• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.49-49
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• 2017

Sugar palm (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb.) Merr.) grows naturally under shading of tree canopy, therefore shading levels take a main role for an optimal growth of sugar palm seedlings. The study was conducted to examine the effect of shading levels on the seedlings growth of sugar palm for up to 11 months under four shading levels: S0 (100% of full sunlight or non-shading), S1 (32% shading level), S2 (56% shading level), and S3 (64% shading level). Sugar palm seedlings grown under the shade (32, 56, and 64%) showed better plant height, stem diameter, leaf size, petiole and rachis length, chlorophyll content, root fresh and dry weights, root volume, and total biomass than those grown without shading. Although there were no significant different responses among the shading treatments on plant height, biomass dry weight, leaf morphological characters, chlorophyll content, and SPAD value, the S2 treatment showed a significant effect on a better root characters. Therefore, it can be concluded that the S2 treatment, 56% shading level, is an optimal shading condition for sugar palm seedlings.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.203-211
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• 1994

The establishment by seeds and the maintenance by ramets of the autumn olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) population were investigated in the Namhansansung Provincial Park, Jungbu-myun, Kwangju-gun, Kyunggi-do. Seed production and germination rate were 3, 300 $seeds{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$ and 52%, respectively. The ramet formation in the population was classified into 4 types: stump type, creeping root type, lateral root type and secondary creeping root type. The subterranean creeping roots were 0.1~1.0 m in length, 4.5~14.0 mm in diameter and 0.06~0.2 m in soil depth. The number of ramets formed from a node was 1~21. The subterranean roots spread $5~509cm^2{\cdot}plant^{-1}{\cdot}yr^{-1}$, which began to be produced from 7~9 year-old individuals. The number of stems was 1~67 per stump, which was reduced by self-thinning from 2 to 14 year-old trees. The frequency distribution of stem diameter$(D_{30})$ showed a reverse J-shaped curve, suggesting that this population be maintained perpetually by their own ramets.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.242-252
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• 2013

This study was evaluated to biological activity of breeding lines from Acantopanax( A. sessiliflorus: ASF, A. koreanum: AKN, A. chiicanensis: ACS, A. senticosus: AST) and parts(root, stem, fruit, and leaf) and various extracted solvents( 100% water, 100% EtOH, 50% EtOH). Total polyphenol content of AKN root in 100% water extracts was high detected 464.46 mg/100 g. Total flavonoid content in the leaf was significantly higher than in other parts. The content of total sugars was high in the 50% EtOH extracts and fruit. The major free amino acids were arginine in all extracts. The content of arginine was detected in the root of AKN(1.807 mg/100 mg). Contents of eleutheroside B, E were high detected in 100% water extracts. Antioxidative capacity in the leaves of AKN was the higher than other extracts($EC_{50}=84.8{\mu}g/mL$). The results would be useful for understanding of the physiological properties of AKN extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.56-68
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• 2003

The main purpose of this study was to verify the shore margin protection effect of the root system of Salix gracilistyla Miq. developed from direct sticking cuttings on wetland, through the measurement of root growth and comparison of soil slaking rate depending on the planting method applied to shore-marginal slope. Comparison of growth rate and soil dispersion rate was made between five planted slope and one naked slope. The planting methods applied to the planted slope were (a) horizontally layed burying of stick(45cm) bundle (b) horizontally layed covering the slope with sticks (c) horizontally fencing with normal cuttings(20cm) (d) elected sticking of normal cutting at equal distances (e) random scattering short cuttings(3-4cm). As results, the most effective planting method was horizontally layed burying, and in order to increase its efficiency scattering the live stem chips in 2-3cm on the slope is recommended. The growth of root was negatively regressive to the distance from water floor.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.138-151
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• 1989

In order to find the effects of seed size on the early seedling growth and yield of soybean, three soybean cultivars in Korea were investigated. Seed size was classified into large and small according to the weight and planted in pots(1/5000a) and in the field. Three soybean cultivars respresenting large, medium and small grains were Hwangkeum-kong, Kwangkyo and Bangsa-kong respectively. These cultivars were planted on June 20, 1987. 1. The plant height, stem diameter, root length and leaf area index(LAI) of the seed with large size seemed larger than the seed with small size regardless of cultivars. 2. The fresh and dry weight were different depending upon the grain sizes. The large grain had heavier fresh and dry weight than the small grains. 3. The protein consumption rate of the cotyledon of Bangsa-kong with small grain size was faster than the Hwangkeum-kong with large grain size. 4. The stem length, stem diameter and number of main stem node of the seed with large size seemed larger than the seed with small size. Large grains of Hwangkeum-kong were the highest in the number of branch node and number of node. 5. The number of pods and grains per plant of Bangsa-kong with small grain size was larger than the Kwangkyo with large grain size. 6. The yield per 10a for Hwangkeum-kong, Hwangkyo and Bangsa-kong were 226.3kg, 193.0kg and 192.8kg, respectively and they were all statistically different. The yield increases of large grains over small grains in the Hwangkeum-kong, Kwangkyo, and Bangsa-kong were 7.4%, 8.0% and 9.2%, respectively.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.550-557
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• 2017

