• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.1-24
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to find the factors affecting the bum out syndrome and its degree in terms of personal, organizational and clients characteristics, and then to find the ways to reduce or eliminate those factors. The 228 doctors and the nurses who worked at the emergency departments in 6 general hospitals with more than 700 beds in Seoul were surveyed from April 15, 2002 for 15 days. A structured self-recording questionnaire was used; the t-test and ANOVA was used to analyse the median difference between the occupation, and multiple regression was employed to find the factors affecting the bum-out syndrome. The summary of this research analysis is as follows : First, of several variables, the highest frequency of the burn-out was the emotional burn-out followed by lack in personal touch toward the patients, decrease in sense of personal achievement. These results indicate that the doctors and nurses in emergency departments experience higher degree of burn-out than the social workers and the nurses who work at other departments in heath care environment as other studies revealed. Second, the analysis of the total burn-out factors showed the lower self respect, younger age, heavier work load, higher dissatisfaction rate toward remuneration and not-so-smooth relationship with the patients and their relatives the higher burn out rate. These variables explained 54% of the total variables. Third, the nurses experienced more burn-out syndrome than the doctors. The degree of self-respect, work pattern, relationship with the clients, age and remuneration were the causes of the burn-out. The doctors recorded lack in personal touch toward the patients more, while the nurses more to emotional exhaustion. The limitations of this research are the subjective answers of the respondents to certain questions and differences in sample numbers of each hospital in which some reservation can be exercised in explaining statistical significance of the data, and generalizing the conclusion. Despite of its limitation, this research has its own merit as an unpreceded research in this field, and provision of the basic materials to prevent and find causes of the burn-out syndrome among the doctors and nurses in the emergency departments.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.255-265
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• 2003

This study was conducted to provide a baseline data for hospice nurses to improve their practices for the spiritual wellbeing of their clients. Analysis of the spiritual wellbeing status of hospice patients was conducted from April 20 to June 20, 2002. A total of 59 cancer patients who admitted to hospice care units of one university medical center, and who have alert mental status were recruited for the study. Paloutzian and Ellison (982) spiritual wellbeing scale and Jungho Kang (996) scale, which was modified for the cancer patients, were used as the study instruments, ANOVA and T-test were applied using SPSS win 10.0 for statistical analysis. The results are as follows : 1. The mean spiritual wellbeing score of the hospice patients was $49.76(SD\pm7.95)$. When it was converted into 4 point scale, the mean score for the spiritual wellbeing was 2.49. The mean religious wellbeing score was $24.17 (SD\pm5.56)$ and that of the existential wellbeing was $25.59 (SD\pm3.10)$. 2 The mean score for the total spiritual wellbeing was $52.54 (SD\pm8.12)$ for female, and $47.86 (SD\pm6.95)$ for male and the difference was statistically significant (t=-2.305, p=.025), 3. In testing the spiritual wellbeing, there was significant difference according to the religion (F=28.931, p=.000). 4. In testing the religious wellbeing, the mean score was $22.77 (SD\pm5.35)$ for male, and $26.20 (SD\pm5.32)$ for female and the difference was statistically significant (t=-2.430, p=.019). 5. In testing the religious wellbeing, there was significant difference according to the religion (F=37.522, p=.000). However, the religious wellbeing was not different according to the age, occupation, marital status and education level. 6. In testing the existential wellbeing. there was significant difference according to the religion (F=8.147, p=.000). However, mean score for the existential wellbeing was not significantly different according to sex, age, occupation, marital status and education level. 7. In testing the existential wellbeing, there was significant difference according to the level of vigor (F=3.662, p=.032), while no difference was observed in the existential wellbeing according to the general health status, degree of pain, and diagnosis. From the results described above it can be concluded that : To improve the spiritual wellbeing status of hospice patients, hospice nurses should identify spiritual needs of the patients according to the religion. gender and the level of vigor.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2011

Using six-year (2004-2009) SKYNET measurements, MODIS-derived AOTs were validated at five SKYNET sites (Seoul, Chiba, Etchujima, Fukuejima, and Hedomisaki), in addition to climatological analysis of MODIS-derived optical properties over the East Asian domain ($20-50^{\circ}N$, $90-150^{\circ}E$). In so doing MODIS-SKYNET collocated AOT data were constructed if two measurements are taken within 25 km distance and within 30 minute time difference. From the comparison of two measurements, it is demonstrated that aerosol type insignificantly affects the accuracy of MODIS AOT. It is because the aerosol model combining predefined fine aerosol model and coarse aerosol model is used for the retrieval. However, positive bias between MODIS and SKYNET increases as fraction of the coarse aerosol model increases. In addition, MODIS AOT appears to be overestimated in case of lower aerosol loading while the overestimation tends to decrease with increased aerosol loading. Regression analysis between MODIS AOT and SKYNET AOT for 550 nm band yields 0.86, 0.16, and 0.61 of regression slope, intercept, and coefficient of determination, respectively. Those statistical results may draw a conclusion that MODIS AOTs over East Asia carry a reasonable accuracy compared to ground-based SKYNET measurements.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.171-186
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• 2015

