• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.782-788
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• 2010

Detail management standard on soil conditions in 'Kyoho' grapes were not yet made. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the optimum soil environmental conditions on production of high fruit quality in 'Kyoho' grapes. We established using correlation between fruit quality and soil condition. These results were used to develop soil management guideline with promoting efficiency and minuteness in grape vineyard. Soil conditions were analyzed at total 80 vineyards in major grape producing areas such as Ansung, and Cheonan (40 orchards an area). The soil environmental factors affected fruit weight were soil pH of 36.6%, cultivation layer depth of 23.3%, and cation of 17.8%. The soil condition factors affected sugar content were soil hardness of 24.4%, cation of 24.1% and organic matter content of 22.1%. Cultivation layer depth, soil texture, and phosphate content were low as relative contribution. Coloring was involved with organic matter content, CEC (cation exchange capacity), and saturated hydraulic conductivity. while soil pH, cultivation layer depth, and phosphate content showed low contribution. Finally, relative contribution on fruit quality related with sugar content, fruit weight, and coloring were soil hardness of 28.0%, organic matter content of 25.0%, soil pH of 12.9%.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.722-726
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• 2011

The management standard on soil conditions in 'Fuji' apple to produce high quality fruit were not yet made. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the optimum soil environmental conditions of ten contents on production of high quality fruit in 'Fuji' apple. The soil and fruit characteristics were analyzed at total 60 orchards in major apple producing areas such as Chungju, Moonkyeung, yeongju, andong, yeosan and yeongcheon (10 orchards an area). The soil environmental factors affected fruit weight was highest relative contribution in saturated hydraulic conductivity of 36.5%. The bulk density and soil pH were low as relative contribution. The fruit weight was influenced by soil physical properties more than soil chemical properties. The soil environmental factors affected sugar content were hydraulic conductivity of 28.3% and organic matter content of 18.2%. The cultivation layer depth and soil pH were low as relative contribution. The fruit coloring was highest relative contribution in saturated hydraulic conductivity 55.9%. while soil pH, cation and soil texture were low. Fruit coloring was high influenced over 70% by soil physical properties. Finally, relative contribution on fruit quality related with sugar content, fruit weight, and coloring were high influenced by saturated hydraulic conductivity of 21.% and organic matter content of 18.7% but bulk density and cultivation layer depth were low relative contribution. The fruit growth and saturated hydraulic conductivity in 'Fuji' apple were very closely related. Therefore, orchard soil management to produce high quality fruit was very importance drainage management and organic matter application. We concluded that scientific soil management is possible by qualifiable of soil management factors.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.880-885
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• 2010

밭에서 $N_2O$ 배출에 영향을 주는 요인들의 특성을 파악하고, 이러한 요인들이 $N_2O$ 배출에 얼마나 영향을 주는지를 정량적으로 밝히고자, 수원시에 위치한 국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과 시험포장에서 $N_2O$ 배출 시험을 수행하였다. 고추와 콩에서 NPK+돈분퇴비를 처리하여 $N_2O$ 배출에 미치는 요인들과 배출에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) $N_2O$ 배출량과 토양온도, 토양수분함량 및 무기태질소의 상관 분석한 결과, 고추에서 $0.528^{**}$, $0790^{***}$ 그리고 $0.937^{***}$, 콩은 $0.658^{***}$, $0.710^{***}$ 그리고 $0.865^{***}$으로 고도로 유의하여 $N_2O$ 배출량에 큰 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. (2) $N_2O$ 배출에 영향을 미치는 요인은 고추에서는 무기태질소 (71.9%), 토양수분 (23.6%), 토양온도 (4.5%), 그리고 콩은 무기태질소 (65.5%), 토양수분 (19.2%), 토양온도 (15.2%) 순으로 나타났다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2012

