• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.4
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• pp.429-444
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• 1988

Considering the recent trent toward the development of multiple-use of forest trees, investigations for comprehensive information on these young stands of Hinoki cypress are necessary for rational forest management. From this point of view, 83 sample trees were selected and cut down from 23-ear old stands of Hinoki cypress at Changsung-gun, Chonnam-do. Various stem growth factors of felled trees were measured and canonical correlaton analysis, principal component analysis and factor analysis were applied to investigate the stem growth characteristics, relationships among stem growth factors, and to get potential information and comprehensive information. The results are as follows ; Canonical correlation coefficient between stem volume and quality growth factor was 0.9877. Coefficient of canonical variates showed that DBH among diameter growth factors and height among height growth factors had important effects on stem volume. From the analysis of relationship between stem-volume and canonical variates, which were linearly combined DBH with height as one set, DBH had greater influence on volume growth than height. The 1st-2nd principal components here adopted to fit the effective value of 85% from the pincipal component analysis for 12 stem growth factors. The result showed that the 1st-2nd principal component had cumulative contribution rate of 88.10%. The 1st and the 2nd principal components were interpreted as "size factor" and "shape factor", respectively. From summed proportion of the efficient principal component fur each variate, information of variates except crown diameter, clear length and form height explained more than 87%. Two common factors were set by the eigen value obtained from SMC (squared multiple correlation) of diagonal elements of canonical matrix. There were 2 latent factors, $f_1$ and $f_2$. The former way interpreted as nature of diameter growth system. In inherent phenomenon of 12 growth factor, communalities except clear length and crown diameter had great explanatory poorer of 78.62-98.30%. Eighty three sample trees could he classified into 5 stem types as follows ; medium type within a radius of ${\pm}1$ standard deviation of factor scores, uniformity type in diameter and height growth in the 1st quadrant, slim type in the 2nd quadrant, dwarfish type in the 3rd quadrant, and fall-holed type in the 4 th quadrant.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 1994

Earthworm cast was investigated in this study in order to domestically develop inexpensive and safe plug nursery soil. 20,30,40 and 50% of earthworm cast were added to the nursery soil as vegetable plant growth media, in which peatmoss and vermiculite constituted the rest of the soil. The effects of earthworm cast on the growth of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seedling were obtained as follows. 1. According to the growth stages, significant differences(p=0.001) were recorded in number of leaves, leaf area and biological dry matter yield per plant(shoor or root dry matter yield per plant). In view of mixing ratios in the nursery soil, number of leaves, leaf area and stem weight per plant showed differences significantly at 1% level and leaf weight, root weight and biological dry weight per plant at 5% level, respectively. 2. The nursery soil with earthworm cast showed increased number of leaves and leaf area per plant compared to the commercial nursery soil particularly in the later stage of this study than in the earlier stage 3. Through the total period of seedling growth, leaf weight, stem weight and root weight per plant in the nursery soil with earthworm cast were genrally higher than those in the control and this trend was apparant in the treatment of more than 40% of mixing ratio with earthworm cast. 4. Although leaf weight per plant was higher than stem weight per plant till the 3rd week, from the 4th week stem weight per plant was getting higher. In the later stage of seedling growth, the stem weight was higher in the earthworm cast mixed treatment than that in the control. 5. There was no significant difference on biological dry matter yield in the earlier stage of this study, however in the later stage, it was higher in the earthworm cast mixed treatment than that in the control.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.212-214
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• 2007

In 2005 and 2007, a basal stem rot of Disporum smilacinum caused by Sclerotium rolfsii occurred sporadically in a herb farm at Hamyang, Korea. The symptom initiated with water-soaking lesion and progressed into stem rot and wilt of a whole plant. Severely infected plants were blighted and died eventually. White mycelial mats appeared on the lesion at early stage and a number of sclerotia were formed on the stem near the soil line. The sclerotia were globoid in shape, 1-3 mm in size and white to brown in color. The optimum temperature for the growth and sclerotia formation was 30 on PDA and the hyphal width was measured $3-8{\mu}m$. The typical clamp connections were observed in the hyphae of the fungus grown on PDA. On the basis of symptom, mycological characteristics and pathogenicity to the host plant, this fungus was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo. This is the first report on the stem rot of D. smilacinum caused by S. rolfsii in Korea.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.2-9
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• 2023

Hair follicles in the skin undergo cyclic rounds of regeneration, degeneration, and rest throughout life. Stem cells residing in hair follicles play a pivotal role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and hair growth cycles. Research on hair follicle aging and age-related hair loss has demonstrated that a decline in hair follicle stem cell (HFSC) activity with aging can decrease the regeneration capacity of hair follicles. This review summarizes our understanding of how age-associated HFSC intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms can induce HFSC aging and hair loss. In addition, we discuss approaches developed to attenuate ageassociated changes in HFSCs and their niches, thereby promoting hair regrowth.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.260-268
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• 2023

