• Proceedings of the Korea Inteligent Information System Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.255-263
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• 2003

A multi-agent system designed to represent newly deregulated electricity markets in the USA is aimed at testing the capability of the multi-agent model to replicate the observed price behavior in the wholesale market and developing a smart business intelligence which quickly searches the optimum offer strategy responding to the change in market environments. Simulation results show that the optimum offer strategy is to withhold expensive generating units and submit relatively low offers when demand is low, regardless of firm size; the optimum offer strategy during a period of high demand is either to withhold capacity or speculate for a large firm, while it is to be a price taker a small firm: all in all, the offer pattern observed in the market is close to the optimum strategy. From the firm's perspective, the demand-side participation as well as the intense competition dramatically reduces the chance of high excess profit.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2012

The traditional market in the nation was forced to decrease greatly users as well as sales because of opening of all of the markets, Internet shopping mall, home shopping and other new types of marketing businesses to lose market functions remarkably. Therefore, the Agency for Traditional Market Administration of Small & Medium Business Administration made efforts to develop traditional market, for instance, modernization of the facilities to improve physical environment, and improvement of each shop by using VMD, and so on. The purpose of the study was to examine efficiency of VMD shops for development of traditional market by the Agency for Traditional Market Administration and effects of VMD upon sales of each shop, and to help establish VMD strategies for customer satisfactions as well as visual environment of traditional market. The author visited five shops at Busan Jin Market, special market of articles for wedding ceremony that joined VMD shop guide of traditional market, and taught VMD on-the-spot and investigated it. Questionnaire of Agency for Traditional Market Administration was used to interview shop owners, shopkeepers and consumers, etc and to examine factors of changes of sales and customers' satisfactions before and after VMD. The purpose of the study was to investigate effects and satisfactions of increase of the sales of VMD shop guide that the government promoted to develop traditional market so far. Therefore, the author investigated VMD presentation, increase of the sales before and after VMD presentation, increase of number of customers, and satisfactions, etc of Korean clothes shops that joined improvement of VMD shop guide of traditional market of the government in 2010. The author investigated effects of the sales, increase of customers and satisfactions, etc by case study and empirical analysis, and she presented user-oriented VMD presentation techniques of traditional market and suggested improvement. After applying VMD, the shops could increase sales more than 20 percent in average, and satisfaction of VMD presentation was more than 88 points or more to be very much high. This study suggested VMD strategies and presentation of traditional market to give consumers affirmative visual images and to develop traditional market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2003

This study aims to discuss the characteristics on marketing distribution of landscape materials after consideration in the side of cognition on the present condition of marketing which is important factors for analysis in understanding the market of landscape materials. To do this, the investigation of marketing distribution are to collect data refer to purchases and sales reports and questionnaires, these results are used to analyzed the operative factor of forming market structure and problematic, improvement spot of marketing distribution. The periodic range of this paper is limited on 609 landscape materials and examination was performed from 21.Feb. to 15.Mar, in 2002. The results of the whole prices trends and marketing distribution survey can be summarized as follows : 1. Differences of cognition on marketing distribution among four group toward problematic spot on product and marketing of landscape materials was summarized as follows : 1) Group of landscape design : Interest of government, Various articles. 2) Group of landscape construction : Communication of marketing information, Role of intermediary ecc. 3) Group of landscape materials and cooperation between company and university : Interest of government ecc, 2. Differences of cognition on marketing distribution among four group toward improvemental spot on product and marketing of landscape materials was summarized as follows : 1) Group of landscape design and construction : Network of marketing distribution on landscape materials, Criterion of articles, Quality adiministration through establishment of sale level ecc.. 2) Group of landscape materials : Employment of specialist education program ecc.. 3) Group of cooperation between company and university : Conscious reformation of comsumer ecc.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.47-52
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• 2006

The cultural grounds of laver has been surveyed using SPOT-5 satellite images to calculate the facilities of laver cultivation area in the coastal waters of Korea 10m resolution multispectral images of SPOT-5 are adopted for the south area of Daebu Island, Hwaseong city to develop an automatic detection approach of laver nets that consists of the following: band difference technique, canny edge detector and morphological analysis. The satellite-based facilities number was relatively high as compared with the licensed number in 2005, 676,749 chaek and 572,745 chaek(柵, unit of measure for laver farm), respectively. The data could be applied to achieve a good harvest for laver seaweed growers and to control its national production keeping a stable market price for the government body.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.48-55
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• 2022

