• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.3389-3394
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• 2011

Isomeric trimethylbenzyl radicals were generated and vibronically excited from precursor 1,2,3,5-tetramethylbenzene, isodurene, with a large amount inert carrier gas helium in a corona excited supersonic expansion (CESE) using a pinhole-type glass nozzle. A long-path monochromator was used to record the visible vibronic emission spectra of the jet-cooled benzyl-type radicals in the $D_1{\rightarrow}D_0$ electronic transition. From the analysis of the spectra, we identified the evidence of the presence of three isomeric trimethylbenzyl radicals in the corona discharge, and obtained the electronic energy and a few vibrational mode frequencies in the ground electronic state for each isomer.

• 전자공학회논문지A
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• 제31A권6호
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• pp.199-208
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• 1994

This paper proposes a delay fault test technique for ICs and PCBs with the boundary-scan architectures supporting ANSI/IEEE Std 1149.1-1990. The hybrid delay fault model, which comprises both of gate delay faults and path delay faults, is selected. We developed a procedure for testing delay faults in the circuits with typical boundary scan cells supporting the standard. Analyzing it,we concluded that it is impractical because the test clock must be 2.5 times faster than the system clock with the cell architect-ures following up the state transition of the TAP controller and test instruction set. We modified the boundary-scan cell and developed test instructions and the test procedure. The modified cell and the procedure need test clock two times slower than the system clock and support the ANSI/IEEE standard perfectly. A 4-bit ALU is selected for the circuits under test. and delay tests are simulated by the SILOS simulator. The simulation results ascertain the accurate operation and effectiveeness of the modified mechanism.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.365-370
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• 2001

선형 TPMACA로부터 유도되는 여원 CA중 여원벡터가 0이 아닌 attractor인 경우의 여원 CA의 행동들을 분석하고, 선형 TPMACA의 0-트리의 한 개의 기본 경로를 이용하여 여원 CA의 상태전이그래프를 구성하는 알고리즘을 제안한다.

• 세라미스트
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.416-426
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• 2018

Water splitting is regarded as one of the most environmentally benign routes for hydrogen production. Nevertheless, the low energy efficiency to produce the hydrogen has been a critical bottleneck, which is attributable to the multi-electron and multi-step reactions during water splitting reaction. In this respect, the development of efficient, durable, and inexpensive catalysts that can promote the reaction is indispensable. Extensive searching for new catalysts has been carried out for past decades, identifying several promising catalysts. Recently, researchers have found that conventional battery materials; particularly high-voltage intercalation-based cathode materials, could exhibit remarkable performance in catalyzing the water splitting process. One of the unique capabilities in this class of materials is that the valency state of metals and the atomic arrangement of the structure can be easily tailored, based on simple intercalation chemistry. Moreover, taking advantage of the rich prior knowledge on the intercalation compounds can offer the unexplored path to identify new water splitting catalysts.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.213-221
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• 2009

An aircraft collision accident is a disaster that causes great losses of inventories and lives. Though a collision avoidance warning function is provided automatically to pilots in the aircrafts by the enhancement of the aircraft capability, achieving fast decision-making to escape a collision situation is a complex and dangerous work for pilots. If an in-flight collision situation is controlled by the air traffic control system which monitors all airplanes in the air, it would be more efficient to prevent in-flight collisions because it can handle the emergency before the pilot's action. In this paper, we develop the collision avoidance warning function in the air traffic control system. Specifically, we design and implement the five stages of the collision avoidance function, and propose a visualization method which could effectively provide the operators with the trajectories and altitudes of the aircrafts in a collision situation. By developing an in-flight collision warning function in the air traffic control system that visualizes flight patterns through the state transition data of in-flight aircrafts on the flight path lines, it can effectively prevent in-flight collisions with traffic alerts. The developed function allows operators to effectively select and control the aircraft in a collision situation by providing the operators with the expected collision time, the relative distance, and the relative altitude while assessing the level of alert, and visualizing the alert information which includes the Attention-Warning-Alert phase via embodying the TCAS standard. With the developed function the air traffic control system could sense an in-flight collision situation before the pilot's decision-making moment.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.190-196
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• 2004

제 2세대 및 제 3세대 이동 통신의 오류정정코드 기능으로 사용되는 비터비 복호기 알고리즘은 많은 연산량을 차지하고 구속장의 길이 K가 표준에 따라 다르므로, 소프트웨어 라디오와 같은 응용을 위해서는 비터비 알고리즘을 효율적으로 처리 할 수 있는 하드웨어 구조의 개발이 필요하다. IS-95와 GSM 표준의 경우, 비터비 알고리즘은 K=7이며 WCDMA와 CDMA2000의 경우 K=9가 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 비터비 복호과정에서 필요한 상태천이 경로를 감소시켜 K=3~9 범위의 구속장과 1/2~1/3 범위의 데이터율까지 복호 할 수 있는 적응 비터비 복호기의 하드웨어 구조를 제안한다. Altera Cyclone EP1C20F400C8 디바이스를 타겟으로 프로토타이핑한 결과, 제안된 하드웨어 구조는 최대19,276의 로직 엘리먼트와 최대222.6mw의 소비전력이 필요함을 확인하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.1036-1057
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• 2013

