• The Korean Journal of Vision Science
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.431-442
• /
• 2018

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate subjective symptoms according to the wearing, purchase and fitting status of soft contact lens wearers, and consumer perception of base curve. Methods : A survey was conducted for those who visited optical shops and lens shops in Seoul from June to August 2018. A total of 98 answer sheets they submitted were used for the analysis. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used to compare subjective symptoms (dryness, glare, uncomfortable fitting, and decreased vision) according to whether fitting condition is screened (case history and push-up test, ect relevant to wearing sensation), and the odds ratio (OR) was obtained by the logistic regression analysis. Results : When the contact lenses were purchased, the rate of which the visual acuity test was performed was 86.6% at optical shop and 64.7% at lens shop. When purchasing contact lens and the contact lens was not tested for fitting, they more experienced dryness (OR 4.41, 95% CI 1.25-15.62) and uncomfortable fitting (OR 2.68, 95% CI 1.08-6.64) than testing for fitting. In addition, it was investigated that 87.8% of contact lens wearers did not know about the term base curve, 92.9% did not listen to an explanation related to the base curve when purchasing contact lenses, and 96.9% did not experience with base curve test. Conclusion : It would be thought that satisfaction of the contact lens fitting of existing consumers should be improved by changing a proper base curve by confirming the fitting condition when prescribing soft contact lens.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2005.06a
• /
• pp.107-112
• /
• 2005

Recently proposed stable teleoperation control scheme, base on time domain passivity, is modified to remove several conservatisms. During unconstrained motion and contacting with soft and deformable environments, the two-port time domain passivity approach [21] was excessively dissipating energy even though it was stable without any energy dissipation. The main reason of this conservatism is on the fact that the time domain passivity controller does not include the external energy dissipation elements at the slave manipulator. The measured interaction force between slave and environment allow the time domain passivity observer to include the amount of energy dissipation of the slave manipulator to the monitored energy. With the modified passivity observer, reference energy following idea [24] is applied to satisfy the passivity condition. The feasibility of the developed methods is proved with experiments. Improved performance is obtained in unconstrained motion and contacting with a soft environment.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
• /
• 1998.10a
• /
• pp.231-234
• /
• 1998

The soft reverse recovery characteristics of P-I-N power diodes by different lifetime killer were compared in this paper. It was concluded that the best local lifetime control at N- base was achieved through the optimization of penetrated depth into the wafer by 5 MeV proton irradiation, resulting in significant soft recovery performance in our study. The results of 5∼12 MeV electron irradiation and platinum diffusion were also discussed here.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.20 no.3 s.32
• /
• pp.427-446
• /
• 1990

The objective of this study was to understand the major changes of craniofacial dimensions and spatial growth pattern during the late embryonic and fetal period of human fetures. This study was performed with the selective materials of normal fetuses received from the Registry of Congenital Malformation of Seoul National University Hospital. The specimens consisted of nineteen embryos and sixty-six fetuses. The photomicrographs from mid-segittal sections of embryos were used for angular measurement, and the lateral cephalograms taken with soft X-ray were also measured in liners and angular aspects. All of the anatomical landmarks for the tracing of the photomicrographs and cephalograms were referred to the previous reports on literature. The sequential changes of prenatal craniofacial dimensions and agles were analysed statistically and discussed on the focus about the developmental growth directions of human ore-facial structure arised from heterogeneous origins. The results are as follows, 1) Cranial base angle was almost formed at about 6 weeks old embryos with the average angle of $127.4{\pm}6.33^{\circ}$ (n=3) and it was almost constant onwards. 2) The linear increase rates of anterior cranial base length and anterior facial height exceeded those of the posterior cranial base length and posterior facial height, and the maxilla grows more rapidly on the horizontal dimension than the vertical dmension during the fetal period. 3) The angular relationship between the anterior cranial base and palatal plane decreasedslightly during the fetal period, disclosing $11^{\circ}$ at 12th week gestation and $5^{\circ}$ at 41th weeks gestation. 4) Genial angle was maintained almost constantly at about $130^{\circ}$ during the fetal period from 12 weeks to 41 weeks of gestation.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.293-320
• /
• 2014

In this study, in order to evaluate adequacy of considering local site effect, excluding soil-structure interaction (SSI) effects in inelastic dynamic analysis and design of mid-rise moment resisting building frames, three structural models including 5, 10, and 15 storey buildings are simulated in conjunction with two soil types with the shear wave velocities less than 600 m/s, representing soil classes $D_e$ and $E_e$ according to the classification of AS1170.4-2007 (Earthquake actions in Australia) having 30 m bedrock depth. Structural sections of the selected frames were designed according to AS3600:2009 (Australian Standard for Concrete Structures) after undertaking inelastic dynamic analysis under the influence of four different earthquake ground motions. Then the above mentioned frames were analysed under three different boundary conditions: (i) fixed base under direct influence of earthquake records; (ii) fixed base considering local site effect modifying the earthquake record only; and (iii) flexible-base (considering full soil-structure interaction). The results of the analyses in terms of base shears and structural drifts for the above mentioned boundary conditions are compared and discussed. It is concluded that the conventional inelastic design procedure by only including the local site effect excluding SSI cannot adequately guarantee the structural safety for mid-rise moment resisting buildings higher than 5 storeys resting on soft soil deposits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.32 no.4_1
• /
• pp.335-341
• /
• 2014

