• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.8
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• pp.499-512
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• 2020

The development of the economy and network environment has a great impact on physical stores, and physical bookstores are gradually upgrading and transforming with the pace of the times. This study takes the modern bookstore under the concept of the third space as the research object. The purpose of it is to understand the needs of consumers for the space of the modern bookstores, explore the characteristics and development direction of them, which provides theoretical guidance for the follow-up development of the modern bookstore. Based on the concept of the third space and the theory of lifestyle shops and reorganizing theoretical investigation and prior research, the researcher extracts the characteristic elements of modern bookstores in line with the concept of the third space. Moreover, the research analyzes five bookstores opened in large-scale commercial facilities after 2010 as research cases. Through the analysis of the results, it shows that the modern bookstore is a multi-functional and compounded space which is gradually transformed from a single bookseller to a seller of selling lifestyle proposal. And through the analysis of big data to predict the changes in market consumption, we can find out the different needs of consumers, so as to carry out the targeted design of bookstore space and then improve the value of it. In the context of the co-development of economy and culture, the transformation of modern bookstores actually conforms to the change of consumer demand and realizes a virtuous circle.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.3-15
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• 2009

In the swirl of change in the world, Media, the development of information technology, and the enterprise-oriented capitalism have tied the world as one unit, and have entered the period of adaptation. With the view of introspection of these concepts, this paper is mainly written by the theory of "matter as the content" with exploration of the design of essence and scientific approach. The design process is the condensational process which is developed by the exchange of reason and sensibility. This process, which is characterized by the objective manipulation of a given condition and the intervention of extrapolation, is the new way of thinking and approach rather than the concept of the way and means. The research of this paper is based on paintings and the analysis of essential experiments in design, the definition of the terms of content in the view of philosophy and design, and the analysis of the cases in architecture and spacial design. As a result, this paper shows that these designs are not just "Simulacre" but the essential eidos, and "content" is the core of these designs which can produce prototype as machine. Also, these designs can relatively be the persuasive methodology for the reflexive modernization.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.281-296
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• 1994

It is generally accepted that there is always a potential for crisis in the capitalist society because of the internal contradiction of capitalism. The contradiction is explicitly and implicitly expressed in space. The fundamental contradiction in capitalism, however, is controlled and mediated by the state (i.e., the capitalist state). We thus could argue that the state plays an important role in the capitalist society and in the capitalist spatial formation. It is necessary to note how and why spatial structure has developed unevenly in capitalist societies, particularly in the U.S., The general concept of uneven geographical development is understood in the context of the capitalist economic system and the role of the state. But the problem is that the capitalist state itself has a contradiction between the productive function (i.e., accumulation function) and the reproductive function (i.e., legitimation function). The compromise of the two functions is always the dilemma of the state and the state becomes the object of class struggle (e.g., political class struggle) . The research questions are as follows. First, what is the role of the state in the economic structure and what is the internal problem of the state\ulcorner Second, what is the role of the state in space economy (or in spatial structure)\ulcorner And last, what is the relation between the federal state and the local state in the U.S. and how does the relation form the urban policies and thus the urban and regional development\ulcorner The paper will be looking at how the political economy in the U.S. explains unevenly developed geographical phenomenon.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.117-136
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• 1994

Contemporary global space economy is so dynamic that any one specific structural force can not explain the whole dynamic processes or trajectories of spatial industrial development. The major purpose of this paper is extending the traditional notion of industrial districts to functioning and development of new industrial districts with relation to the development of high technology industries. Several dynamic forces, which are dominated in new industrial districts in the modern space economy, are incorporated in the formation and dynamic aspects of new industrial districts. Even though key forces governing Marshallian industrial district are localization of small firms, division of labor between firms, constructive cooperation, and industrial atmosphere, Marshall points out a possibility of growing importance of large firms and non-local networks in the districts with changes of external environments. Some of Italian industrial districts can be regarded as Marshallian industrial districts in broader context, but the role of local authorities or institutions and local embeddedness seem to be more important in the Italian industrial districts. More critical implication form the review of Marshallian industrial districts and Italian industrial districts is that the industrial districts are not a static concept but a dynamic one: small firm based industrial districts can be regarded as only a specific feature evolved over time. Dynamic aspects of new industrial districts are resulting from coexistence of contrasting forces governing the functioning and formation of the districts in contemporary global space economy. The contrasting forces governing new industrial districts are coexistence of flexible and mass production systems, local and global networks, local and non-local embeddedness, and small and large firms. Because of these coexistence of contrasting forces, there are various types of new industrial districts. Nine types of industrial districts are identified based on local/non-local networks and intensity of networks in both suppliers and customers linkages. The different types of new industrial districts are described by differences in production systems, embeddedness, governance, cooperation and competition, and institutional factors. Out of nine types of industrial districts, four types - Marshallian; suppliers hub and spoke; customers hub and spoke; and satellite - are regarded as distinctive new industrial districts and four additional types - advanced hub and spoke types (suppliers and customers) and mature satellites (suppliers and customers) - can be evolved from the distinctive types and may be regarded as hybrid types. The last one - pioneering high technology industrial district - can be developed from the advanced hub and spoke types and this type is a most advanced modern industrial district in the era of globalization and high technology. The dynamic aspects of the districts are related with the coexistence of the contrasting forces in the contemporary global space economy. However, the development trajectory is not a natural one and not all the industrial districts can develop to the other hybrid types. Traditionally, localization of industries was developed by historical chances. In the process of high technology industrial development in contemporary global space economy, however, policy and strategies are critical for the formation and evolution of new industrial districts. It needs formation of supportive tissues of institutions for evolution of dyamic pattern of high technology related new industrial districts. Some of the original distinctive types of new industrial districts can not follow the path or trajectory suggested in this paper and may be declined without advancing, if there is no formation of supportive social structure or policy. Provision of information infrastructure and diffusion of an entrepreneurship through the positive supports of local government, public institutions, universities, trade associations and industry associations are important for the evolution of the dynamic new industrial districts. Reduction of sunk costs through the supports for training and retraining of skilled labor, the formation of flexible labor markets, and the establishment of cheap and available telecommunication networks is also regarded as a significant strategies for dynamic progress of new industrial districts in the era of high technology industrial development. In addition, development of intensive international networks in production, technology and information is important policy issue for formation and evolution of the new industrial districts which are related with high technology industrial development.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.36
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• pp.259-280
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• 2014

Animation is showing the highest record in entertainment around the world and writing the history of 3D animation again. The image contents effect thanks to the proper introduction of the state-of-art digital technology, which is one of the causes of the outstanding entertainment and the factual reproduction of the images, provided an opportunity to transmit the meaning of image aesthetics, which is a virtual reality and image reproduction through the reality realization of photo medium, and to reinterpret the boundary of virtual reality. Especially, the development of digital contents technology due to scientific technologies demolishes the boundary of virtual reality and reality and creates the effect of making viewers be absorbed by realizing the virtual reality by means of 3D reality images which highlight the special characteristic of photos. The aspect of the contents technology and image aesthetics which can be interpreted in a view point beyond the existing concept of reality is found in the aura theory of Benjamin and in the Simulacres of Baudrillard. The 3D image by photo-reality herein presents various suggestions in the aspect of real existence of spatial expression, the meaning creation process of reality, the existence value of virtual images.