• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.02a
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• pp.179-182
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• 1996

This thesis compares the duration aspect of Daegu tongue with that of standard Korean. In the former study on the rhythm of standard Korean, one of the purposes of the study was to compare it with dialects. This thesis is the first attempt In do that. For this purpose, this thesis proceeds as follows. After Introduction, Chapter 2 surveys the former study, Chapter 3 deals with the materials, method and results of the experiment. Chapter 4 analyzes and interprets the results of the experiment. In Conclusion, the most prominent fact is that the results of the experiment fall short of Daegu tongue speakers' expectations. Daegu tongue is generally considered as ' tone language. ' And as Daegu tongue speakers sensitively recognize pitch, they think that they quitckly say the syllables between the pitch stressed syllables, whereas standard Korean speakers say those syllables relatively slowly. But in this experiment, which deals with only duration ignoring pitch, their assumption is proved to be false.

• MALSORI
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• no.27_28
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• pp.89-109
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• 1994

This thesis compares the duration aspect of the Daegu tongue with that of standard Korean. In the former study on the rhythm of standard Korean, one of the purposes of the study was to compare it with dialects. This thesis is the first attempt to do that. For this purpose, this thesis proceeds as follows. After Introduction, Chapter 2 surveys the former study. Chapter 3 deals with the materials, method and results of the experiment. Chapter 4 analyzes and interprets the results of the experiment, In Conclusion, the most Prominent fact is that the results of the experiment fall short of Daegu tongue speakers' expectations. The Daegu tongue is generally considered as a 'tone language.' And as Daegu tongue speakers sensitively recognize pitch, they think that they quickly say the syllables between the Pitch stressed syllables, whereas standard Korean speakers say those syllables relatively slowly, But in this experiment, which deals with only duration ignoring Pitch, their assumption is proved to be false.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.379-383
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• 1996

This paper compares the duration aspect of Daegu tongue with that of standard Korean. In the former study on the rhythm of standard Korean, one of the purposes of the study was to compare it with dialects. This paper is the first attempt to do that. For this purpose, this paper proceeds as follows. After Introduction, Chapter 2 surveys the former study. Chapter 3 deals with the materials, method and results of the experiment. Chapter 4 analyzes and interprets the results of the experiment. In Conclusion, the most prominent fact is that the results of the experiment fall short of Daegu tongue speakers' expectations. Daegu tongue is generally considered as "tone language." And as Daegu tongue speakers sensitively recognize pitch, they think that they quitckly say the syllables between the pitch stressed syllables, whereas standard Korean speakers say those syllables relatively slowly. But in this experiment, which deals with only duration ignoring pitch, their assumption is proved to be false.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2000.07a
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• pp.117-134
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• 2000

Kim, Key-Seop(2000). English Restructuring and A Use of Music in Teaching English Pronunciation. JSEP 2000 voU This study has two-fold aims: one is to clarify the restructuring of English in utterance, and the other is to relate it to teaching English pronunciation for listening and speaking with a use of music and song by suggesting a model of 10-15 minute pronunciation class syllabus for every period in class. Generally, English utterances are restructured by stress-timed rhythm, irrespective of syntactic boundaries. So the rhythmic units are arranged in isochronous groups, of which the making is to attach clitic(s) to a host or head often leftwards and sometimes rightwards, which results in linking, contraction, reduction, sound change and rhythm adjustment in utterance, just as in music and song. With English restructuring focused on, a model of English pronunciation class syllabus is proposed to be put forward in class for every period of a lesson or unit. It tries to relate the focused factor(s) in pronunciation to the integrated, with teaching techniques and music made use of.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.405-414
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• 2007

This paper describes a preliminary work on prosody modeling aspect of a text-to-speech system for Thai. Specifically, the model is designed to predict symbolic markers from text (i.e., prosodic phrase boundaries, accent, and intonation boundaries), and then using these markers to generate pitch, intensity, and durational patterns for the synthesis module of the system. In this paper, a novel method for annotating the prosodic structure of Thai sentences based on dependency representation of syntax is presented. The goal of the annotation process is to predict from text the rhythm of the input sentence when spoken according to its intended meaning. The encoding of the prosodic structure is established by minimizing speech disrhythmy while maintaining the congruency with syntax. That is, each word in the sentence is assigned a prosodic feature called strength dynamic which is based on the dependency representation of syntax. The strength dynamics assigned are then used to obtain rhythmic groupings in terms of a phonological unit called foot. Finally, the foot structure is used to predict the durational pattern of the input sentence. The aforementioned process has been tested on a set of ambiguous sentences, which represents various structural ambiguities involving five types of compounds in Thai.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.77-88
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• 2011

