• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.507-511
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• 2004

This research was carried out to offer the basic informations about new varietal breeding for specific use and physiological characteristics through investigation of detection, content variation and color difference of anthocyanin individual pigments within seed coats in domestic black soybean. The seed of thirteen cultivars such as Geomjeongkong 1, Geomjeongkong 2, Seonheugkong, Tawonkong, Ilpumgeomjeongkong, Geomjeongolkong, Cheongjakong, Jinju 1, Heugcheongkong, Juinunikong-Y, Juinunikong-G, Geomjeongkong 3, Geomjeongkong 4 was tested. C3G (cyanidin-3-glucoside) was detected in only Geomjeongkong 1 and Seonheugkong but D3G (delphinidin-3-glucoside) and C3G were found in Heugcheongkong. The rest cultivars that there were three anthocyanins such as D3G, C3G, and Pt3G (petunidin-3-glucoside). Anthocyanin content of tested cultivars showed a high variation. The ranges of D3G, C3G, Pt3G, and TA (total anthocyanin) contents were $0.55\~2.63mg/g,\;2.77\~8.38mg/g,\;0.38\~5.65mg/g,\;and\;3.32\~16.92mg/g$, respectively. These contents showed variation among cultivars as well as variation between two years, 2001-2002. As a result of variation of anthocyanin color difference, the ranges of L (lightness), a (redness), and b (yellowness) as Hunter's value were $34.09\~42.89,\;12.77\!22.85,\;and\;5.36\~12.10$, respectively, and these color differences showed variation among cultivars and also variation between two years, 2001-2002. D3G, C3G, Pt3G, and TA showed reciprocally a positive correlation being representive of high significance.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.255-259
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• 1995

Improvement in potential Crop yield could be achieved through either the improve-ment of source potential or sink capacity, but preferably both simultaneously. The field experiment was performed to evaluate the genotypic difference in partitioning of dry matter into each plant part in response to photosynthetic manipulation as well as to assess whether the soybean yield is source or sink-limited. Four soybean genotypes, which were 'Baekunkong', 'Suwon 168', and two local soy-beans with black seed coat(hereafter referred to as the 'black soybean', 'Kangleungjarae' and 'Keumleungjarae', were grown in four different environments in which one or two layers of shading net during grain filling and two different planting densities(55,000 and 110,000 plants $ha^{-1}$) were applied to manipulate photosynthesis. Significant effects of genotype (G), photosynthetic manipulation(P), and$G^p$P were shown in top and grain dry weight. Relative grain to top dry weight was the lowest in soybean plants grown at 110,000 plants$ha^{-1}$and covered with two layers of shading net during grain filling, Evaluation of dynamic changes in shoot harvest index in response to photosynthetic manipulation treatments revealed that sink was more limited in local black soybeans than Suwon 168 and Baekunkong, indicating that the availability of photosynthate during grain filling did not limit the grain yield in local black soybeans when compared to Baekunkong and Suwon 168.oybeans when compared to Baekunkong and Suwon 168.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.275-281
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• 1996

The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of water treatment sludge (WTS) on the growth of soybean and carrot, and uptake of some inorganic components in the plants. WTS was incorporated to field at the rates of 0, 1, 3, and 5 tons per 10a on the basis of dry weight. With the application of the sludge, OM and CEC in the soil increased slightly while the concentration of available phosphorous decreased. And heavy metals, including Pb, Cd, Cr, As and Hg, were not detected at the harvest stage in crops. With an increase in the application of the sludge, the concentration of phosphorous in the seed of soybean and the root of carrot tended to be decreased. There seems no correlation between rate of application of the sludge and uptake of Al in the plants. The yield of soybean was the highest when applied to one ton sludge and the yield on carrot increased with an increase in rate of applied sludge. Also, the concentration of carotene increased with an increased application of the sludge. But, application of WTS showed to deteriorate the visual quality with an irregularity of carrot's surface. This results indicate that application of WTS will be give a positive and negative effects on soil and crops.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2012

The identification characteristics of irradiated (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 kGy) brown rice, soybean, and sesame seeds were investigated using photostimulated luminescence (PSL), thermoluminescence (TL), and hydrocarbon analysis during 12-month storage. PSL-based screening was possible for the irradiated soybean and sesame seed samples up to 6 and 12 months, respectively. The TL glow curve shape, intensity, and ratio enabled the clear dose-dependent discrimination of all the non-irradiated and irradiated samples. The TL intensity decreased during storage, but the TL glow curve did not change qualitatively, which provided enough information to confirm the irradiation treatment of the samples over the storage period. Radiation-induced hydrocarbons were found in all the irradiated samples even at 0.5 kGy, throughout the storage period. 8-Heptadecene ($C_{17:1}$) and 1,7-hexadecadiene ($C_{16:2}$) originated from oleic acid, and 6,9-heptadecadiene ($C_{17:2}$) and 1,7,10-hexadecatriene ($C_{16:3}$) originated from linoleic acid, can be used as radiation-induced markers in identifying irradiated brown rice, soybean, and sesame seeds.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2015

Soybean is very useful crop to supply vegetable protein for human. Supply of soybean is increased because it has useful ingredient. Recently, cultivation of soybean in paddy field is increasing due to the increase of rice stockpile in Korea. Hence, in this study, expression of protein was identified regarding different environment for cultivation to investigate the effect of different environment on protein expression. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was performed to investigate the expression of protein using image analysis program to measure degree of protein expression in numerical value. Hannam-kong, Beakcheon-Kong, Hwangkeum-Kong, and Danwon-Kong were used as plant material. 2-DE combined with image analysis revealed that each degree of protein expression of Hannam-Kong and Hwangkeum-Kong in upland field was higher than degree of protein expression in paddy field. However, in case of Beackcheon-Kong, the phenomenon was opposite. In Danwon-kong, the degree of protein expression was not different between up-land field and paddy field. To this end, major protein spots were not different between paddy field and upland field among all cultivars. It could be suggested that protein expression is not severely different by various environment, but different environment affects degree of protein expression.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.303-309
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• 1989