본 연구는 사과 홍로 품종의 고품질 과실 생산을 위한 최적 토양환경 요인을 구명하기 위해 수행되었다. 토양환경조건들은 전국의 사과 주산지 충주, 문경, 영주, 안동, 예산, 영천 지역에서 각각 농가당 10농가를 대상으로 총 60농가에서 토양 및 과실특성을 조사하였다. 과중에 영향을 미치는 토양환경요인은 포화수리전도도가 33.3%로 가장 기여도가 높았고, 양이온이 24.6% 기여하였다. 용적밀도, 토성 및 고상역시 비교적 높았다. 토양물리성요인이 화학성 요인보다는 과중에 영향을 주었다. 과실의 당도에 미치는 토양환경요인들에서는 토성이 21.9%로 가장 높은 기여도를 나타냈다. 양이온치환용량(CEC)와 용적밀도의 기여도가 매우 낮았다. 과실의 착색은 인산함량이 20.4%로 매우 높은 기여도를 나타냈다. 반면에 포화수리전도도와 유기물함량은 낮았다. 토양물리성 보다는 화학성이 크게 기여하였다. 최종적으로 과중, 당도, 과실착색을 종합적으로 고려한 과실품질에 대한 상대적 기여도에서는 작토층깊이 25.8%, 토성 22.2%, 토양산도 21.0%로 높았다. 고상 및 용적밀도는 낮았다. 사과 홍로 품종은 토양화학성과 매우 밀접한 관련이 있으며, 따라서 고품질의 과실을 생산하기 위해서는 과원의 배수관리 및 시비관리가 중요하다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 과원의 토양관리 요인들을 계량화 하여 과학적 토양관리 기초 자료로 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Application of urea may increase $CO_2$ emission from soils due both to $CO_2$ generation from urea hydrolysis and fertilizer-induced decomposition of soil organic carbon (SOC). The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of increasing urea application on $CO_2$ emission from soil and mineralization kinetics of indigenous SOC. METHODS AND RESULTS: Emission of $CO_2$ from a soil amended with four different rates (0, 175, 350, and 700 mg N/kg soil) of urea was investigated in a laboratory incubation experiment for 110 days. Cumulative $CO_2$ emission ($C_{cum}$) was linearly increased with urea application rate due primarily to the contribution of urea-C through hydrolysis to total $CO_2$ emission. First-order kinetics parameters ($C_0$, mineralizable SOC pool size; k, mineralization rate) became greater with increasing urea application rate; $C_0$ increased from 665.1 to 780.3 mg C/kg and k from 0.024 to 0.069 $day^{-1}$, determinately showing fertilizer-induced SOC mineralization. The relationship of $C_0$ (non-linear) and k (linear) with urea-N application rate revealed different responses of $C_0$ and k to increasing rate of fertilizer N. CONCLUSION(s): The relationship of mineralizable SOC pool size and mineralization rate with urea-N application rate suggested that increasing N fertilization may accelerate decomposition of readily decomposable SOC; however, it may not always stimulate decomposition of non-readily decomposable SOC that is protected from microbial decomposition.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.18-24
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• 1989

인삼재배(人蔘栽培) 예정지(豫定地) 토양이화학성(土壤理化學性)과 관리후(管理後) 토양이화학성(土壤理化學性) 및 이식후(移植後) 본포(本圃)의 토양이화학성(土壤理化學性) 변화(變化)가 인삼수량(人參收量) 및 결주율(缺株率)에 미치는 영향(影響)을 변화량(變化量)과 변화율(變化率) 모형(模型)을 써서 산지조사의 수행자료(遂行資料)로 해석(解析)하였다. 1. 예정지(豫定地)에서 6년차(年次)까지 토양물리성(土壤物理性)의 연차간(年次間) 변화(變化)는 수분(水分)을 제외(除外)한 입단율(入團率), 공극률(孔隙率) 용적밀도(容積密度)가 유의성(有意性) 있는 변화(變化)가 있었고 토양화학성(土壤化學性)은 Mg을 녹외(綠外)한 전성분(全成分)이 유의성(有意性)있게 변화(變化)하였다. 2. 6연근(年根) 인삼수량(人蔘收量)과 연차간(年次間) 토양물리성(土壤物理性)은 유의성(有意性) 있는 정상관(正相關)이었고 결주율(缺株率)과는 유의부상관(有意負相關)이었다. 토양화학성(土壤化學性)의 연차간변화(年次間變化) 중에서 4년차(年次) 함류농도외(艦類濃度外)에는 유의성(有意性)이 없었다. 3. 6연근수량(年根收量)은 본포기(本圃期) 입단율(粒團率)의 변화량(變化量)과 정상관(正相關)이었고 예정지(豫定地)의 변화량(變化量) 및 변화율(變化率)과 수분변화량(水分變化量)과는 부상관(負相關)이었으며 결주율(缺株率)은 예정지공극률(豫定地孔隙率)의 변화양(變化量)과 부상관(負相關)이었고 예정지(豫定地) 입단변화율(粒團變化率) 및 본포기(本圃期) 수분변화율(水分變化率)과는 정상관(正相關)이었다. 4. 6연근수량(年根收量)과 토양물리성(土壤物理性) 상호간(相互間)의 다중상관(多重相關)을 보면 예정지(豫定地)의 공극률(孔隙率)이 크게 기여하며 입단율(粒團率)만을 볼 때는 본포기(本圃期) 변화량(變化量)의 기여도가 컸다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.193-202
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• 2011

We studied temperature sensitivity characteristics of soil respiration during periods of rising and falling temperatures within a common temperature range. We measured soil respiration continuously through two periods (a period of falling temperature, from August 7, 2003 to October 13, 2003; and a period of rising temperature from May 2, 2004 to July 2, 2004) using an open-top chamber technique. A clear exponential relationship was observed between soil temperature and soil respiration rate during both periods. However, the effects of soil water content were not significant, because the humid monsoon climate prevented soil drought, which would otherwise have limited soil respiration. We analyzed temperature sensitivity using the $Q_{10}$ value and $R_{ref}$ (reference respiration at the average temperature for the observation period) and found that these values tended to be higher during the period of rising temperature than during the period of falling temperature. In the absence of an effect on soil water content, several other factors could explain this phenomenon. Here, we discuss the factors that control temperature sensitivity of soil respiration during periods of rising and falling temperature, such as root respiration, root growth, root exudates, and litter supply. We also discuss how the contribution of these factors may vary due to different growth states or due to the effects of the previous season, despite a similar temperature range.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.715-726
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• 2016

