• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.133-137
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• 1969

This experiment was conducted to determine the optimum row width and plant spacing within row under the tropical environment for a leading soybean variety Palmetto and it was carried out at Eakmat Experiment Station in Vietnam. The experiments were arranged in a split plot design with four replications and the test was repeated twice in two years. Variations for seed yield due to the distance between rows were significant at 1 per cent level in 1967 test(dry season growing) and at 5 per cent level in 1968 test. Significant differences for plant height, lodging, maturity, number of branches per plant, and number of pods per plant due to the row width were not found in both tests, while significant differences in difference spacing within row was found in all traits studied. Interaction between width of row and spacing within row for seed yield and plant height were found at five percent level in 1967 test. These results indicate that close planting may increase in seed yield and plant height in both seasons, and decrease in loadging. From these studies, one could be understood that the plant population, particularly in dry season, plays decisive roles on seed yield in soybean culture, and the maximum plant height and minimum value of lodging index were also observed in closest spacing plots. The highest soybean yield in late planting would be expected by a combinations of 30 cm(between rows)${\times}$5cm(between hills) plot, while 40cm ${\times}$ 5cm planting method would be suggested for rainy season growing. Highest seed yield was obtained at closet spacing in both dry and rainy season, and these results led to drilling method in seeding where about 20 seeds per meter of row could be recommended. Besides the seed yield, the close planting may produce some advantages, such as increase plant height and decrease lodging, weeds and erosion of surface soil.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.398-405
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• 1986

The food quality of lupin seed, i.e. soaking, cooking, sprout growing and mold growing for fermentation, was investigated by using the seed of Lupinus angustifolius harvested in Western Australia. A method to produce lupin seed protein concentrate (LPC) was developed, and the wage of LPC in Korean food system was investigated. The water soaking rate of lupin seed was faster than that of soybean, but the cooking rate of lupin seed was much slower compared to soybean. The thermal softening time, $D_{100}$, was 345 min for lupin seed and 84 min for soybean. A two-phase solvent extraction system consisting of haxane-alcohol-water could effectively remove the residual bitter taste, lipid and yellow pigments of lupin seed flour, and the resulting LPC contained over 50% protein and had bland flavor and milky white color. Treatment of LPC with carbohydrate decomposing enzymes resulted in a product of more soluble and higher concentration of protein. Methods to produce lupin seed vegetable milk and lactic beverages from LPC products were discussed.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.458-464
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• 1994

The partitioning of dry matter into seed and pod-shell is important because yield increase can be achieved by improving the distribution rate of assimilation products to seeds. The present study was undertaken to characterize whether the partitioning of dry matter into seed was shoot- or root-controlled through graftiong techniques. Self- and reciprocal-grafts were made among four soybean genotypes, which were 'Baekunkong', 'Suwon 168', and two local soybeans with black seed coat (hereafter referred to as the 'black soybean'), 'Kangleungjarae' and 'Keumleungjarae'. Self-grafted black soybeans showed lower ratio of seed to pod-shell dry wight than self-grafted Baekunkong and Suwon 168. Varying the shoot genotypes in grafts resulted in significant differences in growth characters as well as pod and seed dry weight per plant at physiological maturity. There were significant effects of shoot genotypes on the ratio of seed to pod-shell dry weight, indication that the partitioning of dry matter into seed and pod-shell should be shoot- rather than root-controlled. The grafts with large pod-shell dry weight tended to partition relatively smaller dry matter into seed than pod-shell.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.30-32
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• 1993

This study was conducted to characterize quality of the soybean seed harvested in 1989, 1990 and 1991 each and stored in the refrigerator. Storage time did not affect the phytate and total sugar content, whereas longer storage reduced nitrogen solubility index (NSI). There was no difference in amylogram viscosity characteristics of soybean seeds harvested in 1989 and 1990, which was lower than those in 1991. The production yield of soybean sprout and total sprouting rate of soybean seeds harvested in 1989 were 334.8% and 57.4%, respectively, which were lower than those in 1990 and 1991.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.255-258
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• 1997

