• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.89-89
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• 2022

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is a representative food resource. To preserve the integrity of soybean, it is necessary to protect soybean yield and seed quality from threats of various pests and diseases. Riptortus pedestris is a well-known insect pest that causes the greatest loss of soybean yield in South Korea. This pest not only directly reduces yields but also causes disorders and diseases in plant growth. Unfortunately, no resistant soybean resources have been reported. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the distribution and movement of Riptortus pedestris at an early stage to reduce the damage caused by insect pests. Conventionally, the human eye has performed the diagnosis of agronomic traits related to pest outbreaks. However, due to human vision's subjectivity and impermanence, it is time-consuming, requires the assistance of specialists, and is labor-intensive. Therefore, the responses and behavior patterns of Riptortus pedestris to the scent of mixture R were visualized with a 3D model through the perspective of artificial intelligence. The movement patterns of Riptortus pedestris was analyzed by using time-series image data. In addition, classification was performed through visual analysis based on a deep learning model. In the object tracking, implemented using the YOLO series model, the path of the movement of pests shows a negative reaction to a mixture Rina video scene. As a result of 3D modeling using the x, y, and z-axis of the tracked objects, 80% of the subjects showed behavioral patterns consistent with the treatment of mixture R. In addition, these studies are being conducted in the soybean field and it will be possible to preserve the yield of soybeans through the application of a pest control platform to the early stage of soybeans.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.586-593
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• 2022

콩(Glycine max (L.) Merr.)은 전세계적으로 널리 재배되고 있는 고단백 유지 작물로서 다양한 생리활성을 가지는 이차대사산물을 함유하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 콩 25개 자원들을 대상으로 카로티노이드, 이소플라본, 그리고 소야사포닌 함량을 분석하였다. 총 카로티노이드 함량을 분석한 결과, 1.23~33.78 ㎍/g의 분포를 보였고, IT177645, PI90763, 그리고 IT234975과 같은 검은 종피색을 가진 자원들에서 가장 높은 카로티노이드 함량이 관찰되었다. 이소플라본 함량은 Savoy, PI90763, KLG16001에서 높게 확인되었고, 소야사포닌은 PI90763, PI86490, 그리고 IT234975에서 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. PI90763은 카로티노이드, 이소플라본, 그리고 소야사포닌 3종 모두를 고농도로 함유한 자원으로 확인되었다. 본 실험의 결과, 다양한 이차대사산물의 고함량 자원들은 고기능성 품종 개발을 위한 육종 소재 및 이차대사산물의 생합성 관련 연구를 위한 기초자료로써 활용이 가능할 것이다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권5호
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• pp.413-418
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• 2003

Genetic diversity and soybean sprout-related traits were evaluated in a total of 72 soybean accessions (60 Glycine max, 7 Glycine soja, and 5 Glycine gracilis). 100-seed weight (SW) was greatly varied and ranged from 3.2g to 32.3g in 72 soybean accessions. Positive correlation was observed between GR and hypocotyl length (HL), whereas negative correlation was observed between SW and hypocotyl diameter (HD). Re-evaluation by discarding two soybean genotypes characterized with low GR indicated that much higher correlation of sprout yield (SY) with HD and SW. Based on the principal component analysis (PCA) for sprout-related traits, 57 accessions were classified. Soybean genotypes with better traits for sprout, such as small size of seeds and high SY, were characterized with high PCA 1 and PCA 2 values. The seed size in second is small but showed low GR and SY, whereas the third has large seed, high GR and more than 400% SY. In genetic similarity analysis using 60 SSR marker genotyping, 72 accessions were classified into three major and several minor groups. Nine of twelve accessions that were identified as the representatives of soybean for sprout based on PCA were in a group by the SSR marker analysis, indicating the SSR marker selection of parental genotypes for soybean sprout improvement program.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.330-335
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• 2010

Soybean (Glycine max Merr.) and corn (Zea mays L.) transplanting has increased because soybean and corn crops cultivated by the direct seeding method were often damaged by wild birds. The purpose of this study is to develop a seeder to sow soybean (Glycine max Merr.) and corn (Zea mays L.) in a plug tray. In order to find out design factors for a metering device of the seeder, metering characteristics on metering hole size and roller speed were experimentally investigated. Soybean (cv. 'Daewon') and corn (cv. 'Mibaekchal') were used as a materials for testing the seeder in this experiment. The metering hole size of roller suitable for Daewonkong and Mibaekchal was determined. Daewonkong was suitable for hole diameter of 10 mm and hole depth of 5.5 mm, and Mibaekcal was suitable for hole diameter of 9 mm and hole depth of 5.5 mm. At a brush length of 4 mm, one grain seeding rates of Daewonkong and Mibaekchal was 99% and 93% respectively. By inducing Mibaekchal to the hole by swing, one grain seeding rate of that increased from 91.9% to 97.7%. When roller speed is 4 m per minut, seeding efficiency of prototype was 110 sheets per hour.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.401-406
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• 2001