This study is designed to test the effects of innovativeness, information dependency, informative sufficiency, and review reliability on perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and eventually continuous use in mobile bakery applications and to provide useful information for the bakery industry. A total of 500 questionnaires were distributed for data collection from September $1^{st}$ to $30^{th}$ in 2014. Out of 455 returned questionnaires, 441 were useable. Statistical techniques utilized in the study were a factor analysis, reliability tests, and a covariance structure analysis using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. The results were as follows: first, innovativeness had significant effects on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Second, information dependency had significant effects on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Third, informative sufficiency had significant effects on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Fourth, review reliability had significant effects on perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Fifth, perceived ease of use had a significant effect on perceived usefulness. Finally, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use had significant effects on the continuous use of a mobile bakery application.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate their mechanical properties after laser-welding or soldering of precious and non-precious dental alloys. For this study, 30 Co-Cr alloy specimens, 15 gold alloy specimens, 15 palladium alloy specimens were casted and seperated on the middle area. 15 sperated Co-Cr specimens and 15 seperated gold alloy specimens were laser welded (GW Group). 15 sperated Co-Cr specimens and 15 sperated gold alloy specimens were soldered by coventional soldering method (GS Group). 15 sperated Co-Cr specimens and 15 seperated palladium alloy specimens were laser welded (PW Group). 15 sperated Co-Cr specimens and 15 sperated palladium alloy specimens were soldered by coventional soldering method (PS Group). Tensile strength, 0.2% yield strength, % elongation were recorded in nine specimens of each group. Bending strength were record in six specimens of each group. These data for four groups were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance(ANOVA). The fracture locations, fractured surfaces were examined by SEM(scanning electron microscope). The results were as following: 1) In the same alloy combination, the tensile strength and 0.2% yield strength and of the laser welded group with same metal combination were significantly less than soldered groups(p<0.05). 2) In the combination of Co-Cr/Palladium, the bending strength of laser welded group were significantly less than that of soldered groups(p<0.05). In the combination of Co-Cr/Gold, the bending strength of laser welded group were significantly higher than that of soldered groups(p<0.05). 3) In the same method of joint, the tensile strength and 0.2% yield strength and bending strength of the Co-Cr/gold were significantly higher than Co-Cr/palladium(p<0.05). 4) There was no significantly statistical difference between each group in the % elongation(p>0.05). 5) The fracture of the laser welded specimens occured in the welding area and a large void was observed at the center of the fracture surface. 6) The fracture of the soldered specimens occured also inthe soldered area and many porpsities were showed at the fracture sites.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.99-110
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• 2014

Purpose: This study was carried out in order to examine the relationship of job satisfaction and social support on the dental technicians and to analyze its influence. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire survey was carried out by having convenience sampling as 220 dental technicians who work in Seoul Metropolis, Gyeonggi-do Province, Daejeon and Chungnam Province. A research tool was used questionnaire that was proved reliability and validity. It was prepared with totally 37 questions such as 12 items for subjects' general characteristics, 18 items for job satisfaction measurement, and 7 items for social support measurement. An analysis of the collected data was computationally processed by using SPSS Win 17.0 program. An analytical technique was made by using statistical techniques such as frequency & percentage, T-test or One-way ANOVA analysis. The following are the analytical results of the collected materials. Results: As a result of analyzing research subjects' job satisfaction level, there was significant difference(P<0.05) in items of religion, hobby life, working environment, and rest time out of daily work. The whole mean in job satisfaction was indicated to be relatively high with 3.13. However, job satisfaction with social recognition, salary, and safety was indicated lowly. As a result of analyzing research subjects' social support level, there was significant difference(P<0.05) in items of age, working environment, and rest time out of daily work. The whole mean in social support was indicated to be relatively high with 3.49. As a result of analyzing correlation between job satisfaction and social support, all variables were indicated to be positive correlation in high significance level, thereby having been indicated that the higher job satisfaction leads to the higher social support. Conclusion: As a result of this study, there is high correlation between social support and job satisfaction. An effort and a support are considered to be necessary for forming positive personal relations among members such as relationship with family member and with fellow employee, for improving the working conditions, and for enhancing dental technicians' pride and social recognition in order to promote dental technician's job satisfaction.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.189-204
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• 2016