The periodontal ligament (PDL) is the connective tissue between tooth root and alveolar bone containing mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). It has been suggested that human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) differentiate into osteo/cementoblast and ligament progenitor cells. The periodontitis is a representative oral disease where the PDL tissue is collapsed, and regeneration of this tissue is important in periodontitis therapy. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) stimulates proliferation and differentiation of fibroblastic MSCs into various cell lineages. We evaluated the dose efficacy of FGF-2 for cytodifferentiation of hPDLSCs into ligament progenitor. The fibrous morphology was highly stimulated even at low FGF-2 concentrations, and the expression of teno/ligamentogenic markers, scleraxis and tenomodulin in hPDLSCs increased in a dose dependent manner of FGF-2. In contrast, expression of the osteo/cementogenic markers decreased, suggesting that FGF-2 might induce and maintain the ligamentogenic potential of hPDLSCs. Although the stimulation of tenocytic maturation by $TGF-{\beta}1$ was diminished by FGF-2, the inhibition of the expression of early ligamentogenic marker by $TGF-{\beta}1$ was redeemed by FGF-2 treatment. The stimulating effect of BMPs on osteo/cementogenesis was apparently suppressed by FGF-2. These results indicate that FGF-2 predominantly differentiates the hPDLSCs into teno/ligamentogenesis, and has an antagonistic effect on the hard tissue differentiation induced by BMP-2 and BMP-4.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.467-476
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• 2002

A large number of individual ginseng plants have been selected in the farmer's fields to develop new ginseng varieties with desirable traits since 1970s. Among them, Hwangsukjong with green stem and yellow berry was selected as a ginseng germplasm. The phenotype of Hwangsukjong is quite different from Jakyungjong that has violet stem and red berry and has been cultivated in most of ginseng fields. Therefore, Hwangsukjong was crossed with Jakyungjong to clarify the inheritance of stem color and then the characteristics of $F_1\;and\;F_2$ hybrids were investigated. $F_1$ hybrid plants were similar to Jakyungjong in most of aerial part characters and showed hybrid vigor in fresh weight of root and weight of 100 seeds. In $F_2$ generation, the stem color was segregated in a ratio of 3 violet to 1 green. From this result, it was elucidated that violet color was controlled by single dominant gene. In another experiment, DNA was extracted from parents (Jakyungjong and Hwangsukjong) and $F_1$ hybrid. For each primer evaluated, multiple band profile was produced comprising from one to five major bands plus a varying number of minor bands and amplified bands were detected among most primers. In case of UBC primer number 13, 17, 30, 31, and 43, band patterns of parents and $F_1$ hybrid were very similar, but the others were not. Especially, in {\sharp}1$, {\sharp}4$, and {\sharp}33$, specific band was produced in Hwangsukjong and $F_1$ hybrid while in {\sharp}6$, another specific band was produced in Jakyungjong and $F_1$ hybrid. Therefore, $F_1$ hybrid had all specific bands at these primers. So, these selective markers could be used for identification of characteristics of $F_2$ hybrids

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 2004

Over 98％ of Dendranthema x grandiflorum plants growing under a glasshouse in Gumi, Korea were infested with Meloidogyne hapla. Dendranthema x grandiflorum cv, 'Ardilo' had fewer eggmass (3.3/g root), followed by cv. 'Euro' (6.5), and cv. 'Monarisa' had the most eggmasses(17). The coefficient correlation between plant growth and nematode reproduction(number of eggmass per plant) indicated that nematode reduced chlorophyll content in leaf (r = -0.418, p = 0.059; r = -0.463, p = 0.040). Number of flowers, number of leaves and stem height to flower were positively correlated with flower weight(p < 0.05).

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.6-11
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• 2007

This study was conducted to identify physiologically active substances from leaves and stems of peony plant. MeOH extracts and column chromatography were employed to isolate active compounds and chemical structure were identified by IR, UV, Mass and NMR. The results obtained can be summerized as followings : Chemical structure of compound 1 was identified as oleanolic acid (white color form) of triterpenoid group, which is firstly identified from the above part of peony. Compound 2 was identified as kaempferol (yellow needle form) of flavonoid group, which was firstly identified from the root, leaf and stem of peony. Compound 3 was identified as methyl gallate (white power form) of phenol group, which was firstly identified from the above part of peony. Compound 4 was identified as astragalin (bright yellow needle form) of flavonoid group, that was firstly identified from the leaf and stem of peony. Compound 5 was identified as paeoniflorin (white color form) of monoterpene group, that was firstly identified from the above part of peony.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.207-210
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• 2007

A stem and root rot disease of English ivy (Hedera helix) was found in the flower market, Jeonju, Chonbuk province, Korea in May 2007. A Phytophthora species was isolated from the diseased part of the plant. Based on the mycological properties and pathogenesis the isolate was identified as Phytophthora cinnamomi. The fungus produce ovoid sporangium which was ovoid to spherical and obpyriform which is noncaducous, non-papillate and averaged $33.8{\times}16{\mu}m$ in dimension. Chlamydospores were abundantly produced on agar media and sized about $19.7{\mu}m$ in diameter. The fungus was heterothallic and A1 mating type. Oospores were measured $26.2{\mu}m$ in size. Optimum temperature for growth of the fungus was 25 to $30^{\circ}C$. Up to our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the stem rot on English ivy caused by P. cinnamomi in Korea.