antibacterial activity against limited number of bacterial species; notably the extracts of C. ternatea which showed antibacterial activity against Streptococcus pyogenes, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. Alcoholic extracts of all three plants showed antibacterial activity against a wider range of bacteria. Among the Gram-positive bacteria, extracts from C. ternatea showed strong antibacterial activity against Bacillus spp., whereas the extracts of S. cylindrica showed good antibacterial potential for Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and S. pyogenes. The extracts from all three plants showed antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including, Salmonella spp. and Shigella dysenteriae; organisms causing enteric fever and dysentery. In most of the cases, the extracts from respective calli showed comparable, and in some cases better, result in comparison to the extracts from parent leaves. To the best of our knowledge this is the first preliminary report on antibacterial potential, especially through calli extracts, of these plants; and in vitro cultivation of the explants may be used to obtain phytotherapeutic compounds.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.198-203
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• 2013

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of resin cements and primer on the retentive force of zirconia copings bonded to zirconia abutments with insufficient retention. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Zirconia blocks (Lava, 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) were obtained and forty sets of zirconia abutments and copings were fabricated using CAD/CAM technology. They were grouped into 4 categories as follows, depending on the types of resin cements used, and whether the primer is applied or not:Panavia F2.0 (P), Panavia F2.0 using Primer (PRIME Plus, Bisco Inc, Schaumburg, IL, USA) (PZ), Superbond C&B (S), and Superbond C&B using Primer (SZ). For each of the groups, the cementation was conducted. The specimens were kept in sterilized water ($37^{\circ}C$) for 24 hours. Retentive forces were tested and measured, and a statistical analysis was carried out. The nature of failure was recorded. RESULTS. The means and standard deviations of retentive force in Newton for each group were $265.15{\pm}35.04$ N (P), $318.21{\pm}22.24$ N (PZ), $445.13{\pm}78.54$ N (S) and $508.21{\pm}79.48$ N (SZ). Superbond C&B groups (S & SZ) showed significantly higher retentive force than Panavia F2.0 groups (P & PZ). In Panavia F2.0 groups, the use of primer was found to contribute to the increase of retentive force. On the other hand, in Superbond C&B groups, the use of primer did not influence the retention forces. Adhesive failure was observed in all groups. CONCLUSION. This study suggests that cementation of the zirconia abutments and zirconia copings with Superbond C&B have a higher retentive force than Panavia F2.0. When using Panavia F2.0, the use of primer increases the retentive force.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.2-8
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• 2013

PURPOSE. Autoclaves and UV sterilizers have been commonly used to prevent cross-infections between dental patients and dental instruments or materials contaminated by saliva and blood. To develop a dental sterilizer which can sterilize most materials, such as metals, rubbers, and plastics, the sterilization effect of an atmospheric pressure non-thermal air plasma device was evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS. After inoculating E. coli and B. subtilis the diamond burs and polyvinyl siloxane materials were sterilized by exposing them to the plasma for different lengths of time (30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and, 240 seconds). The diamond burs and polyvinyl siloxane materials were immersed in PBS solutions, cultured on agar plates and quantified by counting the colony forming units. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and significance was assessed by the LSD post hoc test (${\alpha}$=0.05). RESULTS. The device was effective in killing E. coli contained in the plasma device compared with the UV sterilizer. The atmospheric pressure non-thermal air plasma device contributed greatly to the sterilization of diamond burs and polyvinyl siloxane materials inoculated with E. coli and B. subtilis. Diamond burs and polyvinyl siloxane materials inoculated with E. coli was effective after 60 and 90 seconds. The diamond burs and polyvinyl siloxane materials inoculated with B. subtilis was effective after 120 and 180 seconds. CONCLUSION. The atmospheric pressure non-thermal air plasma device was effective in killing both E. coli and B. subtilis, and was more effective in killing E. coli than the UV sterilizer.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.265-275
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• 2007

The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of Tetracycline-HCI on the change of implant surface microstructure according to application time. Implants with thermal dual acid etched surface were utilized. Implant surface was rubbed with $50mg/m{\ell}$ Tetracycline-HCI solution and sterilized saline for O.5min, 1min, 1.5min, 2min, 2.5min and 3min. respectively in the test group. Then, specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopic observation and measured surface roughness by optical interferometer. The results of this study were as follows. 1. The thermal dual acid etched surfaces showed many small peaks and valleys distributed overall surface. 2. The surface conditioning with Tetracycline-HCI and saline didn't influence on its micromorphology. In conclusion, the implant with thermal dual acid etched surface has a protective micromorphology from the detoxification with $50mg/m{\ell}$ Tetracycline-HCI and a scrubbing with cotton pellet. Therefore, the detoxification with $50mg/m{\ell}$ Tetracycline-HCI is an effective method for peri-implantitis in case implants with thermal dual acid etched surface.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.137-141
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• 2013

Diversity of endophytic fungi of two species associated with host plants, Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi in Mt. Oser were investigated. Endophytic fungi were isolated from surface sterilized leaves of the 13 host plants and identified by morphological traits and rDNA ITS sequences analysis. Totally 37 isolates were discovered and identified into 17 taxa. Of them, 59% isolates belonged to Leotiomycetes, 30% isolates Sordariomyetes, 8% isolates Dothideomycetes and 3% isolates Agaricomycetes. Results showed a similar diversity pattern with previous studies. Also, species diversity (H') of endophytic fungi isolated from L. kaempferi was higher than that from P. densiflora. The endophytic species composition showed significant differences between host plants. Particularly, taxon of Lophodermium is a major genus in the host plants. However, critical research of the endophytic species diversities within the genus in Korea is required. The communities of endophytic fungi isolated in this study showed differences in diversities and species composition between host plants.