The study is aimed at figuring out the effect of the consumers benefit, attitudes and interest when customers purchase functional food on purchasing intention and product a foundation of competitive power such as a customized product development for a marketing strategy by examining consumers' behavioral patterns. The range of functional food which is a subject of this study is included in the nutraceutical foods, protective foods in addition to biocontrol food. It surveyed about ages of 20 to 60 domestic residents who have taken functional food in order to conduct the study. Data used in this study was collected 353 answers in September 2016, and hierarchical analysis which is a demographic characteristic as control variables was conducted to verify the hypothesis using statistical program SPSS 21.0 The result of this study demonstrates that firstly, psychological pursued benefit secondly, health concern thirdly, health management attitude affects to functional purchasing intention. It is expecting that the result of this study will be used on the basic standards that are grasping and generalizing the needs of customers. In addition, it is also expecting to contribute to improvement of internal and external functional food industry as a functional food material development because it provides empirical customer behavior analysis result.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.3-13
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• 2012

This study evaluated the feasibility of the location for PM-10 Monitoring Stations utilizing through GIS analysis. In addition, optimal sites were investigated to properly manage PM-10 which are closely related with public health. There are 11 PM-10 monitoring stations in Daegu area and the PM-10 data monitored at these stations are utilized to understand the overall status of PM-10 pollution. However, there are contrastive issues on the locations of current monitoring stations. Thus, this study prepared the map of PM-10 concentrations in Daegu area using IDW and Kriging techniques. Furthermore, average PM-10 concentrations were calculated using zonal statistical methods according to legal divisions and then, the current monitoring stations were evaluated whether their location is appropriate or not for PM-10 pollution distribution. It was found that, on the basis of yearly, seasonal and daily concentration analysis, the location of current PM-10 monitoring stations were not appropriate, particularly as they could not represent regional PM-10 pollution characteristics. In order to supplement this deficiency, seven sites(Namsandong, Namildong, Dongildong, Buksungro 1, Jongro 1, Hyangchondong and Haejeondong) commonly selected from each analytical step are suggested as additional PM-10 monitoring sites. It is further suggested that this kind of scientific evaluation for the location of PM-10 monitoring stations are needed in order to properly manage public heath in other cities as well as Daegu area.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2011

Objectives To evaluate the drug interactions between aripiprazole and haloperidol, authors investigated plasma concentrations of those drugs by genotypes. Method Fifty six patients with a confirmed Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edition diagnosis of schizophrenia were enrolled in this eight-week, double blind, placebo-controlled study. Twenty-eight patients received adjunctive aripiprazole treatment and twenty-eight patients received placebo while being maintained on haloperidol treatment. Aripiprazole was dosed at 15 mg/day for the first 4 weeks, and then 30 mg for the next 4 weeks. The haloperidol dose remained fixed throughout the study. Plasma concentrations of haloperidol and aripiprazole were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) at baseline, week 1, 2, 4 and 8. $^*1$, $^*5$, and $^*10$ B alleles of CYP2D6 and $^*1$ and $^*3$ alleles of CYP3A5 were determined. The Student's T-test, Pearson's Chi-square test, Wilcoxon Rank Sum test and Logistic Regression analysis were used for data analysis. All tests were two-tailed and significance was defined as an alpha < 0.05. Results In the frequency of CYP2D6 genotype, $^*1/^*10$ B type was most frequent (36.5%) and $^*1/^*1$ (30.8%), $^*10B/^*10B$ (17.3%) types followed. In the frequency of CYP3A5 genotype, $^*3/^*3$ type was found in 63.5% of subjects, and $^*1/^*3$ type and $^*1/^*1$ were 30.8% and 5.8% respectively. The plasma levels of haloperidol and its metabolites did not demonstrate significant time effects and time-group interactions after adjunctive treatment of aripiprazole. The genotypes of CYP2D6 and 3A5 did not affect the plasma concentration of haloperidol in this trial. No serious adverse event was found after adding aripiprazole to haloperidol. Conclusion No significant drug interaction was found between haloperidol and aripiprazole. Genotypes of CYP2D6 and 3A5 did not affect the concentration of haloperidol after adding aripiprazole.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.15-39
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• 2007

Mobile games have emerged as the most innovative entertainment technology, adding new revenue streams, taking advantage of the potential of wireless applications and service offerings. Mobile games, like any other types of computer game, offer a unique value for users in providing an exciting digital experience in virtual worlds. In this paper, we attempt to investigate the demographic factors which play critical roles in determining the level of playing times; classify mobile gamers based on their motives for playing games; and empirically test differences in their demographic factors and mobile game usage. Statistical results show that significant differences in playing times exist, depending upon their age, gender, mobile device, mobile phone usage, mobile game experiences, and preferred games genres. Applying Factor analysis, we have identified Escape, Social interaction, Challenge and Competition, Fantasy, Diversion and Relaxation, Ease of Accessibility as key motivators for playing mobile games. Additional cluster analysis shows that the categorization of gamers, according to their usage habits and the key motivators for playing, can be made as follows: Multi-gamers, Communication-focused gamers and Mobile active-gamers. Further correlation of these grouping with socio-economic data shows the significant differences in gaming habits and patterns of mobile phone use.