Isoflavones are associated with prevention of chronic diseases such as cancer, osteoporosis, and hypercholesterolemia. The isoflavone contents at different development stages of soybean were anayzed to examine the period of their formation and reaching maximum level. Soybean sedds have been collected from 13th to 21st week after sowing. Total daidzein and genistein contents increased from 115 and 37mg/kg at 13th week, to 795 and 699mg/kg at 21st week, respectively. Total glycitein content showed less remarkable change during seed development than other isoflavones. Thus mature soybean may have maximum preventive effect from chronic diseases since it contains the highest level of isoflavones.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.11-15
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• 1980

ATP contents of soybean(Glycine max Merrill) and mungbean (Phaseolus radiatus L.) seeds being germinated with Hoagland solution at $30^{\circ}C$ for 6 days were determined. In pregerminated seed, ATP contents in soybean and mumgbean were 11.4 and 63.0$\mu$g/g fresh seed respectively. During germination, the highest ATP content of soybean seeds was 550% of initial content on 2nd day and that of mungbean was 480% on 1st day after germination. ATP content in cotyledon of soybean and mungbean were increased up to 4th and 1st day after germination respectively, thereafter both were decreased, but those in the root, including the hypocotyl, of both seeds were continuously increased with germination progress.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 2010

Soybean seed injury was analyzed in the experiments in which the bean bug, Riptortus pedestris(Hemiptera: Alydidae), was released into screen-caged pots containing full seed stage(R6) of soybean. When the different stages of insects, from the 3rd instar nymphs to adults, were released into pots during 8 days in soybean R6 stage, soybean seeds with injury marks (B-type seeds) increased. The weight reduction ratio in B-type seeds was highest in the injury by the 5th instar nymphs, while the daily-produced number ratio of B-type seeds was small in the treatment. In the injury by the different number of adult released into pots, 4, 8, 16 adults caused a significant increase of B-type seeds, while 16 adults caused the significant increase of the deformed (C-type) seeds. In the injury by the different release period of adults, the total number of pods was not significantly different among treatments, while the total seed number harvested was significantly small in the release for 48 days. The release for 8 and 16 days caused a significant increase of B-type seeds, while the release for 48 days caused the increase of C-type seeds. The results indicated that injury of soybean R6 stage by the bean bug produced soybean seeds with distinct injury marks at relatively low density and during short term attack period, while it produced deformed seeds at high density and during long attack period.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.41-41
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• 2019

This study was conducted to compare the agronomic traits of well-known colored native soybean germplasms. Recently, we are increasingly interested in colored as various functional ingredient of soybeans have revealed. We used a total of 396 soybean genetic resources, consisting of ten "Seonbijabikong", 110 "Jyinunikong", 276 "Seoritaekong". We sowed on 10th June 2018 at the field of Nongsaensmyeongro in Jeonju city. The average number of days to flowering, days to maturing and days to growth of colored soybean were 53, 84 and 136 days, respectively. Days to flowering of "Seonbijabikong" were ranged from 41 to 50 days with an average 48 days, those of "Jyinunikong" were ranged from 39 to 72 days with an average 52 days. Days to flowering of "Seoritaekong" were ranged from 35 to 63 days with an average 54 days, which were earlier in "Seonbijabikong", and similar with "Seoritaekong" and "Jyinunikong". Days to growth of "Seonbijabikong" were ranged from 125 to 137 days with an average 132 days, those of "Jyinunikong" were ranged from 91 to 144 days with an average 130 days and those of "Seoritaekong" were ranged from 99 to 150 days with an average 139 days. they were shortest in "Jyinunikong" and longest in "Seoritaekong". The distribution of maturity period was from 6th September to 5th November. The maturity period was as early as September and yields were more than 100g per plant, which were all three accessions(IT161905, IT162602, IT269617), "Seoritaekong". They would be useful as breeding materials of colored soybean with early maturity. The 100-seed weight is important characteristics that distinguish the usage of soybeans. "Seoritaekong" and "Seonbijabikong" have large seed characteristics for cooking with rice, "Jyinunikong" has small seed it for medicine. The average 100 seed weight was 35.0g of "Seonbijabikong", 30.8g of "Seoritaekong" and 13.4g of "Jyinunikong", respectively. As for seed coat lust, the ratio of dull was as high as 100% of "Seonbijabikong" and 91% of "Seoritaekong", that of shiny was as high as 77% of "Jyinunikong". Cotyledon color of "Seonbijabikong" were all yellow, that of "Seoritaekong" were 94% of green. The other name of "Seoritaekong" is "Sokcheong", which means that cotyledon color is green. Therefore if cotyledon color of Seoritaekong is not green, it might be misidentified. In the future, we will increase the utilization through evaluation of functional component such as isoflavones and anthocyanins of colored soybean landraces.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.1310-1322
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• 2020