The color image of the brand comes first and is an important visual element that leads consumers to the consumption of the product. To express more effectively what the brand wants to convey through design, the printing market is striving to print accurate colors that match the intention. In 'offset printing' mainly used in printing, colors are often printed in CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Key) colors. However, it is possible to print more accurate colors by making ink of the desired color instead of dotting CMYK colors. The resulting ink is called 'spot color' ink. Spot color ink is manufactured by repeating the process of mixing the existing inks. In this repetition of trial and error, the manufacturing cost of ink increases, resulting in economic loss, and environmental pollution is caused by wasted inks. In this study, a deep learning algorithm to predict printed spot colors was designed to solve this problem. The algorithm uses a single DNN (Deep Neural Network) model to predict printed spot colors based on the information of the paper and the proportions of inks to mix. More than 8,000 spot color ink data were used for learning, and all color was quantified by dividing the visible light wavelength range into 31 sections and the reflectance for each section. The proposed algorithm predicted more than 80% of spot color inks as very similar colors. The average value of the calculated difference between the actual color and the predicted color through 'Delta E' provided by CIE is 5.29. It is known that when Delta E is less than 10, it is difficult to distinguish the difference in printed color with the naked eye. The algorithm of this study has a more accurate prediction ability than previous studies, and it can be added flexibly even when new inks are added. This can be usefully used in real industrial sites, and it will reduce the attempts of the operator by checking the color of ink in a virtual environment. This will reduce the manufacturing cost of spot color inks and lead to improved working conditions for workers. In addition, it is expected to contribute to solving the environmental pollution problem by reducing unnecessarily wasted ink.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.201-220
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• 2005

Recently, we have been witnessing new records of crude oil price hikes. One question which naturally arises would be the possibility and accuracy of forecasting crude oil prices. This study tries to answer the relative predictability of futures prices compared to the forecasts based on experts system. Using WTI crude oil spot and futures prices, this study performs simple statistical comparisons in forecasting accuracy and a formal test of differences in forecasting errors. According to statistical results, WTI crude oil futures market turns out to be equally efficient relative to EIA experts system. Consequently, WTI crude oil futures market could be utilized as a market-based tool for price forecasting and/or resource allocation for both of petroleum producers and consumers.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.417-440
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• 2004

For the behavior of the wholesale spot price, a regime switching model with time-varying transition probabilities was estimated using the data from the PJM (Pennsylvania-New Jersey-Maryland) market. By including the temperature as an explanatory variable in the transition probability equations, the threshold effect of changing regime is clearly enhanced. And hence the predictability of the price spikes was improved. This means that the model showed a very clear threshold effect, with a low probability of switching for low loads and low temperatures and a high probability for high loads and high temperatures. And temperature showed a clearer threshold effect than load does. This implies that weather-related contracts may help to hedge against the risk in the cost of buying electricity during a summer.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.72-77
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• 2012

Recently, according to the increase of income and development of quality of life, the leisure industry has been developed. In particular, the interest of design and manufacture technology of leisure yacht has significantly increased. However, domestic market of leisure ships is currently in its initiating stage. So research and development for structural strength of leisure yacht need to be investigated. In this study, lug of yacht's mast which is known for a critical damage region is explicitly considered. This paper deals with the estimation of stress concentration factors (SCFs) for lug of yacht's mast depending on dimensions of lug using hot spot stress. Also, SCF formulae is suggested using parametric study.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 2002

The variations of real time electric price in competitive electricity markets have influence on electric power demands of the consumers. Residential, commercial, and industrial consumers with different characteristics cause the different price elasticity of the demand due to changing the pattern of consumption. Therefore, this paper analyze the effects of spot pricing for the change of the electric power demand based on the demand elasticity of each loads in competitive electricity market.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.524-526
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• 2001

The variations of real time electric price in competitive electricity markets have influence on electric power demands of the consumers. Residential, commercial, and industrial consumers, with different characteristics cause the different price elasticity of the demand due to changing the pattern of consumption. Therefore, this paper calculate the elasticity of each loads and analysis the effects of electric power demands and spot pricing as a function of elasticity in competitive electricity market.