The main goal of this study is on developing a proper brand-new data of national base map and Data Based(DB) model for new information technology environments. To achieve this goal, we generated a brand-new Hybrid spatial information model which is specialized in the spatio-temporal map structure, the framework map for information integration, and the multiple-layered topology structure. The DB structure was designed to reflect the change of objections by adding a new dimension of 'time' in the spartial information, while the infrastructure was able to connect/converge with other information by giving the unique ID and multi-scale fusion map structure. Furthermore, the topology and multi visualization structure, including indoor and basement information, were designed to overcome limitations of expressing in 2 dimension map. The result from the performance test, which was based on the Hybrid spatial information model, confirms the possibility in advanced national base map and conducted DB model through implementing various information and spatiotemporal connections.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.28 no.4C
• /
• pp.197-203
• /
• 2008

The end bearing behavior of piles socketed in weathered/soft rock is generally dependent upon the rock mass conditions with fractures rather than the strength of intact rock. Therefore, a database which includes 13 load tests performed on cast-in-place concrete piles and soil investigation data at the field test sites was made first, and new empirical relationships between the base reaction modulus of piles in rock and rock mass properties were developed. No correlation was found between the compressive strengths of intact rock and the base reaction modulus of weathered/soft rock. The ground investigation data regarding the rock mass conditions (e.g. Pressuremeter modulus and limit pressure, RMR, RQD) was found to be highly correlated with the base reaction modulus, showing the coefficients of correlation greater than 0.7 in most cases. In addition, the applicability of existing methods for the end bearing capacity of piles in rock was verified by comparison with the field test data.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
• /
• v.1 no.2
• /
• pp.210-219
• /
• 1995

Many different factors which may affect the prognosis of the soft tissue sarcomas have been reported by many authors ; Generally, tumor size, histologic type, surgical margin, and multi modality therapy therapy as the prognostic factors were reported. The objectives of this retrospective study of soft tissue sarcomas are : 1) to define more clearly prognostic variables that have significant predictive value for disease-free and overall survival ; and 2) to evaluate tumor histologic grade based upon extent of tumor necrosis as a means of stratifying more aggressive soft tissue sarcomas(grade II & III) of the extremities. We treated 94 patients who had soft tissue sarcoma of the extremities and trunk from May 1984 to September 1994(average duration of follow-up was 5 years ranging from 2 months to 10 years) and evaluated the prognostic factors of the soft tissue sarcomas; age, sex, depth, size, location, histologic type and grade, stage, therapy modality, surgical margin, local recurrence and distant metastasis. The results were as follows. 1. The patients with poorer prognosis were over the age of fifty, whose mass was deeply located, size of the mass was over 10cm in diameter, grade III in histology, who had local recurrence, metastasis, and received only surgery. 2. Among these prognostic factors, the most significant prognostic factor was histologic grade base upon extent of tumor necrosis.

• Computers and Concrete
• /
• v.2 no.6
• /
• pp.423-437
• /
• 2005

In this study two single-bay, three-storey space frames, one with brick masonry infill in the second and third floors representing a soft-storey frame and the other without infill were designed and their 1:3 scale models were constructed according to non-seismic detailing and the similitude law. The models were excited with an intensity of earthquake motion as specified in the form of response spectrum in Indian seismic code IS 1893-2002 using a shake table. The seismic responses of the soft-storey frame such as fundamental frequency, mode shape, base shear and stiffness were compared with that of the bare frame. It was observed that the presence of open ground floor in the soft-storey infilled frame reduced the natural frequency by 30%. The shear demand in the soft-storey frame was found to be more than two and a half times greater than that in the bare frame. From the mode shape it was found that, the bare frame vibrated in the flexure mode whereas the soft-storey frame vibrated in the shear mode. The frames were tested to failure and the damaged soft-storey frame was retrofitted with concrete jacketing and, subjected to same earthquake motions as the original frames. Pushover analysis was carried out using the software package SAP 2000 to validate the test results. The performance point was obtained for all the frames under study, therefore the frames were found to be adequate for gravity loads and moderate earthquakes. It was concluded that the global nonlinear seismic response of reinforced concrete frames with masonry infill can be adequately simulated using static nonlinear pushover analysis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2009.09a
• /
• pp.430-440
• /
• 2009

Top-Base Foundation(TBF) was developed in Japan as a factory made concrete product. It is actively used in 6,000 sites by the end of 1980s in Japan and applied for a domestic patent in 1985. It is a shallow foundation whose effectiveness is proven by many relevant researchers and engineers. TBF was introduced to Korea in 1991 and has been applied mainly to architectural structures to date. Currently, the effectiveness in bearing capacity and settlement of TBF is being underestimated for civil engineering structures. Characteristics of Top-Base Foundation studied in Japan and Korea is known as follows: (1) as concrete part and crushed stone behave together, they perform the function of rigid mat; (2) the conical part and pile part of TBF disperses load by interaction with the crushed stone; (3) by preventing lateral strain and differential settlement on lower ground, it improves bearing capacity and constrains settlement at the same time. In Korea, it is used mostly in clayey soft grounds. The formula of bearing capacity and settlement of TBF suggested in Japan give the values of the underestimated. bearing capacity while its settlement is overestimated in comparison with the values measured from the field loading test. Therefore, in this study, the stress delivery mechanism of Top-Base Foundation developed in Japan and Floating Top Base developed in Korea is investigated through numerical analysis and laboratory model test.