• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.122-127
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to introduce the standard of the durability and evaluation method for paper shredder. The major evaluation criteria include shredding capability, shredding blade (or cutter) hardness and edge roughness, and durability. Due to the difficulties in assessing the durability directly, performance deterioration of the shredder was assessed by measuring the torque variation along with the variation in shredded chip size and load, thereby proposing the indirect method of assessing the paper shredder durability.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2017.05a
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• pp.200-201
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• 2017

Generally, a lot of reinforcements are used in nuclear power plant concrete structures, and it may cause several potential problems when concrete is poured. Because of the congestion caused by hooked bars, embedded materials, and other reinforcements, it is too difficult to pour concrete into structural member joint area. The purpose of this study is to change ACI 349 Code for using the large-size(57mm) and high-strength(Gr.80) headed deformed bars instead of standard hooked bars in nuclear power plant concrete structures in order to solve the congestion problems.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.99-100
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• 2018

Because of the congestion problems, the high-strength reinforcements are expected to be used in nuclear power plant structures in the near future. According to ACI 349-13, it is permitted to use the high-strength(550MPa) hooked bars in design of development length, but there is no special equation for high-strength bars. In order to reflect the anchorage capacity and behavior properties of high-strength bars with large-diameter(43 & 57mm), it is necessary to develope the new development length equation for large-size and high-strength bars.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.08a
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• pp.257-261
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• 2008

The Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) system is a digital broadcasting standard designed for use in the LF, MF and HF bands of the broadcasting bands below 30 MHz. The system provides both superior audio quality and improved user services / operability compared with existing AM transmissions. In this paper, we propose a variable point Prime Factor FFT design method for Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) system. Proposed method processes a various size IFFT/FFT of Robustness Mode on DRM standard efficiently by composing Radix-Prime Factor FFT Processing Unit of form similar to Radix-4 by insertion of a variable Prime Factor Twiddle Factor and Garbage data. So, we improved limitation that cannot process 112/176/256/288 FFT of each mode of DRM system with a existent Radix Processor and increase memory size and memory access time for IFFT/FFT processing by software processing in case of implementation with a existent high speed DSP.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2022.04a
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• pp.105-106
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• 2022

In this study, the classification, particle size, physical properties, and harmful substance contents of aggregates were compared in the standards between Korea and China. As a result of the analysis, although Korea and China are geographically adjacent from a global perspective, there are many differences in standards. In other words, it is analyzed that the standard was set due to the influence of the United States and Japan in Korea, while the standard was set due to the influence of Europe and Russia in China.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.8
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• pp.183-207
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• 1981

Library standards have been the source of considerable controversy, whereas many problems are involved in developing stardard for university library collections. For evaluation purposes, standards should be precise, quantifiable and measurable. In the United States, however, standards for academic libraries are limited to qualitative statements and principles. Quantitative standards, when given, are ususally related to the number of population in the institution being served, or the prescribed quantitative objectives are often arbitrarily formulated by value judgements. The study in this paper attempts to explain the problems involved in developing quantitative standard for academic library collections. Two problems facing in the formulation of the optimal size of collection are identified. One is the theoretically faulty concept of adequacy of collection to meet the situations of diversity of university libraies, and the other is the difficulties in quantification and measurement, along with the lack of concept of adequacy of collection. However, quantification of adequate size of collection is proved to be useful on the pratical level, even though not valid theoretically. ACRL, Clapp/Jordan and Voigt developed formulas or models for setting the optimal size of a library collection for any particular university library. The main purpose of this study is the analysis of the above formulas. ACRL standard was drawn from obervation and analysis of statistcs in leading library collections. In academic field, this judgement appears to have been based on the assumption that a high-grade institution would be apt to have a good library collection. This study criticizes ACRL standard for its failure to include some determinants of measurements, and points out the limitations of the standard. In contrast. Clapp/Jordan developed a formula rather scientifically based upon bibliographical sources. This is similarly empirical but has the advantage of bringing into play the elements which make universities diverse in nature. Both ACRL and Clapp/Jordan formulas share two major defects. (1) the specific subject needs of the collection are not indiacted directly, and (2) percentage rate of growth is an indicator in measuring the potential utility of a collection. Thus both formulas failed to provide a basis for meaningful evaluation. Voigt further developed a model for determining acquisition rates for currently published materials based on bibliographic technique. Voigt model encourages experimentation with different programs and different allocations of input resources, designed to meet the needs of the library's particular population. Standard for university library collections can be formulated in terms of input(traditional indicator), or additionally, in terms of output(cost-effectiveness). Cost effectiveness is expressed as user satisfaction, ability to provide wanted materials within a reasonable time period. Thus simple quantitative method does not cover all the situations of diversity of university library collections, nor measures the effectiveness of collections. Valid standard could not be established without further research.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.89-100
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• 2022