Present study was conducted to reveal the effects of the herbicides, Lasso and Devrinol, on the soybean growth and the nodulation in field condition. Emergence rate was reduced positively in proportion to increase in the concentration of herbicides regardless of the herbicidal difference and it was significantly reduced even in the recommended concentration as compared to untreated plot, showing marked abnormal symptom on seedlings. Plant height, fresh weight of the plant, number of internodes, branches, pods, seeds per plant and 100-seed weight were reduced with increase in the concentration of herbicides and were highly significant in difference between the untreated plot and double concentration plot, eventhough most were nonsignificant in difference from the recommended concentration. Nodulation was significantly decreased with increase in the concentration of herbicides. The reduction was remarkably different with soybean varieties and consistently appeared from three weeks to six weeks after sawing. Significant correlation was realized between the reduction of nodulation and the agronomic characters of soybean and it was considered that the reduction of nodulation by misapplication of the herbicides might be a causal factor for decrease in soybean yield.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.15-20
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• 2008

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) is a rapid and accurate analytical method for determining the composition of agricultural products and feeds. This study was conducted to measure anthocyanin contents in black colored soybean by using NIRS system. Total 300 seed coat of black colored soybean samples previously analyzed by HPLC were scanned by NIRS and over 250 samples were selected for calibration and validation equation. A calibration equation calculated by MPLS(modified partial least squares) regression technique was developed in which the coefficient of determination for anthocyanin pigment C3G, D3G and Pt3G content was 0.952, 0.936, and 0.833, respectively. Each calibration equation was applied to validation set that was performed with the remaining samples not included in the calibration set, which showed high positive correlation both in C3G and D3G content file. In case Pt3G, the prediction model was needed more accuracy because of low $R^2$ value in validation set. This results demonstrate that the developed NIRS equation can be practically used as a rapid screening method for quantification of C3G and D3G contents in black colored soybean.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.220-227
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• 1997

Water deficit stress during early soybean[Glycine max (L.) Merrill] growth stage is the most important environmental factor limiting productivity. Eight soybean genotypes were grown in replicated pot under well-watered(control: near 0 bar) and drought(-5 and -10 bars) conditions. Soybean plants were subject to drought stress for 20 days at 10 days after seed emergence. Significant genotypic variation was observed for leaf area(LA) and total dry weight (TDW). At the end of water stress, LA and TDW of Hwanggeumkong and Paldalkong, which had large LA in the non-stressed control, were more sensitive to water stress than those of the other cultivars, while those of Suwon 93 with small LA were insensitive. Leaf proline and abscisic acid(ABA) contents increased after water stress. However, changes in proline and ABA contents were not consistently related to the changes in LA as affected by water stress. As the soil water potential decreased, the yield reduction of Hodgson 78 showing large decrease in LA and TDW in response to water deficit was severe when compared to that of Baegunkong with small decrease in LA and TDW. Relatively greater yield stability and higher average yield across soil water potential were observed in Baegunkong. Of specific interest was the small reduction in yield of Paldalkong in spite of its significant decrease in LA and TDW.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.278-285
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• 2008

An efficient transformation method for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] using meristematic tissues of germinating seeds has been established. The embryonic axes were excised from germinating seeds of Korean soybean cultivar, Iksannamulkong and 0.5-2 cm long segment containing meristematic tissues were prepared by cutting hypocotyl region. The explants were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring a binary vector with the bar gene as a selectable marker gene and a ${\beta}-glucuronidase$ (GUSINT) reporter gene, and then co-cultured for 7 days on co-cultivation medium (CCM). The meristematic tissues were cultured on shoot induction medium (SIMP6) supplemented with 0.4 mg/l $N_6-benzylaminopurine$ (BAP) and 0.1 mg/l indolebutyric acid (IBA) in the presence of 6 mg/l L-phosphinotricin (PPT) for 2 weeks and the surviving explants were transferred to shoot elongation medium (SEMP6). Transformation was confirmed by Southern blot analysis and the transformation efficiencies ranged from 1.48 to 2.07%. The new modified transformation method was successfully implemented for obtaining several transgenic lines with SMV-CP gene. It is expected that this method could efficiently be used for the transformation of recalcitrant soybean cultivars.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.396-405
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• 2018

The areas of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) cultivation in Gangwon-do have increased due to the growing demand for well-being foods. The soybean barcode system is a useful tool for cultivar identification and diversity analysis, which could be used in the seed production system for soybean cultivars. We genotyped cultivars using 202 insertion and deletion (InDel) markers specific to dense variation blocks (dVBs), and examined their ability to identify cultivars and analyze diversity by comparison to the database in the soybean barcode system. The genetic homology of "Cheonga," "Gichan," "Daewang," "Haesal," and "Gangil" to the 147 accessions was lower than 81.2%, demonstrating that these barcodes have potentiality in cultivar identification. Diversity analysis of one hundred and fifty-three soybean cultivars revealed four subgroups and one admixture (major allele frequency <0.6). Among the accessions, "Heugcheong," "Hoban," and "Cheonga" were included in subgroup 1 and "Gichan," "Daewang," "Haesal," and "Gangil" in the admixture. The genetic regions of subgroups 3 and 4 in the admixture were reshuffled for early maturity and environmental tolerance, respectively, suggesting that soybean accessions with new dVB types should be developed to improve the value of soybean products to the end user. These results indicated that the two-dimensional barcodes of soybean cultivars enable not only genetic identification, but also management of genetic resources through diversity analysis.