Foreign accent in second language production depends heavily on the transfer of features from the first language. This study examines acoustic variations in segments and suprasegments by native and nonnative speakers of English, searching for patterns of the transfer and plausible indexes of foreign accent in English. The acoustic variations are analyzed with recorded read speech by 20 native English speakers and 50 Korean learners of English, in terms of vowel formants, vowel duration, and syllabic variation induced by stress. The results show that the acoustic measurements of vowel formants and vowel and syllable durations display difference between native speakers and nonnative speakers. The difference is robust in the production of lax vowels, diphthongs, and stressed syllables, namely the English-specific features. L1 transfer on L2 specification is found both at the segmental levels and at the suprasegmental levels. The transfer levels measured as groups and individuals further show a continuum of divergence from the native-like target. Overall, the eldest group, students who are in the graduate schools, shows more native-like patterns, suggesting weaker foreign accent in English, whereas the high school students tend to involve larger deviation from the native speakers' patterns. Individual results show interdependence between segmental transfer and prosodic transfer, and correlation with self-reported proficiency levels. Additionally, experience factors in English such as length of English study and length of residence in English speaking countries are further discussed as factors to explain the acoustic variation.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.61-70
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• 2012

The current study observes the durational interaction of tautosyllabic consonants and vowels in the word-initial position of English and Korean child-directed speech (CDS). The effect of phonological laryngeal contrasts in stops on the following vowel duration, and the effect of the intrinsic vowel duration on the release duration of preceding stops in addition to the acoustic realization of the contrastive segments are explored in different prosodic contexts - phrase-initial/medial, focal accented/non-focused - in a marked speech style of CDS. A trade-off relationship between Voice Onset Time (VOT), as consonant release duration, and voicing phonation time, as vowel duration, reported from adult-to-adult speech, and patterns of durational variability are investigated in CDS of two languages with different linguistic rhythms, under systematically controlled prosodic contexts. Speech data were collected from four native English mothers and four native Korean mothers who were talking to their one-word staged infants. In addition to the acoustic measurements, the transformed delta measure is employed as a variability index of individual tokens. Results confirm the durational correlation between prevocalic consonants and following vowels. The interaction is revealed in a compensatory pattern such as longer VOTs followed by shorter vowel durations in both languages. An asymmetry is found in CV interaction in that the effect of consonant on vowel duration is greater than the VOT differences induced by the vowel. Prosodic effects are found such that the acoustic difference is enhanced between the contrastive segments under focal accent, supporting the paradigmatic strengthening effect. Positional variation, however, does not show any systematic effects on the variations of the measured acoustic quantities. Overall vowel duration and syllable duration are longer in English tokens but involve less variability across the prosodic variations. The constancy of syllable duration, therefore, is not found to be more strongly sustained in Korean CDS. The stylistic variation is discussed in relation to the listener under linguistic development in CDS.

• MALSORI
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• no.41
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• pp.61-71
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• 2001

How to teach intelligible, communicative pronunciation is a continuous question in the English education. Without good input, we can not expect good output. However, in EFL situation, it is very difficult to input the good English pronunciation, therefore, we have to find out the efficient and effective material for teaching pronunciation. One of the materials is song, because songs contain the linguistic and cultural traits of the language. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the reason why songs are good for teaching pronunciation. Koreans, who are syllable timed language users, have difficulties in English pronunciation of stress, rhythm, consonants cluster, linking or blending in connected speech. The 134 songs from wee sing are analyzed for how these traits show in songs. The result shows that we can acquire the traits easily and naturally through songs. And a lesson plan is offered as an example for teaching songs.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.3-7
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• 2005

This research is for finding prototypes and characteristics of intonation found in ${\ulcorner}$-a/e, $t{\int}ijo$<${\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}$p/simnida${\lrcorner}$ among modern Korean predicate statements by constructing spoken corpus based on the current radio broadcast. So the result of the study is as follows. : (1) The construction of the balanced spoken corpus and the standard for boundary determination of rhythm are needed for the intonation model of speech synthesis. (2) Korean intonation units have the splited word tone which includes the nuclear tone and the pre-nuclear tone makes unclear tone more detailed. (3) I made man and woman intonation models individually through t-test of SPSS. (4) The standard intonation model is devided '-ajo'type and '-nida'type

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.498-502
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• 2006

Neurological impairment produces cognitive, communicational, physical, and social deficits. Music has the power to help stroke patients to regain speech and overcome other deficits. Rhythm and melody help to rehabilitate memory, muscles, breathing, etc. This article introduces how music therapy approaches stroke patients and helps them. It focuses particularly on speech; however, music affects not only one part of the body but the whole body. In cases in which music therapy is used, we can see how music helps with stroke patients and how to achieve these goals.