Intrauterine adhesion (IUA) can occur after trauma to the basal layer of the endometrium, contributing to severe complications in females, such as infertility and amenorrhea. To date, the proposed therapeutic strategies are targeted to relieve IUA, such as hysteroscopic adhesiolysis, Foley catheter balloon, and hyaluronic acid injection have been applied in the clinic. However, these approaches showed limited effects in alleviating endometrial fibrosis and thin endometrium. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can offer the potential for endometrium regeneration owing to reduce inflammation and release growth factors. On this basis, MSCs have been proposed as promising methods to treat intrauterine adhesion. However, due to the drawbacks of cell therapy, the possible therapeutic use of extracellular vesicles released by stem cells is raising increasing interest. The paracrine effect, mediated by MSCs derived extracellular vehicles (MSC-EVs), has recently been suggested as a mechanism for their therapeutic properties. Here, we summarizes the main pathological mechanisms involved in intrauterine adhesion, the biogenesis and characteristics of extracellular vesicles, explaining how these vesicles could provide new opportunities for MSCs.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of planting position on the growth characteristics, yield and ginsenoside content in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer at different growth stages. Referring to shoot growth characteristics, stem length, stem diameter and leave area were higher at front than rear, increasing as the proceeding of growth stages. But a lower chlorophyll contents was caused at front compared to rear and decreased as the proceeding of growth stages contrarily. According to root characteristics, root length and main body length were higher at front, with a positive correlation to growth stages, which was also shown on fresh root weight and dry root weight with the maximum in August. Meanwhile, the effect of planting position on ginsenoside content could also be definite by the highest content at front showing high light intensity, increasing as the proceeding of growth stages as well.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.437-450
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• 2004

This study was conducted with two objectives ; one was to select the suitable soybean cultivars for cultivation in paddy field and the other was to establish the environment-friendly rotational cropping system of soybean instead of rice in paddy field. In order to evaluate growth adaptation and yields, Eve soybean cultivars were cultivated in Yeoncheon, Keonggi province, with two cultivation methods such as level row and high ridge. Growth of the top plants, such as stem length, number of branches, diameter of stem, were higher in high ridge than in level row, however, the differences among the cultivars were bigger than those between the cultivation methods. Dry weight of top plant was significantly different among the cultivars during whole growth stages, however, it was higher in level row than in high ridge at V5 stage while it became higher in high ridge as growth progressed. Roots were more developed in high ridge than in level row during whole growth stages. T/R ratio in level row was higher than that in high ridge. During whole growth stages, significant differences were observed among the cultivars in growth and yields in each cultivation method and yields of Eunhakong was the highest. In results, number of nodules and T/R ratio at V5 stage, number of pods at R2 stage, and number of seeds and T/R ratio at R5 stage had highly correlated with yields, respectively.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.23-27
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• 2010

The control of stem length is most important external quality aspect in cut chrysanthemum. The present work in conducted in growth chamber and aims at investigating the effect of light intensity on the photosynthesis capacity and stem elongation in cut chrysanthemum. To evaluate the effect, different level of assimilation lighting (LEDs) was given to canopy level 60, 100, 140, and $180mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, individually, under short-day conditions, and the light treatments were initiated from 7days after planting. There was a positive linear-regression relationship between the light intensity and the net assimilation rate. On the other hand, there was not significant difference in flower buds induction. The growth of stem length, leaf area, and dry weight was increased by increasing the light intensity, whereas the plants grown under 140 and $180mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ was not differences in those of growth. It indicates that the increased net assimilation rate is not continually coincided with the maximized growth in cut chrysanthemum. It might be considered that the optimal light intensity for stem elongation of cut chrysanthemum is $140mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$ under short-day condition.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.3
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• pp.331-337
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• 2001

This study was performed to develope stem analysis program(Stemwin1.0) which can be used in PC with MS-Windows operating system. Stemwin1.0 uses width of annual tree ring measured with 1/100mm unit, and calculate increments of several growth factors such as DBH, height and volume with various methods. Mean DBH can be calculated by arithmetic and quadratic mean methods. Height can be estimated by parallel line, line extending and height curve methods. Volume can be estimated by Huber, Smalian, and Spline functions. Not only Total growth, Mean Annual Increment(MAI) and Current Annual Increment(CAI) of growth factors, but also merchantable volume and height, form factor, growth rate, and merchantable volume rate are automatically calculated. Stemwin1.0 can also output accurate stem taper curve with various scale, and prepare stem taper data(diameter at different disk heights) for statistical analysis for deriving stem taper model. Stemwin1.0 can export output data and graph to Excel for more compatible use of it.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.464-473
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• 2018

Cripto is a small glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored signaling protein that can detach from the anchored membrane and stimulate proliferation, migration, differentiation, vascularization, and angiogenesis. In the present study, we demonstrated that Cripto positively affected proliferation and survival of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) without affecting multipotency. Cripto also increased expression of phosphorylated janus kinase 2 (p-JAK2), phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3), 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), c-Myc, and cyclin D1. Notably, treatment with an anti-GRP78 antibody blocked these effects. In addition, pretreatment with STAT3 short interfering RNA (siRNA) inhibited the increase in p-JAK2, c-Myc, cyclin D1, and BCL3 levels caused by Cripto and attenuated the pro-survival action of Cripto on MSCs. We also found that incubation with Cripto protected MSCs from apoptosis caused by hypoxia or $H_2O_2$ exposure, and the level of caspase-3 decreased by the Cripto-induced expression of B-cell lymphoma 3-encoded protein (BCL3). These effects were sensitive to down-regulation of BCL3 expression by BCL3 siRNA. Finally, we showed that Cripto enhanced expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). In summary, our results demonstrated that Cripto activated a novel biochemical cascade that potentiated MSC proliferation and survival. This cascade relied on phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 and was regulated by GRP78. Our findings may facilitate clinical applications of MSCs, as these cells may benefit from positive effects of Cripto on their survival and biological properties.