Objective: The current study was conducted to evaluate the quality and profile of fatty acid in the breast and thigh, and the performance of broilers fed diets containing seed or oil of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) as a replacement for soybean, in the rearing period from 29 to 42 days of age. Methods: On the 29th day of age, 120 broilers were distributed in four treatments evaluated in five replicates of six birds. The grain or oil of soybean was respectively replaced on a weight-to-weight basis in the formulation by the seed or oil of chia, constituting the experimental diets. The roasted whole soybean and chia seed were included in the feed at 16.4%, whereas the soybean and chia oils were included at 2.5%. Results: The dietary chia oil increased the lipid peroxidation in the thigh meat, and the dietary chia seed increased the cooking loss of the thigh. However, for the other physicochemical parameters evaluated and for the proximate composition of the breast and thigh, in general, the inclusion of chia seed or oil in the diet provided similar or better results than those observed when the diets contained soybean oil or roasted whole soybean. With regard to the fatty acid profile and associated parameters, dietary chia increased the concentrations of α-linolenic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids and reduced the Σω-6:Σω-3 ratio and the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices of the broiler meat. However, the dietary chia seed worsened the feed conversion ratio. Conclusion: Diet containing 2.5% chia oil supplied to broilers during the period from 29 to 42 days of age improves the feed conversion ratio, increases the deposition of the ω-3 fatty acids in the breast and thigh, in addition to reducing the Σω-6:Σω-3 ratio and the atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices, thereby resulting in meat with higher nutritional quality.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 2004

Field studies were conducted in the southeastern Korea ($36^{\circ}$N) on a commerce silt loam soil at paddy field. Seed were manually planted on 16 July 2003. Plants were planted with plant densities of 70${\times}$10 cm (row width x plant spacing), 50 x 10 cm, and 30 ${\times}$10 cm. Two seedlings per hill were taken prior to V3 stage. Fertilizer was applied prior to plant at a rate of 30-30-34 kg (N-$\textrm{P}_2\textrm{O}_5$-$\textrm{K}_2\textrm{O}$) per ha. Experimental design was a randomized complete block in a split plot arrangement with three replications. Yield from different planting densities responded similarly in three soybean cultivars and increased when planting density increased. Somyeongkong showed the highest increasing rate of yield about 26% by 338 g $\textrm{m}^{-2}$ at 30 x l0 cm compared to yield of conventional planting density (70 x 10 cm). Also, the planting density significantly affected pod and seed number and seed weight, but not seed per pod. The tallest plant appeared at 30${\times}$10 cm. The change of leaf area according to days after emergence showed differently in soybean cultivars. The highest and lowest total dry matter production per square meter appeared at 30 x 10 cm and at 70 x 10 cm, respectively. Crop growth rate (CGR) showed greater at R3∼R4 stages compared with V7∼R2 or R2∼R3 growth stages and showed the greatest at 30 x 10 cm in three soybean cultivars. As late planted soybean, there was a significant relation between seed yield and CGR, and leaf area index (LAI) according to planting densities at before and after the flowering stage. Relationship between seed yield and CGR in three planting densities showed a highly significant positive relation ($\textrm{R}^2$=0.757) at R3 to R4 stages, and significant relations ($\textrm{R}^2$=0.505, 0.617) at V7 to R2 and V2 to V3. Also, there was a highly significant positive difference between seed yield and LAI during R3 to R4 and R2 to R3 stages.