• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.615-621
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• 2000

대인공포증은 사람과의 대면을 무서워하여 그 상황을 회피하는 증상을 말한다. 이 공포증을 치료하기 위해서는 약물치료방법과 인지·행동 치료방법이 주로 사용되었다. 이런 기존의 방법들은 치료 효율이 떨어지며, 치료시 어려움이 있다는 단점을 가지고 있다. 최근에는 기존의 치료방법의 단점을 극복하기 위해 많은 연구에서 가상현실을 정신치료에 적용하고 있다. 가상환경은 환자에게 적절한 자극을 제공하여 환자로 하여금 공포감을 느끼도록 하고, 환자는 이러한 공포상황에 체계적으로 노출됨으로써 공포증을 극복할 수 있게 된다. 본 연구에서는 개인용 컴퓨터를 기반으로 가상 연설 시뮬레이터를 개발하여 대인공포증 치료에 이용하고자 한다. 가상 연설 시뮬레이터를 구성하기 위해 위치센서, 머리 부착형 디스플레이장치와 사운드 시스템을 사용하였고, 치료를 위한 가상환경은 가상청중 8명이 있는 세미나실을 배경으로 구성하였다. 또한 가상현실 정신치료에서 중요한 요소로 작용하는 몰입감을 높이기 위해 머리 부착형 디스플레이 장치에 위치센서를 부착함으로써 환자의 머리이동이 가상환경에 적용되도록 하였고, 여기에 삼차원 사운드를 적용함으로써 목소리나 박수소리 등 여러 가지 소리들이 사실적으로 느껴지도록 하였다. 또한 가상청중이 환자의 발표내용에 맞게 여러 가지 행동과 표정을 변하게 하였다. 본 연구에서 개발한 가상연설 시뮬레이터는 경제적이고 안전한 정신치료에 이용되는 것에 목적이 있으며, 앞으로의 임상실험을 통한 몰입과 공포유발 인자 및 치료효과의 에 관한 정보를 얻고, 이를 시뮬레이터에 계속 적용하는 연구가 필요할 것이다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.306-319
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• 2018

본 연구는 기존 영어교재 및 학습법의 한계를 뛰어넘어, 교수의 비중을 줄이고 대학생들의 협동학습을 통해 언어감각 발전을 증진시키는 것을 연구목적으로 한다. 본 연구에서는 대학교양 영어수업의 협동학습이 영어말하기 능력향상과 정의적 성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 서울소재 K대학 대학생 50명을 연구대상으로 하여, 2018년 3월 2일부터 6월 30일까지 약 4개월에 걸쳐, 직접 영어말하기를 위한 협동학습을 진행하고, 정의적 성과를 검증하였다 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학교양 영어수업의 협동학습은 대학생의 영어말하기 능력 향상(정확성, 유창성, 복잡성)에 차이가 발생하였다. 세부요인별로는 정확성, 유창성, 복잡성순으로 차이가 발생하였다. 둘째, 대학교양 영어수업의 협동학습은 대학생의 정의적 성과 중 학습자신감과 학습흥미에 차이가 있었지만, 학습태도와 학습동기에는 차이가 발생하지 않았다. 셋째, 대학교양 영어수업의 협동학습은 영어말하기 능력향상(정확성, 유창성, 복잡성)이 정의적 성과의 학습자신감과 학습흥미에 미치는 영향은 차이가 발생하였지만, 학습태도와 학습동기에는 차이가 발생하지 않았다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.144-157
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• 2000

This study was done to understand nonpharmacologic pain management for pediateric patients and nurses' knowledge and attitudes toward it. The aim of this study was that which method did the patient's use according to the nurses' age, and how did they effectively use these methods in their field. The subjects of this study were 77 nurses working in the Pediatric unit in the Kyung Medical Center from September 2 to 15, 1999 using questionnaire form. The results of this study were as follows : 1. We divided the subjects into four groups : Younger than one year old, 1-6 years, 6-12 years, 12-18 years group. In the group younger one year old, most of the nurses participating in this study used speaking in soft quiet tones, supportive touch, toys, pacifiers. In the group of 1-6 years, they used speaking in soft quiet tones, toys, distracting attention, story talking, and visual stimulus. In the group of 6-12 years. they used pop-up books, providing information, cold therapy, speaking in soft quiet tones, supportive touch. In the group of 12-19 years, most of them used providing information, controling respiration and supportive touch. 2. The effective nursing intervention used in their field are speaking in soft quiet tones, pacifiers and nesting with blanket in the group of younger than one year old. Un the group of 1-6 years old, speaking in soft quiet tones, toys, and supportive touch were effective method in the control of nonp-harmacologic pain management. In the group of 6-12 years old, story talking, supportive touch, and speaking in soft quiet tones were effective method and in the group of 12-18 years old, providing information, cold therapy and supportive touch were effectively used to control nonpharmacologic pain management. 3. To compare the general characteristics and non-pharmacologic pain nursing intervention, in the group of younger than one year, touching stimuli is widely used. In the groups of 1-6, and 6-12 years old, visual and audio method were widely used. In the group of 12-18 years old, sensitive intervention were used as well as education, information and guided imagery. In conclusion, there was no significant difference in nurses' demographic characteristics, child's age and nonpharmacologic pain management. There was significant difference only in the nurses working area, that is nurses working in the surgical department used more audio-visual-tactile pain management methods than medical department.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제3호
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• pp.203-229
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• 1997

This paper is to examine a desirable and promising approach to an effective English teaching in elementary schools. Teachers' understanding English curriculum, teaching methodology, language skills-listening and speaking, and their testing of spoken communication is necessary for students' better learning in their English classes. Thus detailed explanations of English curriculum are presented, and background knowledge of major traditional teaching methods as well as recent trends is discussed. Especially, for the purpose of developing students' English communicative proficiency. classroom teaching and testing techniques of listening and speaking are also discussed with examples.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.21-39
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• 2008

