• PNF and Movement
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.311-316
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• 2017

Purpose: Flatfeet are one of the risk factors of foot dysfunction and postural imbalance. The purpose of this study was to compare the limitation of stability (LOS) for the center of gravity (COG) between flatfeet and neutral feet on stable and unstable support surfaces. Methods: The study included 26 healthy, adult male participants: 14 with normal feet and 12 with flatfeet. The subjects were asked to incline the trunk maximumly to the left, right, anterior, and posterior directions and were asked to keep their feet on the floor with the knee extension. The subjects had 30 seconds of rest time between the tasks. The LOS (anterior, posterior, left, right) of COG was measured by Balance Trainer (BT4, Hur-labs, Tampere, Finland). An independent t- test was used to compare the LOS of COG between flatfeet and normal feet on stable and unstable support surfaces, respectively. Results: The LOS of the flatfeet group was generally decreased on stable support surfaces as compared to that of neutral feet, but it was not significantly different (p>0.05), while the LOS of the flatfeet group was significantly decreased compared to that of neutral feet on unstable support surfaces (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggested that the LOS of individuals with flatfeet may be decreased on unstable support surfaces and the postural balance of the flatfeet group may easily be disturbed on an unstable support surface.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2009

Purpose: This study examined that effect of a change in balance index on ankle Kinesio taping, muscle strength exercises and taping after muscle strength exercises in 30 healthy adult subjects. Methods: The Sway Index of the left, right, front and back on stable, toes up and linear were compared using a Balance System, a balance experimental instrument. Results: The pre and post experimental balance index regarding stable, toes up, and linear were taken for the Kinesio taping group, lower extremities muscle strengthening group, and muscle strengthening with the Kinesio taping group. Statistically significant decreases were observed in all variables except for the left and right pre and post experiment results under stable conditions. Conclusion: The balance index of exercise with taping was lower than that of exercise only. There is a need for objective research on the long-term applications and post-exercise. The body balance appears to be influenced by ankle stabilization using taping.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.307-315
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• 2007

We study crossed products of the free group and semigroup $C^*-algebras$ by actions of ${\mathbb{R}$, i.e., flows, and estimate and compute their stable rank.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.63-68
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• 2013

Background: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of unstable bridge exercise on the posture of female university students. Methods: The subjects of this study were 30 female university students who were equally and randomly allocated to a unstable bridge exercise group, an experimental group, and a stable bridge exercise group, a control group. Both did so for 30 minutes three times per week over a six-week period. Using BackMapper, their trunk inclination (TIN), trunk imbalance (TIM), pelvic position (PPO), pelvic torsion (PTO), pelvic rotation (PRO), and the position of their scapulae (PSA) were evaluated. Results: The unstable bridge exercise group obtained significant results in TIN, TIM, PPO, PTO and PSA, while the stable bridge exercise group obtained significant results in TIN, PPO. Conclusion: unstable bridge exercise may be applied as a method to correct the posture of average adults.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.30-39
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• 2000

The purpose of this study were to 1) identify types and levels of production environments, 2) classify apparel manufacturers based on production environments and 3) investigate relationship between characteristics of apparel manufacturers and production environment. Apparel manufacturer's characteristics included product line and the number of employees. For this study, the questionnaires were administered to 215 apparel manufacturers in seoul and Kyung-gi region from Feb. to Mar. 1998. Employing a sample of 201, data were analyzed by factor analysis, descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, cluster analysis, discriminant Analysis, and multivariate analysis of variance. The following are the results of this study : 1. The production environment was identified as three types such as complexity of product environment, uncertainty of demand/supply environment and uncertainty of worker environment. 2. Based on three types of the production environment, apparel manufacturers were classified into stable group, uncertain group and complicated group. 3. With respect to product line, men's wear manufacturers were lied the most high complexity of product environment, casual wear and knit wear were lied the most frequently uncertainty of worker environment. With respect to the number employees, apparel manufacturers comprising 50∼99 employees were lied the most high complexity of product environment, while those comprising 100∼299 employees the most high demand/supply environment.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.74-79
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• 2015