The development of the Construction Production Rates System for appropriate construction cost calculation has recently come to the fore as a means of invigorating OSC based PC structure which currently needs institutional frameworks. PC structure based construction expenses consist of the factory-built assembly, transportation and on-site installation. Recently, in the field of transportation and site installation, research on product structure development is being conducted, such as presenting the standard product calculation system reflecting the results of field survey for each subsidiary materials (Lee et al., 2021). On the other hand, there is no ongoing research on estimating construction expenses of Factory-built assembly. This study suggests Construction Production Rates System which can be used for PC subsidiary materials based Factory-built assembly cost estimations. For the research, work types for the construction procedures have been categorized, and the standard input manpower suitable for the corresponding work characteristics has been derived from analyzing the associated Construction Standard Production Rates for each work type. Also, as the research referred PC subsidiary materials (such as columns, beams, walls, and slab, as well as on-site installation) and the standard number of workforce based on work types, one can calculate direct labor cost, using what the research shows. In addition, it suggests that the size of individual subsidiary materials be the extra cost factor, by using the characteristics that productivity changes depending on the size(m³) of subsidiary materials. It is expected that the research can contribute to objectively verifying factory-built assembly cost through of PC structure, which currently relies on estimates.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.203-208
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• 2008

The purpose of the study is to establish the concept of residential standard, and at the same time to investigate the area of the minimum residential standard in the countries of the world through the preceding studies. In addition, it also aims at establishing the objective residential standard by comparing the residential standard of Korea with that of foreign countries, examining the problems and finding out the matters to be improved through the comparison of the residential standard in advanced countries with the minimum residential standard of Korea. The standard residential area, derived from the process of examining the minimum residential standard, will be used as the basic material for the calculation of the reasonable area in the surface plan for the study of low-cost housing development. The method of the study is to establish the concept of residential standard and at the same time to find out the problems in the minimum residential standard of Korea and improvement methods through the comparison of the residential standards in other countries. As the result of the studies focused on the area among the residential standards, it is found out that the Korea's residential area per capita is established as the least in comparison with that of advanced countries. The real area decided depending on the size of social space suitable for living can play a role in improving the degree of satisfaction in the person's living in the residential area. Therefore, it is urgently necessary to make a depth study on the surface area of the minimum residential standard, and it is also required to propose the residential standard and directions for the improvement of the qualitative level rather the quantitative expansion of residential structures.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.432-439
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to investigate the processes for evaluating the allowable bending stress. The confidence levels and the size-adjustment in standards were reviewed with experimental data. The results show that, (1) KS F 2152 was more strict than others overseas standards due to the higher confidence level. The 5% NTL of bending strengths by a method in KS F 2152 were lower than the overseas standards and more specimens were required for evaluating the structural properties according to KS F 2152. (2) Due to the absence of size-adjustment method in domestic standards, the specified size and the exponential parameters on the size-adjustment equation were reviewed by size factors. The specified size (width: 286 mm, length: 6096 mm), and the exponential parameters (w: 0.29, l: 0.14) will be suitable for developing the allowable bending stress in domestic standard. (3) The size adjusted allowable bending stresses of No. 2 grade Korean pine were lower than the allowable stresses tabulated in KBC even though less strict method (75% confidence level) to calculate 5% value was used. The allowable stresses tabulated in KBC are needed to be reviewed by continuous experimental data.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2023

This study aims to identify the current sizing communication issues of menswear on retail websites and to suggest an effective size information presentation method. Based on sales frequency and awareness in the Korean menswear market, 22 brand websites were selected, and size-related information was investigated using 7 types of representative apparel items. The current diverse types of size codes had limitations in delivering actual product size information. Many websites preferred to display garment dimensions rather than basic body measurements, which is the suggested size designation method in Korean Standard. The websites posted fit model photos and customer reviews. However, the body size specifications, which consumers can use as a useful reference, were often omitted. There was also a high uncertainty in product size selection, with only the basic body measurement information listed, and there was a high deviation of garment dimensions within the same basic body measurements. The product size distribution did not match actual Korean body types. Based on the findings, we suggested improved effective sizing communication methods. These methods will contribute to a better online shopping environment for both consumers and retail sellers.