Objectives : The aim of this study was to investigate the concept of learning disability. Method : I surveyed some of medical and special education books about learning disability. Results and Conclusion : The following result were obtained 1. Learning Disability is a terminology having a special difficulty in acquirement or use of listening, speaking, reading, writing, reasoning and arithmetic. It generally has a various form. 2. Learning Disability is induced by congenital factor, postnatal brain damage, environmental malfunction, nutrition and biochemical elements. 3. Learning Disability is classified into developmental and schoolwork.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2003년도 5월 학술대회지
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• pp.187-190
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• 2003

The purpose of this paper is to research the phonetic parameters used on the voice imitation. First of all, the fundamental frequency is imitated effectively. Distinctive prosodic patterns are used repeatedly on the voice imitation. Speaking rate is used in special measure in case the target speaker has extraordinary speaking rate. Also formant frequency is imitated variously. In sum, distinctive characteristics perceived by listener are used on voice imitation.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제17B권1호
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• pp.23-30
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 가수 생활 50주년으로 인기를 누리고 있는 국민 여성 가수인 이미자와 패티김에 대해 사상체질 기반의 분석 방법을 적용하여 이들의 음악적 특징을 추출하였다. 이를 위해 사상의학에서 제시하고 있는 사상체질 분류 방법 중에서 얼굴 및 음성을 통해 체질을 분류하는 용모사기론적 방법을 적용하였다. 따라서 용모사기론적 방법을 공학적으로 적용하여 동일한 연령대의 음성 및 얼굴 영상의 비교 분석을 통해 사상체질 분류 결과를 정량적으로 도출하였다. 또한 실험 결과를 이미자와 패티김에게 적용하여 동일한 실험 결과값을 확인하고 이를 기반으로 두 여성 가수에 대한 사상체질 기반의 음색 특징 및 얼굴 형태의 비교 분석을 통해 그 음악적 특징을 분석하였다.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.14-16
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• 2006

Background and Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of vocal tract length according to the level of the pitch by the singers. Materials and Methods: Fifteen tenors were asked to produce successive /a/ sound in G4(382Hz) for the head register, C3(131Hz) for the chest register and usual speaking sound. The control group consisted of 15 males of an similar age who are not professional singers. The length of vocal tract was calculated by applying the formula of Fn=(2n-1) c/4L(F : formant frequency, c : the speed of sound in the vocal tract(350m/sec), L : length of vocal tract, $n=1,2,3,4,{\ldots}{\infty}$). Results: In singer's group, there showed no significant statistical difference of length among head and chest register and usual speaking sound. However in the control group, there showed statistically significant difference of length. Comparison of the absolute difference in the length of vocal tract by changing level of pitch in phonation, between the control group and the singers group. Changing from G4 phonation to C3 phonation and C3 phonation to usual speaking sound showed statistically difference of vocal tract length was less in the singers group than the control group. Conclusion: The change of vocal tract length, in either speaking or singing, was less in singers than the control group. We could assume that the singers maintain their larynx position constantly throughout the pitch range when phonation.

• 음성과학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.179-192
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• 2002

Our present study was performed to investigate acoustically the Korean normal adults' voices, with enough large number of subjects to be reliable. 120 Korean normal adults (60 males and 60 females) of the age of 20 to 39 years produced sustained three vowels, /a/, /i/, and /u/ and read a part of 'Taking a Walk' paragraph, and by analyzing them acoustically with MDVP of CSL, we could get the fundamental frequency ($F_{0}$), jitter, shimmer and NHR of sustained vowels: speaking fundamental frequency ($SF_{0}$), highest speaking frequency (SFhi), lowest speaking frequency (SFlo) of continuous speech. As results, on the average, male voices showed 118.1$\sim$122.6 Hz in $F_{0}$, 0.467$\sim$0.659% in jitter, 1.538$\sim$2.674% in shimmer, 0.117$\sim$0.114 in NHR, 120.8 Hz in $SF_{0}$, 183.2 Hz in SFhi, 82.6 Hz in SFlo. And, female voices showed 211.6∼220.3 Hz in F0, 0.678∼0.935% in jitter, 1.478∼2.582% in shimmer, 0.098∼0.114 in NHR, 217.1 Hz in $SF_{0}$, 340.9 Hz in SFhi, 136.0 Hz in SFlo. Among the 7 parameters, every parameters except shimmer showed the significant difference between male and female voices. And, when we compared the three vowels, they showed significant differences one another in shimmer and NHR of both genders, but not in $F_{0}$ of males and jitter of females.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.699-710
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• 2007

The study purposes to explore the effects of individual characteristics and home environments of children on their bilingual language aquisition, that is, to examine whether their English language competency is different from their Korean language competency depending on those variables. Thus English or Korean language competency of children who had had early exposure in English learning were studied in terms of child's individual characteristics such as age, gender, exposure period to English, intelligence, and experiences of visiting English-speaking countries, and home environments such as parental age, educational level, income level, their perceived English competency, their perceived significance of English and Korean language, and the frequency of using English at home. 72 children who went to English kindergarten were tested with Peabody Pictures Vocabulary Test-Revised (PPVT-R) in Korean version and in English version respectively. The results show that child's intelligence and experiences of visiting English-speaking countries influence their Korean language competency. Also child's age, exposure period to English and experiences of visiting English-speaking countries influence their English language competency. Moreover their mother's educational background, father's English fluency, mothers' English fluency, and the frequency of using English at home influence child's English language competency, whereas any variables did not influence child's Korean language competency. Accordingly, child's English and Korean language competencies are related to each other.