• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.12 no.1 s.26
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• pp.69-80
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• 1988

In this study, we have compared the relative importance of various washing condition affecting on soil release for P/C blended fabrics. P/C blended fabrics were soiled by the pad-dry method with aqueous and oily soil. The washing procedures of soiled samples were performed by Atlas Launder-Ometer with 27 wash conditions which are combinations of wash temp. wash time and detergent cone. The degree of soil-release was evaluated with CIE 1976 Lab color difference before and after washing. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the optimum wash conditions and the relative importance of the factors providing maximum soilremoval.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.71-82
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• 2001

불포화토에 있어서 함수상태는 지반이 건조할수록 수축하고 습윤상태로 진행할수록 파괴에 이르게 하는 추가적인 입자간 응력을 발생시키며, 이러한 간극수와 흙입자 사이에 발생하는 현상을 규명하기 위해서는 정확한 모형화가 필요하다. 흙입자와 간극수 사이의 상호작용에서 흡입유발 유효응력(suction-induced effective stress)을 규명하기 위해 정규모형(regular packing)과 임의모형(random packing)이 적용될 수 있다. 최근의 연구결과에 따르면 흙은 흡입유발 유효응력과 밀접한 관계가 있으며, 흙의 비등방텐서(anisotropic tensor)를 구하기 위해 적용된 ALTERNAT 모델을 이용하여 구조텐서(fabric tensor)를 개략적으로 정의할 수 있다. Thornton의 임의모형 시뮬레이션은 구조텐서에 상응하는 파괴응력 상태를 포함하고 있으며, 미소역학 시뮬레이션을 통하여 구조텐서를 구하였다. 본 연구에서는 상기에 언급된 구형의 흙입자 모형에 대한 이론적 고찰이 수행되었고, ALTERNAT 모델을 적용한 간단한 비등방텐서의 결과를 구조텐서와 비교하였다. 본 연구결과 비등방텐서는 미소역학 시뮬레이션에 의한 구조텐서에 비해 약 20~40%정도 큰 값을 나타내었다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.61-70
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• 2013

Evaluation of permeability and coefficient of consolidation of clayey sand is critical in analyzing ground stability or environmental problems such as prediction of pollutant transport in groundwater. In this study, permeability tests using a flexible wall permeameter are performed to derive the coefficient of consolidation and permeability of reconstituted soil samples with various mixing ratios of kaolin clays and two different types of sands, which are Jumunjin and Ottawa sands. The test results indicate that the coefficient of consolidation and permeability plots linearly against clay contents in semi-log scale graphs for low clay mixing ratios ranging between 10 to 30%. It is also demonstrated that coefficient of consolidation and permeability of sand and clay mixture are dependent on the soil structure. Contrary to previous findings, the permeability is shown to be independent of the void ratio at low mixing ratios, which can be classified as non-floating fabric. The permeability decreases with the void ratio for floating fabric.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2009

First of all, the properties imparted to PET fabrics are resistance to and recovery from creasing or wrinkling when wet or dry; high resistance to stretch in the filament yarns but not in the staple; high abrasion resistance; good texture and appearance; resistance to heat ageing; good chemical resistance and good resistance, behind glass, to sunlight. But, the low moisture regain of PET fabric conduces to static troubles in textile processing. Furthermore, garments made from PET may, during wear, develop electric charges which attract to the fabric particles of soil(dirt, swarf, dust) flying in the air, so that the cuffs of shirts, for example, become soiled quickly and are not easily laundered clean. The sericin constitutes 25$\sim$30％ of silk protein and surrounds the fibroin fiber with sticky layer that supports the formation of a cocoon. The useful biochemical properties of sericin protein are oxidation resistant, antibacterial, UV resistant, hydrophilic property, and good affinity with hydrophobic material. These properties can be used as an improving reagent or a coating agent for natural and synthetic fibers, fabrics, and other intermediate products. The sericin is also applied to cross-link, and can be blended with other materials. In this study, we modified the surface of PET fabric by mixture of sericin finishing agent; sericin, polyuretane binder and 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) cross-link agent. Also, we investigated the finshing effect; moisture regain, stiffness, handle, drape and electrostatic. The moisture regain of PET fabric treated with sericin finishing agent was higher than that of untreated PET fabric. As a result of evaluating influence about handle of PET fabrics treated with sericin finishing agent, it was confirmed that the sericin finishing agent could be use as a linen like finishing agent.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.12 no.3 s.28
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• pp.383-390
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• 1988