Objective: Treatment with sulfonylureas in combination with metformin improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but is associated with hypoglycemia and weight gain. This retrospective study aims to compare the effectiveness of dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and sulfonylureas as an add-on therapy to metformin in patients with T2DM. Methods: Data from medical records of 355 T2DM patients received therapy either DPP-4 inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitor group) or sulfonylurea (SU group) in combination with metformin from 1 March 2009 to 30 September 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Of total 355 patients, 231 patients were in DPP-4 inhibitor group and 124 patients were in SU group. Baseline Hemoglobin $A_{1c}$ ($HbA_{1c}$) level in SU group was higher than DPP-4 inhibitor group with a statistically significant difference (8.6% vs. 7.8%). Comparative analysis between DPP-4 inhibitor group and SU group was performed for $HbA_{1c}$ values, amounts of $HbA_{1c}$ changes, and rates of $HbA_{1c}$ changes from baseline at 6-month intervals and incidence rates of major cardiocerebral events. Results: SU group showed larger $HbA_{1c}$ changes in both amounts and rates compared to DPP-4 inhibitor group, although statistical significance was not found in all study periods. Proportions of patients with stable $HbA_{1c}$ <6.5% or 7% were significantly higher in DPP-4 inhibitor group than SU group (<6.5%: 30.4% vs. 13.4%, <7%: 72.3% vs. 41.2%). Time to achieve stable $HbA_{1c}$ <6.5% was not significantly different, but time to achieve stable $HbA_{1c}$ <7% was shorter in DPP4 inhibitor group than SU group with a significant difference. The incidence rate of cardiocerebral events in group of patients with or without previous events was 1.7%, not significantly lower than that in DPP-4 inhibitor group (4.0%). For newly encountered cardiocerebral events during the treatment, incidence rates of two groups did not differ significantly. Conclusion: DPP-4 inhibitors were as effective as sulfonylureas in achieving the $HbA_{1c}$ goal of less than 6.5% or 7% and cardiocerebral event rates did not differ between the two drugs.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.109-114
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• 1989

This paper deals with the classifying spaces of finite groups. To any finite group G we associate a space BG with the property that .pi.$_{1}$(BG)=G, .pi.$_{i}$ (BG)=0 for i>1. BG is called the classifying space of G. Consider the problem of finding a stable splitting BG= $X_{1}$$^{V}$ $X_{1}$$^{V}$..$^{V}$ $X_{n}$ localized at pp. Ideally the $X_{i}$ 's are indecomposable, thus displaying the homotopy type of BG in the simplest terms. Such a decomposition naturally splits $H^{*}$(BG). The main purpose of this paper is to give the classification theorem in stable homotopy theory for groups with periodic cohomology i.e. cyclic Sylow p-subgroups for p an odd prime and to calculate some universal stable element. In this paper, all cohomology groups are with Z/p-coefficients and p is an odd prime.prime.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2002

In this paper, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions for an exchange ring R to satisfy the n-stable range condition. It is shown that an exchange ring R satisfies the n-stable range condition if and only if for any regular a $\in$ R$^n$, there exists a unimodular u $\in$$^n$ R such that au $\in$ R is a group member, and if and only if whenever a$\simeq$$_n$b with a $\in$ R, b $\in$ M$_n$(R), there exist u $\in$ R$^n$, v $\in$$^n$ R such that a = ubv with uv = 1. As an application, we observe that exchange rings satisfying the n-stable range condition can be characterized by Drazin inverses. These also give nontrivial generalizations of [7, Theorem 10], [13, Theorem 10], [15, Theorem] and [16, Theorem. 2A].

• 대한화학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2010

분자 내 수소결합 가능성을 가지고 있는 2-fluorocyclopropanemethanol과 2-chlorocyclopropanemethanol에 대하여 MP2/6-311++G(d,p) 방법과 B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) 방법으로 최적화 계산을 수행하였다. 두 분자 모두 가장 안정한 conformer에서 O-H의 수소가 F나 Cl을 향하고 있어 수소결합 가능성을 보이기는 하나 $H{\cdots}F$, $H{\cdots}Cl$ 거리가 van der Waals radii보다 커서 강한 수소결합이라 보기 힘들고 두 번째 안정한 conformer의 경우가 가까운 $H{\cdots}F$, $H{\cdots}Cl$ 거리를 보이며 더 강한 수소결합 가능성을 보였다. 그러나 에너지가 5 ~ 7 kJ 더 높게 나타났다. Methanol group과 F나 Cl이 서로 반대 방향을 향할 때 일반적으로 안정하나 앞의 가장 안정한 conformer보다는 에너지가 높다.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제58권2호
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• pp.439-449
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• 2021

In this paper, we introduce the notions of expansiveness, shadowing property and topological stability for group actions on metric spaces and give a version of Walters's stability theorem for group actions on locally compact metric spaces. Moreover, we show that if G is a finitely generated virtually nilpotent group and there exists g ∈ G such that if Tg is expansive and has the shadowing property, then T is topologically stable.