The applicability of non-destructive near infrared reflectance spectroscopic (NIRS) method was tested to determine the protein and oil contents of intact soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds. A total of 198 soybean calibration samples and 101 validation samples were used for NIRS equation development and validation, respectively. In the developed non-destructive NIRS equation for analysis of protein and oil contents, the most accurate equation was obtained at 2, 8, 6, 1(2nd derivative, 8 nm gap, 6 points smoothing, and 1 point second smoothing) and 2, 1, 20, 10 math treatment conditions with Standard Normal Variate and Detrend (SNVD) scatter correction method and entire spectrum (400-2500 nm) by using Modified Partial Least Squares (MPLS) regression, respectively. Validation of these non-destructive NIRS equations showed very low bias (protein: 0.060%, oil: -0.017%) and standard error of prediction (SEP, protein: 0.568 %, oil : 0.451 %) as well as high coefficient of determination ($R^2$, protein: 0.927, oil: 0.906). Therefore, these non-destructive NIRS equations can be applicable and reliable for determination of protein and oil content of intact soybean seeds, and non-destructive NIRS method could be used as a mass screening technique for selection of high protein and oil soybean in breeding programs.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.59-73
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• 2008

Several aspects of photoperception and light signal transduction have been elucidated by studies with model plants. However, the information available for economically important crops, such as Fabaceae species, is scarce. In order to incorporate the existing genomic tools into a strategy to advance soybean research, we have investigated publicly available expressed sequence tag (EST) sequence databases in order to identify Glycine max sequences related to genes involved in light-regulated developmental control in model plants. Approximately 38,000 sequences from open-access databases were investigated, and all bona fide and putative photoreceptor gene families were found in soybean sequence databases. We have identified G. max orthologs for several families of transcriptional regulators and cytoplasmic proteins mediating photoreceptor-induced responses, although some important Arabidopsis phytochrome-signaling components are absent. Moreover, soybean and Arabidopsis genefamily homologs appear to have undergone a distinct expansion process in some cases. We propose a working model of light perception, signal transduction and response-eliciting in G. max, based on the identified key components from Arabidopsis. These results demonstrate the power of comparative genomics between model systems and crop species to elucidate several aspects of plant physiology and metabolism.

• BMB Reports
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.408-413
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• 1995

Decrease in the amount of cotyledonary spermidine in Glycine max under anaerobic conditions related to an increase in spermidine dehydrogenase. Under the same conditions, no enzymatic activity of diamine oxidase was observed. Exposure of Glycine max both to spermidine and 1,3-diaminopropane under anaerobic conditions resulted in a decrease in spermidine contents. Correlated with the decrease in spermidine contents, there was a drastic increase in spermidine dehydrogenase. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme estimated by Sephacryl S-300 gel column and SDS gel electrophoresis were 130,000 dalton and 65,000 dalton, respectively, indicating that the enzyme is a dimer. The optimal pH for activity was 9.3. The $K_m$ value for spermidine was 0.61 mM. Neither metal ions nor polyamine and derivatives affected enzymatic activity, but the enzyme was inhibited by DTNB, NEM and PCMB, suggesting that a cysteine residue of the enzyme is associated with or involved in enzyme activity. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing properties of the enzyme from plants. Considered together, the data in this paper indicate that both spermidine and 1,3-diaminopropane, novel activators, enhance the spermidine dehydrogenase activity and control the intracellular spermidine contents.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.32-37
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• 2000

Recently new soybean saponins with D DMP (2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-2,3,- dihydro-4H-pyran-4-one) moiety have been isolated from legumes. The purpose of this study is to characterize ROS scavenging activities of DDMP saponins ($\alpha$g, $\beta$g saponin) isolated from Glycine max (L.) Merrill. The scavenging activity on OH was examined in terms of lipid peroxidation in the rat liver homogenates and the same activity on $O_2$ was also determined in the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system, respectively. Up to 0.25 mg DDMP saponins ($\alpha$g and $\beta$g saponins) did not cause any significant effects on the prevention of lipid peroxidation as compared with the control group. In terms of superoxide scavenging activities, 0.25 and 0.5 mg $\alpha$g saponin inhibits only 2.6% and 5.5% (p<0.05) of the control group, respectively. However, $\alpha$g saponin dose-dependently (p<0.01, r=0.955) inhibits the formation of superoxide radical unto 21.3% of the control group with a maximal dose of 0.5 mg (p<0.01), equivalent to 0.17 units of superoxide dismutase activity.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.489-495
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• 2001

대두 발아종 오존수 처리에 의한 배유세포와 산성 인산호효소의 변화에 관해서 전자현미경으로 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 산성 인산화효소의 활성은 발달하고 있는 종자 배유의 여러 소기관에 나타났는데, 효소의 활성은 0.5 ppm 오존수를 처리한 후 12시간 배양중에 나타났다. 오존수를 처리한 후 배유가 분화함에 따라 산성 인산화효소의 반응산물은 액포내에 축적되는 것으로 나타나는데, 이것은 산성 인산화효소가 세포간 저장물질의 분해와 이동에 관여하는 것으로 여겨진다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.157-163
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• 2006

Growth of G. max treated with $NO_3^-$-N was decreased by high NaCl treatments, but $NH_4NO_3$-fed plants showed good growth with enhanced activity of antioxidative enzymes (SOD and APX). Especially, activity of APX was higher in 5 mM $NH_4NO_3$-fed plants than other types of N-supplied plants throughout the stress period. Higher SOD activity under salt stress was accompanied by increase in APX activity in 5 mM $NH_4NO_3$-fed plants. Similarly, application of calcium confirmed somewhat positive effects on growth. Salt-treated soybean plants showed the best growth response with the increase of SOD and APX activity at an additional 5 mM calcium treatment. Especially, the increase of SOD activity through the strengthened CuZn-SOD isoform was remarkable.