To investigate the soil-redeposition and color change on dry-cleaning, the white and, dyed, fabrics of cotton, silk, polyester and viscose rayon were put into ordinary commercial dry-cleaning machine with soiled cloths. The solvents used were hydrocarben, perchloroethylene and fluorocarbon. From the result, we obtained the following conclusions by examining soil-redeposition, color difference of fabrics and tenacity of cotton fabric. 1. In case of white fabrics, as a whole, perchloroethylene shows the lowest soil redeposition. When distillation process is adopted, the rate of soil redeposition is lowered. with hydrocarbon sdvent. The order of soil redeposition rate of fibers are following; cotton> viscose rayon> silk> polyester. 2. In case of dyed fabrics, the color difference between soil redeposited fabrics and originals ($\delta\;E_1$) is similar with white fabrics in pattern, and the order is cotton, viscose rayon, silk and polyester. The color difference between fabrics, treated by pure solvents and originals ($\delta\;E_2$ ) is also validated as a little. It seems to be due to the bleeding of dyestuffs from fabrics. 3. There is a little change of tenacity of cotton fabrics by dry-cleaning with perchloroethylene solvent. It is supposed that the damage is more influenced the repetitive mechanical action during dry-cleaning than by acidity of the solvent having the acid value of 0,14.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.539-544
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to research source of soil which is available for non-detergent course, and to develop optimum non-detergent course of washing machine for water soluble soil. The water soluble soil such as grape juice, soy bean paste and soy sauce were easily removed from the fabric but the oil soluble soils such as sesame oil and steak sauce were insurfficiently removed in washing solution without detergent. In the absence of detergent, amount of residual soils increased linearly with increasing number of soiling and washing. To search optimum conditions of washing for non-detergent course, the effect of temperature, washing time and washing method on detergency of soil in non-detergent washing solution was examined. The optimum washing temperature and washing time for non-detergent course were about $40^{\circ}C$, and 7 minutes, respectively. And in the non-detergent washing solution, midterm drain-resupply of water during washing process was good for removal of water soluble soil.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.70-79
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• 1999

The lower ground of structure, in which the strip loads, such as earth dams and embankments , are signiificantly working on , is required to be interpreted as a state of plane strain where the strain of intermediated principal stress direction is put '0' . The plane strain state is frquently observed in actural soil engineering case. For those case, drained stress-strain and strength behavior of Iksan weathered granite soil prepared in cubical specimens with cross-anisotropic fabric was studied by conventional triaxial compression, plane strain and cubial triaxial tests with independent control of the three principal stress. All specimens were loaded under conditions of principl stress directions fixed and aligned with the directions of the material axes. As a result of research , when a ground condition is analyzed under plane strain state, the shear strength obtained from the conventional triaxial compression test can be understimated.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1985

The effect of temperature, washing time, mechanical agitation and concentration on the removal from cotton fabrics of tripalmitin labelled with C\sup 14\ were studied. In order to correlate the detergency with the removal mechanism, solubilization and suspending power of surfactants were observed. RESULTS : 1. The detergency from cotton fabric was increased with elevating temperature and over the temperature of maximum detergency, the rate of soil removal was rather decreased. 2. The effects of washing time and mechanical agitation on the removal of triplamitin were obvious at lower temperature. 3. The removal of tripalmitin was remarkably increased at higher concentration over cmc for all surfactants. The detergency of nonionic surfactant -NPPG- was best, this was resulted from its large solubilization and suspending power.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.17-24
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• 2002

The objective of the present research is to evaluate the wave propagation velocity and attenuation characteristics of kaolin clay specimens using ultrasonic testing. Test specimens with known initial micro-fabric were prepared using a two-stage slurry consolidation technique. For a known state of stress conditions, initial void ratio, and micro-fabric, a series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the longitudinal wave propagation velocity and associated damping behavior. The effects of major variables involved in ultrasonic testing of cohesive soil were considered in this study. Ultrasonic velocity was not correlated to the microfabric structure under the given consolidated pressure whereas ultrasonic attenuation was affected by the microstructural properties of the specimen.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 1984

The comparative detergency of Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) solution near the first critical micelle concentration (CMC) was measured by means of a 131 I-labelled castor oil as a soil. More than 95% radiochemical purity of 131 I-labelled castor oil was obtained using potassium lidide as a carrier. Polyester test fabric was soiled with 131 I-labelled castor oil, and washed in a conventional washing apparatus mounted on appropriate devices. Fabric radioactivities were measured before and after washing by a scintilation counter. Near the first CMC, the detergency of SDS was increased with decreasing of surface tension of SDS. It was also shown that 131 I-labelled castor oil was useful for studying the detergency of SDS.