This study investigates the characteristics of metallic and ionic elements concentration, concentration according to transport path, and factor analysis in $PM_{10}$ at Guducsan in Busan in the springtime of 2015. $PM_{10}$ concentration in Guducsan and Gwaebeopdong were $59.5{\pm}9.04{\mu}g/m^3$ and $87.5{\pm}20.2{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. Contribution rate of water-soluble ions and secondary ion in $PM_{10}$ concentration in Guducsan were 37.0% and 27.8% respectively. [$NO_3{^-}/SO{_4}^{2-}$] ratio and contribution rate of sea salt of $PM_{10}$ in Guducsan and Gwaebeopdong were 0.91 and 1.12, 7.0% and 5.3%, respectively. The results of the backward trajectory analysis indicates that $PM_{10}$ concentration, total inorganic water-soluble ions and total secondary ions were high when the air parcels moved from Sandong region in China than non-Sandong and northen China to Busan area. The results of the factor analysis at Guducsan indicates that factor 1 was anthropogenic source effects such as automobile emissions and industrial combustion processes, factor 2 was marine sources such as sea salts from sea, and factor 3 was soil component sources.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.50-59
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• 2016

Spatial and temporal changes in nitrification activities and distribution of microbial population of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) in paddy soils were investigated. Soil samples were collected in March and October 2015 from rice paddy with and without the presence of confined animal feeding operations. Incubation experiments and quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that AOA's contribution to nitrification kinetics was much higher in locations where organic nitrogen in animal waste is expected to significantly contribute to overall nitrogen budget, and temporal variations in nitrification kinetics were much smaller for AOA than AOB. These differences were interpreted to indicate that different microbial responses of two microbial populations to the types and concentrations of nitrogen substrates were the main determining factors of nitrification processes in the paddy soils. The copy numbers of ammonium monooxygenase gene showed that AOA colonized the paddy soils in higher numbers than AOB with stable distribution while AOB showed variation especially in March. Although small in numbers, AOB population turned out to exert more influence on nitrification potential than AOA, which was attributed to higher fluctuation in AOB cell numbers and nitrification reaction rate per cells.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2005

토양은 리터의 축적, 분해, 뿌리호흡을 포함하는 토양호흡을 통해 많은 양의 탄소를 저장 또는 방출할 수 있다. 이러한 토양의 주요한 탄소 및 양분의 공급원은 낙엽낙지의 유입과 유입된 낙엽낙지의 분해이며 생태계로 돌아가는 영양의 약 60%가 낙엽에서 유래되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 천연자연림으로 잘 보존된 경기도 광릉시험림의 온대낙엽활엽수림의 리터 생산량과 분해속도가 토양호흡의 계절적 변 이에 미치는 영향을 파악하고 낙엽층과 토양호흡간의 관련성을 찾아 생태계에서의 탄소순환을 이해하기 위한 것이다. 광릉 낙엽활엽수림에서 2003년 생산된 리터의 총량은 1489 Cm/sup -2/ yr/sup -1/ 이었으며 조사지의 우점종인 졸참나무, 서어나무, 까치박달의 순수 낙엽의 총량은 1189 Cm/sup -2/ yr/sup -1/이었다. 낙엽의 분해율은 조사기간인 1년 동안 졸참나무는 24.2%(k = 0.28), 서어나 무는 25.7％(k = 0.30), 까치박달은 33.0%(k = 0.46)이었 다. AOCC를 이용한 연속적인 토양호흡 측정결과 연간 토양호흡량은 629.69 Cm/sup -2/ yr/sup -1/이었으며 이 중 리터 분해가 차지하는 비율은 약 5％인 309 Cm/sup -2/ yr/sup -1/이었다. 토양호흡의 동절기 최저값은 7.4±1.4g Cm/sup -2/ month/sup -1/ 이었으며 이 시기의 리터 분해속도도 0.8g Cm/sup -2/ month/sup -1/로 최저값을 나타내었다. 하절기에는 토양 호흡과 리터 분해속도 모두 증가하여 111.5 ± 16.2g Cm/sup -2/ month/sup -1/와 11.4g Cm/sup -2/ month/sup -1/로 최고값을 보였다. 토양호흡 중 리터 분해속도가 차지하는 비율은 식물 지하부의 생장이 활발해지는 5-6월에는 4.3%로 감소하였으며 리터의 생산량이 증가하는 11- 12월에는 23.5%로 증가하였다. 회귀분석결과 리터 분해속도와 토양호흡과는 r²= 0.63의 상관관계를 가지고 있었다.