Wireless body area network (WBAN) is a promising candidate for future health monitoring system. Nevertheless, the path to mature solutions is still facing a lot of challenges that need to be overcome. Energy efficient scheduling is one of these challenges given the scarcity of available energy of biosensors and the lack of portability. Therefore, researchers from academia, industry and health sectors are working together to realize practical solutions for these challenges. The main difficulty in WBAN is the uncertainty in the state of the monitored system. Intelligent learning approaches such as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) were proposed to tackle this issue. A Markov Decision Process (MDP) is a form of Markov Chain in which the transition matrix depends on the action taken by the decision maker (agent) at each time step. The agent receives a reward, which depends on the action and the state. The goal is to find a function, called a policy, which specifies which action to take in each state, so as to maximize some utility functions (e.g., the mean or expected discounted sum) of the sequence of rewards. A partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDP) is a generalization of Markov decision processes that allows for the incomplete information regarding the state of the system. In this case, the state is not visible to the agent. This has many applications in operations research and artificial intelligence. Due to incomplete knowledge of the system, this uncertainty makes formulating and solving POMDP models mathematically complex and computationally expensive. Limited progress has been made in terms of applying POMPD to real applications. In this paper, we surveyed the existing methods and algorithms for solving POMDP in the general domain and in particular in Wireless body area network (WBAN). In addition, the papers discussed recent real implementation of POMDP on practical problems of WBAN. We believe that this work will provide valuable insights for the newcomers who would like to pursue related research in the domain of WBAN.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.301-310
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• 1988

Dioxane/water (50 : 50, v/v) 용매 중에서 N-(5-phenyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-N'-arylformamidine의 mononuclear heterocyclic rearrangement반응에 대한 속도를 분광광도법으로 측정하였다. pH에 따라 두가지의 다른 반응경로, 즉 pH에 무관한 경로와 pH에 의존하는 경로가 있음을 알았다. pH에 무관한 경로에서는 치환기효과를 IYT식으로 해석한 결과 질소-질소 결합의 형성이 우세하지만 질소-수소 결합도 약간 절단된 전이상태를 가진다고 결론지을 수 있었다. 한편 pH에 의존하는 경로에서는 위로 오목한 Hammett plot를 나타냈으며, 이는 전이상태에서 전자를 미는 치환기의 경우에는 질소-질소 결합의 형성이 질소-수소 결합의 절단보다 진전되어 있고 전자를 당기는 치환기의 경우에는 질소-수소 결합의 절단이 질소-질소 결합의 형성보다는 약간 더 진전되어 있기 때문으로 결론지을 수 있었다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.91-103
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• 2009

암호알고리즘 및 암호함수를 하드웨어적 또는 소프트웨어적으로 구현한 암호모듈을 암호모듈검증체계 (Cryptographic Module Validation Program, CMVP) 내에서 시험 (또는 인증, 검증)을 받기 위해서는 암호모듈에 대한 유한상태모델(Finite State Model, FSM) 이 개발되고 제공되어야한다. 그러나 FSM을 체계적으로 모델링하고 분석하는 지침은 개발자와 시험자의 경험이므로 잘 알려져 있지 않다. 본 연구에서는 CMVP내에서 암호모듈의 검증을 위해 요구되는 FSM의 모델링, 분석지침, 천이시험경로 생성알고리즘을 제시하고 모델링도구인 CM-Statecharter를 개발하였다. FSM은 UML 2.0의 상태도를 이용해 모델링한다. 상태도는 FSM의 부족한 점 을 보완하고 암호모듈의 FSM을 정형적이고 쉽게 명세할 수 있는 모델이다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제55권6호
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• pp.297-301
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• 2006

In the present work, we investigate the characteristics of new composition material, chalcogenide $Ge_1Se_1Te_2$ material in order to overcome the problems of conventional PRAM devices. The Tc of $Ge_1Se_1Te_2$ bulk was measured $231.503^{\circ}C$ with DSC analysis. For static DC test mode, at low voltage, two different resistances are observed. depending on the crystalline state of the phase-change resistor. In the first sweep, the as-deposited amorphous $Ge_1Se_1Te_2$ showed very high resistance. However when it reached the threshold voltage(about 11.8 V), the electrical resistance of device was drastically reduced through the formation of an electrically conducting path. The phase transition between the low conductive amorphous state and the high conductive crystal]me state was caused by the set and reset pulses respectively which fed through electrical signal. Set pulse has 4.3 V. 200 ns. then sample resistance is $80\sim100{\Omega}$. Reset pulse has 8.6 V 80 ns, then the sample resistance is $50{\sim}100K{\Omega}$. For such high resistance ratio of $R_{reset}/R_{set}$, we can expect high sensing margin reading the recorded data. We have confirmed that phase change properties of $Ge_1Se_1Te_2$ materials are closely related with the structure through the experiment of self-heating layers.